Waterlogging Control Research Articles

Studies on Root Growth, Yield and Resilience of Winter Wheat Under Waterlogging Control in Huaibei Plain, China

Studies on Root Growth, Yield and Resilience of Winter Wheat Under Waterlogging Control in Huaibei Plain, China

Research on the Causes and Prevention Measures of Urban Waterlogging

Flood disaster is one of the major natural disasters in China, due to the influence of monsoon climate, seasonal distribution of precipitation and unbalanced spatial distribution, urban flood disasters in China are prone to occur frequently, endangering the safety of life and property of urban residents, and also affecting the safe operation and sustainable development of cities. Therefore, the prevention and control of urban waterlogging is not only a major livelihood project, but also a major development project. In view of the repeated failures of urban waterlogging prevention and control in China, this paper analyzes the causes of urban waterlogging from four aspects: climate change, urban expansion, drainage system, and emergency rescue, analyzes the mechanism of urban waterlogging from the perspective of disaster system theory, and finally summarizes the coping strategies of urban waterlogging based on four aspects: stormwater management, institutional mechanism, engineering construction, and emergency management, in order to provide reference and reference for urban waterlogging control.

Identification of urban waterlogging indicators and risk assessment based on MaxEnt Model: A case study of Tianjin Downtown

Waterlogging is one of the world's most dangerous climatic hazards, seriously limiting the safety and sustainable development of cities. Analysis of the factors influencing urban waterlogging and disaster risk assessment are of great importance for the prevention and control of waterlogging. The study constructs a framework for assessing Urban Waterlogging Risk (UWR) from four dimensions: natural condition, social capital, infrastructure and built environment, emphasizing the need to understand and address the vulnerabilities and risks faced by cities in terms of waterlogging. On this basis, the MaxEnt model is used to rank the contribution rate of the indicators and identify positive and negative correlations, as well as to assess the risk of waterlogging and identify waterlogging-prone areas, taking Tianjin Downtown as the research object. The results show that: (1) MaxEnt model has strong applicability for waterlogging risk assessment. (2) The elements with the highest impact on urban waterlogging are population density, impervious surface, precipitation, etc., and prove that the regional waterlogging risk increases with the increase of population, building density, and impervious surface. (3) The high-risk area of waterlogging in Tianjin Downtown is concentrated in the central part of the city, which is characterized by a high degree of development and construction and a dense population; the low-risk area is mainly the area with a low degree of construction at the edge of the city, as well as the area with a large green area or water bodies. In this study, a comprehensive framework for assessing UWR was developed, key factors affecting the spatial distribution of UWR were identified, and the MaxEnt model was used to perform the risk assessment with a high degree of accuracy. The study results can provide a theoretical reference for the urban disaster warning and land use optimization.

Risk analysis of waterlogging in a big city based on a bow-tie Bayesian network model, using the megacity of Wuhan as an example

At present, the global urbanization process is accelerating, with the climate changing constantly and extreme weather increasing. In this background, urban flood disasters caused by rainstorms frequently occur in China. Therefore, a disaster risk analysis model based on a bow-tie Bayesian network was established to analyze the risk of waterlogging disasters. First, the waterlogging accident was analyzed, the intermediate and basic events that caused the accident were identified, and the accident tree was drawn. According to the intuitive nature of the fault tree, it was transformed into a Bayesian network, and in the meantime, a posteriori probability analysis of nodes was performed to further obtain the critical importance of basic events. By analyzing the importance of the basic events of waterlogging disasters, the key basic events that lead to disasters were proposed. Finally, the bow-tie model was used to analyze the importance of the hazards, and a strategy for the prevention and control of accidents was proposed. The results show that the major accident node of urban waterlogging accidents is the unsafe state of the urban environment, and the management and control of the urban environment should be strengthened to improve the prevention and control of urban waterlogging, e.g., pre-disaster prevention.

Assessing urban pluvial waterlogging resilience based on sewer congestion risk and climate change impacts

Urban waterlogging is a critical issue in urban governance, as without proper preventive measures, stagnant water can lead to damage or even casualties. Identifying waterlogging risk points is often desired in urban waterlogging management. Evaluation strategies should be tailored due to the dynamic features of climate warming and high uncertainty in rainfall patterns. An urban pluvial waterlogging resilience (UPWR) analysis framework is proposed as the basis and the tool for dynamically evaluating the spatial distribution of urban waterlogging resilience. UPWR combines hydrological modelling with drainage capacity calculation, extending the original urban waterlogging analysis into a spatial–temporal resilience analysis paradigm for urban waterlogging management in a future climate. An area in Wuhan city, which has suffered from severe waterlogging disaster events for years, was selected for a case study to test the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach. This study found that (1) as the drainage network congestion situation intensifies, the UPWR grade decreases in 14% of the study areas; (2) from 2030 to 2100, the UPWR in Wuhan shows a worsening trend under each Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), and the UPWR under the RCP45 scenario is the worst; and (3) the analysis results can be used to predict future UPWR changes and determine in advance which areas require special maintenance. The novelty of this research lies in the following: (a) the two levels of precipitation and drainage are combined to construct an UPWR assessment framework, providing a quantitative spatial distribution that lays the foundation for exploring urban waterlogging management solutions; and (b) consideration is given to the dynamic change in climate and urban resistance to waterlogging when predicting the future UPWR via a continuous time series, which can provide a basis for urban waterlogging control planning.

An Evaluation System for Assessing the Operational Efficiency of Urban Combined Sewer Systems Using AHP—Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation: A Case Study in Shanghai, China

In recent years, China’s urban smart water management has focused on enhancing the quality, efficiency, energy conservation, flood prevention, and control of combined sewer overflow (CSO) and urban waterlogging. To evaluate the combined sewer system’s operation efficiency effectively, a comprehensive evaluation system was established. This system incorporated expert scoring and the coefficient of variation method, considering 31 specific indexes to assess six key aspects: CSO control, waterlogging control, stable wastewater transportation, pipeline management and maintenance, energy conservation, and smart water affairs. The AHP—Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was employed for evaluation, combining AHP for index weighting and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for quantitative scoring. The system was applied to assess the operation efficiency of a specific area in Shanghai from 2020 to 2022. Results showed progress in CSO control and energy conservation, with operation efficiency improving from low in 2020 to moderate in 2021 and good in 2022. However, waterlogging control and pipeline management still require improvement in the combined sewer area. Overall, the evaluation system provides valuable insights into the system’s performance, identifying areas for targeted enhancement and emphasizing the need for further improvements to achieve optimal operation efficiency.

Urban waterlogging control: A novel method to urban drainage pipes reconstruction, systematic and automated

Reconstruction of the drainage system is an important measure for urban waterlogging control. For the drainage system of the community, factors such as upstream pipeline water capacity and downstream bottleneck pipeline are often neglected in the process of network reconstruction. Only the network in the waterlogged area is reformed, which is lack of systematicness, and may lead to the failure of waterlogging control. To solve this problem, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM 5.1) is used to analyze the rationality of the current pipe network reconstruction methods using three indicators: the maximum overflow depth, the maximum overflow volume, and the conduit surcharge. And a new reconstruction method for drainage pipe networks is developed by R programming. The results show that the current pipe network reconstruction method is still insufficient to achieve the goal of eliminating node overflow. For different rainfall conditions, there are still existing low-risk areas, with maximum overflow depth can reach up to 0.15 m and maximum overflow volume can reach up to 7.12 m3. The novel developed drainage pipe network reconstruction method (optimizing pipe network) can effectively identify the bottleneck pipes, and by repeatedly expanding the bottleneck pipes, the goal of node overflow can be achieved under a given rainfall event.

Comprehensive physio-biochemical and transcriptomic characterization to decipher the network of key genes under waterlogging stress and its recuperation in Prunus persica.

Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress that plants encounter as a result of climate change impacts. Peach is very sensitive to hypoxia during waterlogging, which causes poor tree vigor and huge economic losses. The molecular mechanism underlying the peach response to waterlogging and reoxygenation remains unclear. Here, the physiological and molecular responses of 3-week-old peach seedlings under waterlogged and recovery conditions were comprehensively analyzed. As a result, waterlogging significantly reduced plant height and biomass with inhibition of root growth when compared with control and reoxygenation. Similar results were observed for photosynthetic activities and gaseous exchange parameters. Waterlogging increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, proline, glutamic acid and glutathione contents, while superoxide dismutase, peroxidases and catalase activities were decreased. The glucose and fructose contents were accumulated, contrary to sucrose which was reduced remarkably throughout the stress periods. The level of endogenous indole acetic acid (IAA) was increased in waterlogging but decreased after reoxygenation. However, the change trends of jasmonic acid (JA), cytokinins and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were opposite to IAA. In transcriptomic analysis, there were 13,343 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with higher and 16,112 genes with lower expression. These DEGs were greatly enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, anaerobic fermentation, glutathione metabolism and IAA hormone biosynthesis under waterlogging, while they were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, ABA and JA hormones biosynthesis in reoxygenation. Moreover, several genes related to stress response, carbohydrate metabolism and hormones biosynthesis were significantly changed in waterlogging and reoxygenation, which indicated unbalanced amino acid, carbon and fatty acid pools in peach roots. Taken together, these results suggest that glutathione, primary sugars and hormone biosynthesis and signaling might play key roles in plant response to waterlogging. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory networks and metabolites in waterlogging stress and its recuperation, which will facilitate peach waterlogging control.

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF FLOOD CONTROL AND WATERLOGGING PREVENTION INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON SUBWAY "ONE MAP"

Abstract. Urban rainstorms and floods often occur, causing serious loss of life and property, and bringing great challenges to the safe operation of subways. In response to the need for prevention and control of urban subway floods and waterlogging, this project is based on geographic information technology, on the basis of "one map" of the subway, using intelligent sensing camera equipment, independent research and development of monitoring water level identification algorithms, and research and development of subway flood control and waterlogging prevention intelligent monitoring system It realizes the integrated management of sensing-transmission-analysis-knowledge-use monitoring of flood control and waterlogging prevention in subway stations. By integrating basic geographic information, monitoring points, real-time water level data and other information, the visualization of "one map" of flood control and waterlogging prevention is realized. The exhibition has greatly improved the management level of flood control and waterlogging prevention. The practical results and experience of this project can provide reference for related research in the same industry.

Comprehensive performance evaluation of stormwater management measures for sponge city construction: A case study in Gui'an New District, China

AbstractClimate change and rapid urbanization have increased pressure on drainage systems, posing new challenges to preventing and controlling urban waterlogging. In 2013, China proposed the Sponge City, a strategic measure for urban waterlogging control. This study quantifies the effects of stormwater management measures in runoff reduction for different levels of rainfall and conducts a one‐dimensional visual analysis of urban waterlogging risks. At the same time, the best cost‐effective scheme is determined based on life‐cycle cost, analytic hierarchy process, and regret decision theory. The results showed stormwater management measures could realize the function of runoff control and waterlogging prevention, especially under low precipitation. However, these measures were still not enough to eliminate waterlogging risk. Combined measures have stronger runoff control capabilities than single measures. Considering economic, environmental, and operational impacts comprehensively, the combined measures of bio‐retention (BR), permeable pavement (PP), and green roof (GR) were determined as the best cost‐effective scheme because of the lowest regret value. The proposed method is helpful to provide reference and decision‐making basis for the construction of sponge cities in the future.

A New Urban Waterlogging Simulation Method Based on Multi-Factor Correlation

Waterlogging simulation is a key technology for solving urban waterlogging problems. The current waterlogging modeling process is relatively complex and requires high basic data, which is not conducive to rapid modeling and popularization. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between rainfall and waterlogging water using the following factors: terrain, evaporation, infiltration, pipe drainage capacity, and river flood water level. By quantifying the influence value of each factor on rainfall, we established a simplified model for fast calculation of waterlogging depth through input rainfall. Waterlogging data was collected from Guangzhou, China to set up the multi-factor correlation model, and verify the simulation results of the model. After the original rainfall is added/deducted, the added/loss value, the relationship between net rainfall, and maximum water depth is better than that between original rainfall and maximum water depth. Establishing a stable multi-factor correlation model for a waterlogging point requires at least three historical waterlogging event data for parameter calibration by sensitivity analysis. Comparing the simulation of four waterlogging points, the multi-factor correlation model (error = −13%) presented the least error in simulating the maximum water volume, followed by the Mike Urban model (error = −19%), and finally the SWMM model (error = 20%). Furthermore, the multi-factor correlation model and SWMM model required the least calculation time (less than 1 s), followed by the Mike Urban model (About half a minute). By analyzing the waterlogging data of Guangzhou, 42 waterlogging points with modeling conditions were screened out to further validate the multi-factor correlation model. Each waterlogging point was modeled based on the historical field, and the last rainstorm was used for model verification. The mean error of the comparison between the simulated maximum waterlogging and the measured maximum waterlogging was 3%, and the R2 value was 0.718. In summary, the multi-factor correlation model requires fewer basic data, has a simple modeling process and wide applicability, and makes it easy to realize the intelligent parameter adjustment, which is more suitable for the urgent requirements of current urban waterlogging prediction. The model results may prove accurate and provide scientific decision support for the prevention and control of urban waterlogging.

Thinking Critically through Key Issues in Improving the Effectiveness of Waterlogging Prevention and Control System in China’s Historic Districts

Solving the problem of waterlogging is of great significance to the protection of historic districts and urban renewal. To solve the problem of waterlogging, it is necessary to comprehensively consider technical aspects such as the “Major-Minor-Micro” drainage system and the connection of urban/watershed flood control systems. At the same time, attention should be paid to the role of management in the entire system. However, there are a series of problems in the current waterlogging prevention and control system in China’s historic districts. The effectiveness improvement plan of the waterlogging prevention and control system is not sufficiently targeted. The various subsystems in the waterlogging prevention and control system play a role in poor coordination. The waterlogging prevention and control system does not work closely with the flood control system. Different management departments have weak coordination in the prevention and control of waterlogging. Aiming at the problems in the waterlogging prevention and control system in historic districts, this paper proposed a series of countermeasures. The waterlogging prevention and control system in historic districts should make full use of the current advanced concepts and practical experience of stormwater management. In order to enhance the role of the waterlogging prevention and control system in historic districts, specific issues should be analyzed in detail. The waterlogging prevention and control system in historic districts needs to be divided into different levels. The waterlogging prevention and control system should be aligned with historic attributes and be highly pertinent. The waterlogging prevention and control system should be closely coordinated with the larger-scale flood control system. At the same time, the intelligent management platform should be used to increase the supervision of the whole process of waterlogging in historic districts.

PSO-WELLSVM: An integrated method and its application in urban waterlogging susceptibility assessment in the central Wuhan, China

Urban waterlogging susceptibility assessment can be used in preventing urban waterlogging disaster, which can cause serious damage. An integrated method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) and weakly labeled support vector machine (WELLSVM), is presented to assess urban waterlogging susceptibility for a certain rainstorm. This method incorporated twelve explanatory factors, including daily precipitation, 3-day cumulated rainfall prior to flood occurrences, elevation, slope, curvature, aspect, topographic wetness index, stream power index, distance to river, leaf area index, impervious surface percentage, distance to road, to perform waterlogging susceptibility analysis. The rainstorm on July 6, 2016 in the main districts of Wuhan, China was used as the scenario to test its feasibility. Cohen's kappa index, accuracy, precision, and recall were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed model. The accuracy of the proposed model (93.6% for training data and 90.1% for testing data) is higher than WELLSVM, support vector machine, and logistic regression, demonstrating the advantages of utilizing unlabeled data and optimized parameter selection. The proposed model can also well identify the waterlogging susceptibility zones. The highest waterlogging susceptibility areas are located in the area with high impervious surface percent, intersections, culverts and overpasses, lakeshore, and riverbank. Elevation and precipitation factors are the most influential factors to waterlogging susceptibility. The proposed model was also tested by the other two storms on July 7, 2013 and June 21, 2019, proving the validity of it. The proposed model is helpful for instant waterlogging susceptibility analysis and can help decision-making of urban waterlogging control.

Simulation and optimization coupling model for soil salinization and waterlogging control in the Urad irrigation area, North China

How to rationally optimize the allocation of surface water and groundwater resources in saline-alkali areas is a difficult problem in current model optimization. Based on an interval two-stage stochastic programming (ITSP) method, this paper considers the system risk involved in saline-alkali land treatment, follows a robust optimization method, and constructs an interval two-stage data-driven subrobust optimization (ITDRO) model, which can optimize the distribution of groundwater and surface water for different crops and realize the combination of wells and canals through the joint dispatch of surface water and groundwater. This paper takes the Urad Irrigation Area as the research object, and the obtained results provide water distribution objectives under situations of multiple sources of water, multiple crops, and different robust coefficients. After the successful calibration and verification of the SaltMod model, the water distribution target is taken as the main input parameter and substituted into the simulation model based on the principle of water and salt balance. The output includes soil salinity, drainage salinity, groundwater salinity (GWS), groundwater table (GWT) depth, and drainage. The results show that the integrated ITDRO and SaltMod model can control the groundwater level below the critical depth under the premise of satisfying crop irrigation, reducing the groundwater level by approximately 0.75 m and the GWS in the irrigation area by approximately 0.68 g/L, which can provide a reference for the prevention and control of soil salinization and waterlogging. This approach is suitable for arid and semiarid regions that face similar problems.

Experience and enlightenment of urban waterlogging disaster prevention in foreign countries

As an important type of disaster, urban waterlogging has become a great challenge for urban governance around the world, threatening people’s lives, health and safety and property safety. The United States, Britain, Japan, Singapore and other countries have accumulated rich experience in the prevention and control of urban waterlogging. Foreign countries have strengthened the prevention and control of urban waterlogging disasters mainly in terms of condensing concepts and awareness, improving laws and regulations, paying attention to planning and construction, using scientific and technological means, strengthening knowledge popularization, strengthening risk assessment and early warning, implementing project-driven and active participation of multiple subjects, and achieved certain results. It is of reference and enlightening significance. In terms of the current and future urban waterlogging prevention and control in China, we should continuously improve the concept and awareness of urban waterlogging prevention and control, scientifically and systematically plan and construct the city; comprehensively use various policies and scientific and technological effective means to improve the effectiveness of urban waterlogging prevention; pay attention to waterlogging Risk assessment and disaster early warning work to realize the advancement of waterlogging disaster governance; strengthen knowledge promotion, popularization and multi-subject participation, create a joint force in urban waterlogging prevention and governance, and promote the modernization of urban waterlogging management systems and capabilities.

Response of morphological and biochemical traits of maize genotypes under waterlogging stress

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops cultivated around the world. Waterlogging stress is a major production constraint of maize production in rain-fed agricultural systems. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of continuous waterlogging on morphological and biochemical traits of maize genotypes at the vegetative stage. Ten maize genotypes were treated under no waterlogging (control) and continuous waterlogging of five centimeters depth for 10 days. The treatments were applied to the plants at their 45 days of age. Visual leaf injury scores from Leaf 4 (youngest leaf is the reference point) to Leaf 7 separated tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Waterlogging stress significantly reduced the total number of live leaves and chlorophyll content in leaf tissues in susceptible genotypes. The anatomical study revealed that tolerant maize genotypes produce a large number of aerenchyma cells under waterlogging stress compared to susceptible genotypes. The enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) exhibited a greater increase in tolerant genotypes than susceptible genotypes whereas the contents of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) greatly increased in susceptible genotypes than tolerant genotypes under waterlogging stress compared to control. Principal component 2 (PC2) indicated that increasing plant height in the genotypes BHM-14, BHM-13 and BHM-9 was associated with waterlogging tolerance. The findings of this experiment will add value to maize breeding to screen out maize genotypes for waterlogging stress tolerance.

Empirical Study on Urban Waterlogging Data Governance Model Based on DID

In this paper, 11 communities in Xiqing District of Tianjin are selected as the research objects. According to the data and information of drainage network during 2010-2020, the effect of urban waterlogging control after the application of data management model in 2016 is tested by using double check difference method. The empirical results show that the implementation of data governance model has a positive effect on reducing the vulnerability of urban drainage network and can improve the governance efficiency; It is advisable to take the fragility of urban drainage network as an important parameter in urban waterlogging control.

Vulnerability Assessment and Empirical Study of Urban Drainage Network Based on Coupling Analysis

The implementation of vulnerability assessment of urban drainage network is of great significance to improve the efficiency of urban waterlogging control. Based on the coupling perspective, the vulnerability assessment index system of urban drainage network is constructed from three dimensions of “exposure-sensitivity-adaptability”. Taking Tianjin as an example, the vulnerability of urban drainage network is empirically analyzed. The results show that reducing the exposure index and improving the sensitivity index and strain capacity of urban drainage network can effectively reduce the vulnerability of urban drainage network; According to the vulnerability of urban drainage networks, targeted prevention and control measures are taken.

Campus waterlogging simulation and model preference based on Kriging interpolation

In order to explore the main influence factors of the node water depth of rainwater pipe network located in a campus in Lanzhou city and to study the interpolation method suitable for the node water depth data, we analyze the data of the water depth of 246 nodes of the rainwater pipe network in the study area under the rainfall return periods of 7 years and 50 years (i.e., P=7 a and P=50 a, respectively). Using ArcGIS software, we make spatial difference analysis of node water depth data of rainfalls in the two return periods, and conduct a comparative study on the four Kriging interpolation models, i.e. stable model, spherical model, Gaussian model and index model, by means of cross-validation method. The results show that the Pearson correlations between the maximum depth of nodes and the depth of water accumulation for P=7 a and P=50 a are strong, and the correlation coefficients are 0.605 and 0.766, respectively. Through comparing the predicted values with the measured values of four Kriging semi-variation function models, it is found that the Kriged reduced mean error by Gaussian model is minimum (KRME=-0.87×10^-4 at P=7 a and KRME=0.87×10^-3 at P=50 a), and the Kriged reduced mean square error is the best (KRMSE=0.939 at P=7 a and KRMSE=0.947 at P=50 a). The Gaussian model is determined as the most suitable model for Kriging interpolation method of node water depth in the study area, which provides a more effective method to identify water logging in the study area by using limited waterlogging data, and provides a theoretical basis for the control and reduction measures of waterlogging.

Research on Design Method Optimization of Combined Sewer Overflow Detention Tank

Detention tank is widely used in urban waterlogging control, rainwater runoff pollution control, combined sewer overflow (CSO) control and rainwater utilization, etc. For detention tanks in different types or functions, their design methods, construction forms and ways of operation and management are very different. In recent years, many cities in China have begun to apply or plan to build CSO detention tanks to control the CSO pollution, but there are still many problems and puzzles in designing the tank. This paper summarizes and evaluates the common design methods of CSO detention tank at China and abroad. Based on the physical projects in which the author has participated in, the scale and control effect of the CSO detention tank are studied by model simulation, taking a combined sewer system catchment in the Beijing old city as examples. Based on the analysis, the long-term simulation method is recommended for designing of CSO detention tanks in China, and a design criteria suitable for a larger range can be determined through research and analysis of a typical and representative area if there is no way to research every area. At last, several key factors that affect greatly the scale and pollutant control efficiency of CSO detention tank are summarized and analyzed, including objectives of CSO control, rainfall characteristics, CSO pollutants transport law, interception multiple, capacity of wastewater treatment plant, space conditions and investment, layout of detention tank and operation mode of detention tank. Hope to provide reference for the scientific designing of CSO detention tank and realize cost-effectively controlling CSO in cities of China.