Water Flow Sensor Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MONITORING AIR DENGANSENSOR ULTRASONIK HC-SR04 DAN WATER FLOW DI ASONE HIDROPONIK BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) MENGGUNAKAN ENERGI PANEL SURYA(PLTS)

The cultivation system using hydroponics is now widely popular among the community because it does not require large areas of land. Using the hydroponic system results in faster and optimal harvests. However, the busy activities of urban communities often cause them to fail in implementing it due to constraints in controlling and monitoring hydroponic plants. Additionally, PLN electricity is essential for operating the water pump, and the electricity load and tariff increases, along with sudden blackouts, significantly impact business actors. To address this problem, this research creates an Internet of Things (IoT)-based water monitoring system for ACONE Hydroponics partners with solar panel (PLTS) energy sources as an alternative energy in the event of a sudden PLN power outage. The sensors used in this system include the HCR-04 ultrasonic sensor to monitor water availability and the water flow sensor to measure water flow (discharge). Sensor data is processed by the ESP32 microcontroller and sent to the Blynk cloud platform via an internet connection and displayed on an LCD. System testing shows that the system can send sensor data to the cloud platform stably and in real-time. Data visualization on the cloud platform is easy to understand and helps hydroponic owners monitor water conditions in hydroponic systems. This water monitoring system can help users optimize water use in hydroponic systems.

Assessment of sensor-based automatic smart watering unit for paddy nurseries under Indian perspective

A sensor-based automatic watering unit was developed to irrigate the paddy seedling trays. The watering unit comprised six flat spray nozzles with a direct current (DC) water pump and flow sensor, and these were kept at the top of the conveyor frame, which was actuated by a DC water pump with a solenoid valve to drop the water in trays. The actuation of the DC solenoid valve was controlled by a limit switch fitted to the conveyor frame, which sensed the moving trays on the conveyor. The performance of the developed unit was evaluated, and process optimization was performed using the Inscribed Central Composite Design in Response Surface Methodology. The effect of main operating parameters- chain conveyor speed (0.123, 0.196, and 0.27 m/s), spray operating pressure (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg/cm2), and spray height (10,30 and 50 cm) on the performance of the sensor-based automatic watering unit was studied in terms of the amount of water spray requirement and coefficient of water spray uniformity in trays. The responses of the unit at its optimal parameter operation (spray operating pressure 4.5 kg/cm2, spray height 10 cm, and chain conveyor speed 0.14 m/s) were found to be 1.31 L/tray as the amount of water spray requirement and 92.41 % as the coefficient of water spray uniformity of the unit. Hence, it can be an efficient substitute with significantly less power consumption 41 W with a higher working capacity of 780 trays/h for watering into the paddy tray nursery. The developed sensor-based automatic smart watering unit saves irrigation water per square area of 68.90 %, 76.13 %, and 82.31 % compared to existing drip, sprinkler, and flood irrigation methods in mat-type paddy nurseries. The developed sensor-based automatic smart watering unit saves the watering cost INR 11,567.16 (140.02 USD) per hectare, reducing cost by 63.7 % compared to manual watering in the mat-type nursery preparation. Thus, an automatic smart watering unit in a paddy tray nursery offers consistent and uniform watering from an Indian perspective, promoting uniform germination, crop growth, and establishment. It conserves water by ensuring the right amount of water is applied at the right time, avoiding overwatering or under-watering.

Post Study Design of Wireless Network for the Water Dilemma in the city of Rujban

Providing water for daily life usage is one of the biggest obstacles facing the growth and development of cities not only in Libya but in many countries of the world. The city of Rujban faces this crisis despite the passage of more than five decades in trying to resolve this issue. We did some deep research and study on the water system operation problem which we divided into three parts: Karthoom Automated Control System (KACS), Idref Automated Control System 1(IACS1), Idref Automated Control System 2 (IACS2) because water is pumped on 3 different stages. The IACS1 consists of two main parts: transmitter/collector tank on one side and receiver / pumps on the other side. The transmitter end consists of a microcontroller, three stage level sensor, two water flow sensors and an RF transmitter. The other end consists of two water pumping pump and an RF receiver. The system will be automated by the use of a microcontroller in which each level of the collector tank will be designed to turn on just one or both pumps of in the case there is certain amount of water, which can be determined by water level sensor, in Karthom collection tank. A crucial part of this coordination is the flow meter which will indicate if the pump is operational or not and detect whether or not there is water leakage, all of which will be demonstrated on an LCD screen. In this paper, we will design a wireless communication network for IACS1.

Industrial-Based GSM Water Leakage Detection, Monitoring and Controlling System: A case of North Rift Valley Water Agency in Kenya

The current system for detecting and monitoring water leaks in Kenyan industries is manual and costly. Despite emerging new technological trends, many industries lack automated systems to detect, monitor, and control water leakage due to the high cost of maintenance and installation. This study's objective was to develop an automatic, remote, and real-time detection, monitoring, and, control system for water leaks. The system is made up of two nodes, one at the source and one at the destination or tap. The two nodes are made up of an ESP microcontroller, which is used to control all the connected components. The use of the ESP 32 microcontroller was efficient due to its ability to provide WI-FI. Aside from the solenoid valve, which was used to turn the water flow on or off in the event of leaks, the system also includes the FY-201 water flow sensor, which was used to gauge the amount of water flowing through the pipe. Water leakage is detected when the volume of water passing through the two sensors differs in terms of volume, indicating that a water leakage has just occurred. Thing-Board, an IoT-based platform used to monitor and visualize data from various devices connected, was used for real-time monitoring, visualization, and control. The developed system was tested with different water service providers, and the results showed that the system responds positively to water leakage parameters with capability of monitoring water leakages in a real time.

IOT based water flow meter using ThingSpeak

The Large scale manufacturing companies are fully automated. Soft Drink Industries and Chemical industries have to constantly measure and quantify the liquids that they are handling during this automation process, and the most common sensor used to measure the flow of a liquid is a Flow Sensor. By using a flow sensor with a microcontroller like NodeMCU, we can calculate the flow rate, and check the volume of liquid that has passed through a pipe, and control it as required. Apart from manufacturing industries, flow sensors can also be found in the agriculture sector, food processing, water management, mining industry, water recycling, coffee machines etc. Further, a water flow sensor will be a good addition to projects like Automatic water dispenser and smart irrigation systems where we need to monitor and control the flow of liquids. In this project, we are going to build a water flow meter using NodeMCU. We will interface the water flow sensor with NodeMCU and LCDI2C, and program it to display the volume of water, which has passed through the valve. For this particular project, we are going to use the YF-S201 water flow sensor, which uses a hall effect to sense the flow rate of the liquid. The measured values are also communicated to the ThingSpeak cloud. The parameters can be monitored remotely form any part of the world. When the volume exceeds the threshold value, Thingspeak will activate the Thingspeak react to send a message to the responsible person with help of the IFTTT applet.

IOT Based Smart Agriculture System For Crop Monitoring And Management

The aim of this project presents a Low Cost GSM Based Automated Irrigation System Using Arduino, Sensors and GSM Module. We use GSM Module so the Module sending the data to the Thing-speak server where it acts as front end to observe the sensor dynamic values and we can check the status of the water pump. It also acts as back end to store the data. The prototype is design in such a way that it will pump the water into the field as per our requirement depending on the weather conditions. The sensors used in the system are DHT11 Sensor (for sensing both humidity and temperature), Water Flow Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor. Key Words: Temperature, Humidity, Soil Moisture Sensor, Relay, Water Pump motor, Internet of things, Sim 800gsm module, etc.

IoT based Smart Watering System with Remote Monitoring and Control

This paper presents the design and implementation of an IoT-based smart watering system equipped with monitoring and control capabilities using Blynk IoT software. The system integrates various components including soil moisture sensor, water flow sensor, 12V water pump motor, relay module, and NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. Through this setup, users can remotely monitor soil moisture levels, control water flow to plants, and automate watering schedules via the Blynk mobile application. This paper discusses the system architecture, hardware setup, software implementation, and presents experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed solution. Key Words: IoT, Smart watering system, remote monitoring.

Design of Liquid Refill Station for Dish Soap Product Based on Internet of Things

The abundance of plastic waste from liquid products such as dish soap, shampoo, mineral water, etc., has been a big problem so far. Therefore, a liquid refill station for liquid products has been designed to reduce plastic waste, and in this research, we used dish soap as liquid product. The tool works equipped with two pumps and a water flow sensor. So that customers can choose the volume and type of dish soap they want to buy from the two available brands. All purchase data in the form of customer ID, the brand of dish soap purchased, the volume of dish soap bought, and the date of the purchase were saved in the database. The residual volume in the tank is monitored and displayed on the Grafana dashboard. The timeout of dish soap volume in the tank is predicted using linear regression with the independent variable in the form of time (days) of purchase and the dependent variable in the form of the remaining dish soap in the tank. The prediction uses training data taken from the remaining volume data in the tank when it is first filled until it is first used up. The training data found that the coefficient of determination R2= 0.99 for the two brands.

DESIGN A MONITORING AND AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER FILLING WITH VOICE COMMANDS USING GOOGLE ASSISTANT

Drinking water filling stations currently still use faucets or buttons to stiffen drinking water filling, where the user is sometimes negligent which results in water overflow during the drinking water filling process and the availability of gallons of water at drinking water filling stations also often runs out. The purpose of this study is to monitor the availability of gallons of water at drinking water filling stations and fill drinking water with voice commands according to the desired water volume using Google Assistant. The command code given is "Turn on the Water Pump", "Turn Off the Water Pump", "Turn on 240 Milliliters", "Turn on 600 Milliliters" and "Turn on 1000 Milliliters" to Google Assistant. The result obtained from this study is the percentage of success of the command code which is 100%. Google Assistant is not able to detect voice commands with environmental conditions of noise interference above 88 dB. The average response speed the tool works at when given a command is 2253 milliseconds. The average error percentage of the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor with a manual gauge to determine availability in gallons is 1.8%. The success percentage of the E18-D80NK infrared sensor is 100%. The average error percentage of the Water Flow Sensor Yf-S201 with a measuring teapot when filling 240 milliliters of drinking water is 8.51%, 600 milliliters is 4.05% and 1000 milliliters is 2.35%.

Optimalisasi Penggunaan Sensor Pada Sistem Penyiraman Tanaman Kangkung Menggunakan Metode WSN

Water spinach is one of the agricultural products that is often consumed by Indonesian people, so it has very high market demand. However, there are still many farmers who use the traditional method of watering plants by carrying water so that it does not increase plant productivity. This is also a problem because farmers are at risk of developing MSDs (musculoskeletal disorders). To support high market demand, technology is needed that can help farmers in the process of watering plants with high effectiveness and efficiency. In this research, optimization of the use of sensors was carried out using WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) to overcome the problem of increasing scale on large areas of land to be able to monitor park land and control the watering process. This system uses several sensors, including a water pressure sensor, waterflow sensor, soil pH sensor and soil moisture sensor. Apart from that, this research also created a warning system and recommendation system to help farmers in making decisions regarding plantation management. Farmers can monitor garden land and control watering from anywhere via the web application that has been created

Perancangan Prototipe Sistem Monitoring dan Kontrol Hidroponik Pada Tanaman Selada Berbasis Internet of Things

Indonesia is located in a tropical area and is rich in natural resources and abundant agricultural land. The technique that can save land is the hydroponic system. The hydroponic system has the disadvantage that it requires more labor and maintenance compared to tillage. This research aims to design a tool that can combine and control air pH, air nutrients, air temperature and air flow speed on hydroponic plants through the Blynk application. It is hoped that this application can make it easier for hydroponic owners to control and monitor their plants remotely. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a Waterfall research design. Based on the research results, the results of testing the air pH sensor showed an average difference of 0.18 and testing the TDS sensor, temperature sensor and water flow sensor produced different types of air which had their own resulting values in the sensor readings. In testing the relay response, applying voltage to the relay and calculating the length of delay on the pump relay gives different times with a calculation of several seconds

Perbandingan Hasil Nilai Baca Konsumsi Air Antara Sensor Water flow YF-B6 dan YF-S201 dalam Penggunaan Internet of Things

The use of clean water is very necessary for human life, the existence of clean water requires adequate infrastructure, especially in the distribution and quality of the water. Water usage measurements at PDAM and Pamsimas still use analog water meters, although the reading values are relatively accurate, the entire calculation process is less efficient because it has to be done manually by humans which requires energy and time and there is the possibility of recording errors. Water flow sensors are able to provide an alternative as a projection for the future which makes it possible to build smart water meters by applying IoT. However, the level of accuracy of water flow sensor readings needs to be studied more deeply for its use considering the many types of shapes, materials and sizes of water flow sensors. This research presents a comparison of sensor reading values by changing several constant parameters in each test, which is the most precise and accurate in each measurement test. These results are up to the accumulated amount of water in milli liters, then measured to obtain the accuracy value of each sensor reading value, thus the comparison of two water flow sensors can be used as a reference for the use of which sensor is most suitable for use as a water meter for each different uses.

Shrimp Pond Monitoring System using Cooperative Wireless Sensor Network Multi-Hop Technique based on Internet of Things

Water quality is a crucial factor in maintaining the survival and growth of shrimp. Manual water quality monitoring in shrimp ponds is no longer effective due to the need for periodic monitoring to maintain stable water quality. Therefore, online monitoring using various sensors installed in each pond is necessary. However, there are several challenges to overcome, such as the large expanse of the shrimp ponds, which may lead to data loss due to signal disruptions, and limited energy to power the sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes the cooperative Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technique with a multi-hop method for communication in the monitoring process. The system consists of five sensor nodes: temperature sensor, pH sensor, water level sensor, intake water flow sensor, and drain water flow sensor. The cooperative WSN multi-hop technique helps reduce energy consumption in the sensor nodes during measurement and data transmission, while also preventing data packet loss. This is achieved through the use of relay nodes that strengthen signals and forward data to the sink node. As a result, the battery life is extended, and energy usage in the monitoring process can be optimized. The system enables real-time online monitoring and can be accessed through a smartphone application. The results of this study show that the total energy consumption for data transmission in the sensor nodes is 9.64 J, while the total energy consumption for data forwarding in the relay nodes is 9.15 J. The total energy consumption in the transmit and receive processes is 18.79 J or 5.2 mWh. Therefore, it can be concluded that the energy savings of the proposed system is 4.3 mWh or approximately 45%, and is more efficient than the previous system.

Design of Automation and Monitoring Systems for Filling Mineral Water Tanks Based on Android Applications

The PURE “ARH” refillable drinking water filling station located on Arief Rahman Hakim Street, Klampis Ngasem, is still not very practical and efficient. This is because the machine is still manual, operated by pressing a manual button to switch it on and off, and requires visual observation until the water container is filled. As a result, this creates uncertainty in the volume of water being filled. Therefore, in this research, an automated prototype and monitoring system for filling mineral water tanks based on an Android application were developed. The use of an HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor for mineral water tank detection at approximately 20 cm and an FS400A water flow sensor to determine the volume of water filled is employed. Subsequently, the results of mineral water tank’s water filling can be monitored, displaying the number of fillings and the volume of water filled, which are then sent to the Android application. Three mineral water tank sizes are used as samples: 5 liters, 15 liters, and 19 liters. The filling process allows configuration of the filling volume through the Android application, allowing refillable drinking water station owners to set their desired set points based on the mineral water tank’s capacity. The validation results of the FS400A G1 flow sensor shows an average error of 1.35%, resulting in an accuracy level of 98.65%, while the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has an average error of 1.31% with an accuracy level of 98.69%. As for the testing of the filling mineral water tanks control system using the on-off control method, in this research, it has been successfully achieved with an error rate of 0.9% for a 5-liter set point, 1.3% for a 15-liter set point, and 2.4% for a 19-liter set point. From these results, it can be concluded that the water-filling control system operates effectively, as the actuator functions properly with a logic state of one (1), and once the set point is reached, the actuator turns off with a logic state of null (0).

Development of an Automatic Water Flow Sensor System Using ESP32 for Efficient Water Control

Access to clean and reliable drinking water is essential for human well-being. This research aims to develop an automatic water flow sensor system based on ESP32 microcontroller for efficient water control. The study employs the Development (Observation) method to observe and record the activities involved in the system development process. The system allows users to adjust the water discharge according to their requirements by utilizing a keypad interface and modifying the Arduino IDE code. The experimental results demonstrate a high accuracy of 92% with an 8% error rate, indicating the system’s reliability in controlling the water flow. Moreover, stabilizing the ESP32 microcontroller by providing a voltage of at least 5V ensures optimal performance. The findings suggest the practicality and cost-effectiveness of the developed system, which can contribute to improving water management and conservation efforts worldwide.

Rancang Bangun Prototype Sistem Monitoring Tandon Otomatis Menggunakan Mikrokontroller ESP32 Berbasis Internet Of Things

Filling reservoir water automatically using a pressure switch and radar is still not effective, because it cannot know how much water is in the reservoir in real time and how much water comes out of the reservoir. In addition, there is a problem with drilled wells where the source of water is not always available, when the well runs out the water pump will run continuously and can cause damage to the water pump. Therefore this study aims to make reservoir water filling automatic, maintain water availability in reservoirs, monitor water in reservoirs in real time, remote control and protect water pumps when well water supplies run out. This research was made using the ESP32 microcontroller, water flow sensor, water switch sensor and also utilizing the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. This research produces a tool that can work well for monitoring how much water is in the reservoir, turning off or on the pump automatically based on the water level in the reservoir, monitoring how much water discharge comes out of the reservoir and monitoring whether or not there is input of water into the reservoir so that the water pump does not lights up continuously when the well or reservoir water runs out to prevent damage to the water pump. All of these systems are controlled by the ESP32 microcontroller which is connected to the internet of things and Android devices so that they can be monitored in real time.

UJI FUNGSI DAN KALIBRASI SENSOR WATER FLOW YF-S201 BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO PADA MESIN PENJERNIH AIR SUNGAI

Semi-automatic water purification machines are urgently needed by the people around the Sitopong river, Cilacap Regency. Required application and testing of the YF-S201 type water flow sensor based on Arduino Uno. This is done so that the application of the water speed sensor in the river water purification machine can be maximized. The research method used is a literature study related to Arduino Uno and conducting experiments. The experiments were carried out in the form of testing the water flow velocity sensor, carrying out the process of calibrating the water flow sensor. Sensor testing was carried out 10 times after calibration. Based on the calibration results, an average volume of 329 ml was obtained from the desired volume of 330 ml so that an error of 0.3% was obtained. Whereas at the desired volume of 600 ml, the average volume of the calibration results is 598 ml, it can be seen that an error of 0.3% is obtained at a volume of 600 ml. Function test on the water filling process with 10 trials obtained an accuracy of 99.6% for a 330 ml volume bottle and 99.6 ml for a 600 ml volume bottle.

IoT-Enabled Smart Drip Irrigation System Using ESP32

Agriculture, or farming, is the science of cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock. Ever since the days of the first plow from sticks over ten thousand years ago, agriculture has always depended on technology. As technology and science improved, so did the scale at which farming was possible. With the popularity and growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years, there are even more avenues for technology to make agriculture more efficient and help farmers in every nation. In this paper, we designed a smart IoT-enabled drip irrigation system using ESP32 to automate the irrigation process, and we tested it. The ESP32 communicates with the Blynk app, which is used to collect irrigation data, manually water the plants, switch off the automatic watering function, and plot graphs based on the readings of the sensors. We connected the ESP32 to a soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, and water flow sensor. The ESP32 regularly checks if the soil is dry. If the soil is dry and the soil temperature is appropriate for watering, the ESP32 opens a solenoid valve and waters the plants. The amount of time to run the drip irrigation system is determined based on the flow rate measured by the water flow sensor. The ESP32 reads the humidity sensor values and notifies the user when the humidity is too high or too low. The user can switch off the automatic watering system according to the humidity value. In both primary and field tests, we found that the system ran well and was able to grow green onions.

Smart Water Harvesting System Using IoT

With the alarming rate of consumption of water resources in today’s world, water scarcity has become more prominent than ever. Harvesting rainwater is an area frequently tread upon but the concept of smart rainwater harvesting has only come in the form of ideas, not executions. We present an IoT-based solution aimed at addressing the need for monitoring water quality and facilitating water provision. This study showcases a strategy for rainwater collection in rural regions alongside an IoT framework designed for monitoring water quality and quantity. Sensor-derived data are accessible in real-time through a dedicated website interface. The system architecture incorporates an Arduino microcontroller as the central unit, coupled with various sensors including water level, pH, and water flow sensors. Data acquired from these sensors are processed by the microcontroller and transmitted to the cloud via a wireless connectivity module.

Automated Water Heating Management with Internet of Things

IoT devices can range from smart home devices such as thermostats and security systems to industrial control systems used in manufacturing and other industries. One focus of the IoT-based monitoring and control concept is monitoring and controlling water heaters based on IoT technology to support the creation of a smart home. The purpose of this research is to create a system that can control and monitor water heaters remotely using the Android Studio application so that the water temperature in the heater can be ensured for safety, comfort, reliability, and energy efficiency. The system is designed using temperature sensors and water flow sensors, and then the data is processed with the NodeMCU microcontroller and then sent to the Firebase website to be displayed on the application. The application built can set a large amount of water and heat it to the desired temperature before sending it to Firebase and then to NodeMCU. The result of this research is an application that is able to control and monitor a water heater with an average measurement difference of 0.38 liters and an average error percentage of 7.11% The relay control system in the application has an average delay time of 3.6 seconds.