Water Supply For Population Research Articles

Carbon footprint of Vidraru hydropower development

Large hydropower developments are not considered to be environmentally friendly due to large landscape flooded by their reservoirs. There is a certain carbon footprint related to this, in the phase of construction and of the operation of the reservoirs. This paper presents GHG emissions related to an iconic reservoir from Romania, Vidraru, and demonstrate that values are close to those determined around the world and that comparing with other conventional power plants producing electricity is the best environmental option. Furthermore, must be considered the other water uses related to reservoirs as flood mitigation, water supply for population, irrigation, and industry, where reservoirs cannot be replaced by anything else.

Feasibility analysis on the construction of a web solution for hydrometeorological forecasting considering water body management and indicators for the SARS-COV-2 pandemic

The current scenario of a global pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19), highlights the importance of water studies in sewage systems. In Brazil, about 35 million Brazilians still do not have treated water and more than 100 million do not have basic sanitation. These people, already exposed to a range of diseases, are among the most vulnerable to COVID-19. According to studies, places that have poor sanitation allow the proliferation of the coronavirus, been observed a greater number of infected people being found in these regions. This social problem is strongly related to the lack of effective management of water resources, since they are the sources for the population's water supply and the recipients of effluents stemming from sanitation services (household effluents, urban drainage and solid waste). In this context, studies are needed to develop technologies and methodologies to improve the management of water resources. The application of tools such as artificial intelligence and hydrometeorological models are emerging as a promising alternative to meet the world's needs in water resources planning, assessment of environmental impacts on a region's hydrology, risk prediction and mitigation. The main model of this type, WRF-Hydro Weather Research and Forecasting Model), represents the state of the art regarding water resources, as well as being the object of study of small and medium-sized river basins that tend to have less water availability. hydrometeorological data and analysis. Thus, this article aims to analyze the feasibility of a web tool for greater software usability and computational cost use, making it possible to use the WRF-Hydro model integrated with Artificial Intelligence tools for short and medium term, optimizing the time of simulations with reduced computational cost, so that it is able to monitor and generate a predictive analysis of water bodies in the MATOPIBA region (Maranhão-Tocantins-Piauí-Bahia), constituting an instrument for water resources management. The results obtained show that the WRF-Hydro model proves to be an efficient computational tool in hydrometeorological simulation, with great potential for operational, research and technological development purposes, being considered viable to implement the web tool for analysis and management of water resources and consequently, assist in monitoring and mitigating the number of cases related to the current COVID-19 pandemic. This research are in development and represents a preliminary results with future perspectives.

Transformation of water supply of population and economic objects in the Don River basin for the period of 1990-2018

The analysis of the current state of major water consumers and water complex participants is performed. The data on the increase in centralized water supply of the residential accommodation during 2000-2018 is presented. Significant decrease in the volume of water used for drinking water supply is shown. The improvement of water quality in water bodies of most regions is revealed. The use of fresh water for production needs in the Don River basin decreased from 5.8 to 2.9 km3 from 1990 to 2018. The water circulation coefficient in industry increased from 64 to 85%. The area of irrigated lands in the basin has started to decrease significantly since 1990. In 2000 every second hectare of available irrigated land was watered and in 2016 only every fourth was watered.

Роль водохозяйственной науки в решении социально-экологических водных проблем на Дальнем Востоке

The paper presents the activities of the Russian Research Institute for Integrated Water Management and protection Far Eastern Branch and gives the list of the principal accomplished works. The activities of the Branch is focused on solution of social/ecological water problems in the Far Eastern region concerning flood-risky territories protection and mitigation of the flood damage, as well as water supply of population, water resources (including transboundary water bodies) rational use and protection, normalizing of permissible impacts upon water bodies, etc. Priorities in the RosNIIVKH Far Eastern Branch development and scientific researches aimed at elaboration of methodic approaches both on the above trends and on normalizing of human impact upon marine offshore water areas.

Etnobotânica de chás terapêuticos em Rio Urubueua de Fátima, Abaetetuba – Pará, Brasil

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n2p77Estudos etnobotânicos no Brasil revelaram os chás como principal forma de tratamento terapêutico em comunidades tradicionais. Objetivou-se valorizar os conhecimentos tradicionais na comunidade Rio Urubueua de Fátima, Abaetetuba – PA, por meio da identificação das plantas medicinais empregadas em chás e suas formas de preparo, atribuindo a estas a sua importância na terapêutica e no tratamento das enfermidades mais recorrentes, além de investigar a qualidade das águas de consumo da população, indispensável ao preparo dos chás, e a sua relação com a saúde dos ribeirinhos. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 35 interlocutores, foram calculados para as espécies: valor de importância, concordância quanto aos usos principais, concordância quanto aos usos principais corrigidos e o fator de consenso do informante. A fim de averiguar a qualidade da água, foi feita análise microbiológica de amostras coletadas em três diferentes pontos do rio Urubueua. Foram citadas 82 receitas de chás terapêuticos. Mentha sp. obteve o maior valor de importância e, juntamente com Lippia alba (Mill) N. E. Brown. e Ficus maxima Mill., o maior índice de concordância quanto ao uso principal corrigido. Os moradores na faixa etária entre 60 e 69 anos detêm vasto conhecimento de plantas e receitas a base de chás, frequentemente empregados na sua medicina tradicional. Da água utilizada pelos moradores, foram quantificados coliformes totais e termotolerantes em todas as amostras, sendo um fator de risco para a doença diarreica, mencionada em quadros clínicos recorrentes.

Efficient Use of Water Resources in Agriculture

Fresh water resources are the major natural resources of Georgia. Despite of 810 000 m3 of water produced annually per one km2 of the country on the average, water supply of population at its Eastern part is an acute issue. Under more or less equal conditions in the Western and the Eastern parts of Georgia with nearly the same population the annual fresh water volume per capita is nearly four times less in Eastern Georgia. Moreover the annual runoff distribution per month for irrigation purposes is irregular here. The development of agriculture requires the proper use of land and water resources. This is especially true in dry and semi- dry regions, where due to the hard natural conditions the water is essential for harvesting.The purpose of study was creation of geographical information system (GIS) of water resources. Kakheti region has been selected to carry out the research. Region is reach in fertile and pasture lands. It is the country's leading viticulture region. The major part of the population are engaged in agricultural activities. It is notable for its deficit of water resources in the country. Areas of non-irrigated land in the region is 90 385ha. Water resources of the region are used irrationally. Depreciated and emergency state of irrigation schemes is the main headache of nearly all municipalities. Poor repair of network is a reason of high water losses. So the existing water consumptions problems hinder development of agriculture considerably.Due to the global warming and progression of the process of desertification, will aggravate fresh water problem even more and presumably may lead to migration of local population from the area. To mitigate and adjust the above said processes is to proceed to the controlled water consumption with a view to use water resources more rationally.

A Survey of Arsenic Level in Tube-Wells in Bam Province (Burkina Faso)

Groundwater is a main source of water supply for populations in Burkina Faso where there is a serious problem for drinking water access. However, water quality has not been always followed regularly. Recent studies showed that more than 50% of drillings in Yatenga province (north of Burkina Faso) have an arsenic concentration above the recommended WHO requirement. Preliminaries studies conducted in Bam (Center North of Burkina Faso) showed high arsenic level in certain localities. This work presents for the first time data on a large scale evaluation that had been performed in all the localities of Bam province in other to have a better assessment of contamination scale. A total of 707 drilling water samples have been selected randomly in 9 communes and analysed for the arsenic level using atomic absorption spectrometry with hydride generation. The results showed that 11% of drillings have an arsenic concentration above the recommended WHO requirements with Rouko commune having the highest rate of high arsenic level (22%).

Natural Resources as a Factor Socioeconomic Development: The Case Northeastern Montenegro

The paper discusses the natural resources of the northeastern of Montenegro as a factor of socio-economic development. Based on the properties of relief, we have selected three relatively homogeneous regions for economic development. Area sub region alluvial plains of rivers, river terraces, lake sediments Berane, Andrijevica and Polimlja Valley has the most favorable conditions for intensive agricultural production, summer tourism, construction and transport development. Diversity and complementarily of water resources is the main characteristic of the considered region, which is of particular importance for the future economic development. In the water resources, we looked at the possibilities of exploiting hydropower, water supply of population and industry, agriculture water supply. Thanks to the geological structure of the valley Berane there are significant reserves of brown coal and lignite (total reserves are 176.231.197 tons). Program development and production of coal in the valley Berane would cause intense regrouping and integration of industrial enterprises and caused the need for capacity expansion (Beran Village, Dolac). In the region, appear to ore metals: lead, zinc, copper, iron and pyrite. From non-metallic mineral resources, occupy their presence and reservoir construction materials: gravel, sand and decorative stone. Agricultural land is an important part of the natural wealth of the region. In the period 1964-2005 in the agricultural land there was a change in the way of exploitation to reduce the area under fields and gardens and pastures and increased the area under orchards and meadows.