Water Sponge Research Articles

Measurement of pollution of water and sediment of the Gharraf River for some heavy elements

Study was conducted to determine, at the beginning of this month, the environmental factors and the original sweat levels of the water and sediments of the Al-Sariq River in Dhi- Qar Governorate, approaching the Al-Jarifik River located within the city of Al-Rifai along the river from November 2023 AD to April 2024 AD. The current study concludes by measuring some physical and chemical gains. Air and water temperature, turbidity, sponge, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and element concentrations: lead, Pb, zinc, Zn, and copper, Cu, in river water and sediments. The following depiction is that the element concentrations follow the following order: zinc < copper < lead, their concentrations in the sediments and their accumulation in them are the following types: zinc < copper < lead. The results showed that the water of the Gharraf River is suitable for human consumption, but the sediment levels were high.

Enhancing the porosity of chitosan sponges with CBD by adding antimicrobial violacein

Given the growing interest in non-toxic materials with good anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial mechanical properties, this work focuses on preparing chitosan sponges with violacein and cannabis oil crosslinked with dialdehyde chitosan. The sponge was tested for its physicochemical and biological properties, presenting a high swelling rate, good thermal stability, and satisfactory mechanical properties. The obtained sponge's water vapor transmission rate was 2101 g/m2/day and is within the recommended values for ideal wound dressings. Notably, adding violacein favorably affected the material's porosity, which is essential for dressing materials. In addition, studies have shown that the designed material interacts with human serum albumin and exhibits good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The antibacterial properties of the prepared biomaterial were assessed using the Microtox test against A. fisherii (Gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (Gram-positive bacterium). The investigated material provides potential therapeutic benefits due to the synergistic action of chitosan, violacein, and cannabis oil so that it could be used as a dressing material. The natural origin of the substances could provide an attractive and sustainable alternative to traditional commercially available dressings.

Penerapan Terapi Water Tepid Sponge Pada Anak untuk Mengatasi Demam di Charitas Hospital Palembang

Fever is a symptom of all types of diseases, both infectious and noninfectious. Fever is also a symptom that often occurs in children. Children's body temperature defenses are still weak so they are very susceptible to infections, fungi and viruses. Fever can endanger a child's safety if treated quickly and appropriately and can cause seizures. Normal body temperature is 36.50C-37.50C. If the body temperature is more than 37.5 then a water tepid sponge compress can be applied. Able to apply a water tepid sponge compress to reduce fever in children. Able to determine body temperature before and after being given a water tepid sponge compress. In this study, a descriptive case study was used, three research subjects who received the fever-reducing drug paracetamol and were given water tepid sponge compress intervention to reduce fever in children. The data collection instrument uses an observation sheet. Based on the results of the study, it showed that children who were given fever-reducing medication and compressed water tepid sponge were used and for the three respondents for three days, the average result on the first day was 1.50C, on the second day the average was 1.50C. .3 0C and on the third day the average was 0.30C. Children who were given fever-reducing medication and given water tepid sponge compresses experienced a decrease in body temperature. Hospitals are expected to maximize the application of warm Tepid Water Sponge compresses to children to treat fever as a non-pharmacological therapy.

Development of an Integrated Urban Flood Model and Its Application in a Concave-Down Overpass Area

Urban floods caused by extreme rainstorm events have increased in recent decades, particularly in concave-down bridge zones. To simulate urban flooding processes accurately, an integrated urban flood model (IUFM) was constructed by coupling a distributed urban surface runoff model based on the cellular automata framework (CA-DUSRM), a widely used pipe convergence module in the storm water management model (SWMM), with an inundation module that describes the overflow expansion process associated with terrain and land-cover. The IUFM was used in a case study of the Anhua Bridge (a typical concave-down overpass) study area in Beijing, China. The spatial-temporal variations in flood depth modeled by the IUFM were verified to be reliable by comparison with actual measurements and other simulations. The validated IUFM was used to obtain temporal variations in flood range, depth, and volume under four rainstorm scenarios (return periods of 3-year, 10-year, 50-year, and 100-year). The results showed that the surface runoff process, overflow from drainage networks, and overflow expansion process could affect the flooding status by changing the composition and spatial configuration of pervious or impervious patches, drainage capacity, and underlying surface characteristics (such as terrain and land-cover). Overall, although the simulation results from the IUFM contain uncertainties from the model structures and inputs, the IUFM is an effective tool that can provide accurate and timely information to prevent and control urban flood disasters and provide decision-making support for long-term storm water management and sponge city construction.

Effectiveness of Tepid Water Sponge With Fever Plaster Compresse on Reducing Body Themperature In Child Patient

Most fevers in children are the result of changes in the heat center (thermoregulation) in the hypothalamus. Fever can be treated pharmacologicially and non-pharmacologically. There are various non-pharmacological therapies, one of which is using tepid water sponge therapy and fever compress plaster fever. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the tepid water sponge on decreasing body temperature, the effectinevess of the fever compress plaster on reducing body temperature and the effectiveness of the tepid water sponge with fever compress plaster on reducing body temperature. The design of this study used a two-group pretest-posttest design aproach, the number of samples was 20 respondents which were divided into10 respondents in the tepid water sponge group and 10 respondents in the fever compress plaster group using the accidental sampling method. Data analysis in this study used paired sample t-test with observation sheet measuring instrument. The result showed a decrease in the average temperature of 0,7°C in the tepid water sponge group and 0,1°C in the fever compress plester group. For the result of analysis in the tepid water sponge group the ƿ value was 0,000 and the t count was 12,124. The fever compress plaster group got ƿ value 0,037 and t count 2, 449. Which means that there was a difference in the decrease in body temperature after the tepid water sponge and compress plaster with a p-value <0.05. Tepid water sponge is more effective in lowering body temperature compared to compress plaster.

Contrasting patterns of decadal stability for shallow water sponge boulder assemblages and subtidal rocky cliffs at Lough Hyne, Ireland

Abstract Lough Hyne (LH) Marine Nature Reserve in Ireland is a globally recognised biodiversity hotspot that hosts mesophotic-like communities in shallow water, however, major changes have occurred to most of the rocky cliff (>6 m) communities in one or more events between 2010 and 2015. To provide insights into these changes, we compared the sponge assemblage composition on the undersides of different sized, shallow (<1 m) subtidal boulders between 2000 and 2022 at two sites in LH. We also measured sponge species richness at seven sites in 2018. We found that unlike earlier reports from the deeper subtidal reef sponge assemblages, there was no evidence for changes in sponge assemblage composition on the undersides of boulders at either site. We also found high levels of sponge species richness at all seven sites sampled in 2018. We did find differences in sponge assemblages between sites and for different boulder sizes, which we propose is a result of site-specific environmental conditions and disturbance and size–area relationships. Since we found no changes in the shallow subtidal sponge assemblages between 2000 and 2022, our results support the hypothesis that changes to the deeper subtidal sponge assemblages at LH are driven by local processes associated with deeper water in LH, potentially related to the seasonal oxythermocline that forms within LH. Given the national and global importance of LH, understanding the drivers of change is critical to determine if management actions can prevent any future alterations to the LH sponge assemblages and support wider mesophotic community management.

Sosialisasi Penanganan Demam Pada Anak Dengan Kompres Metode Tepid Water Sponge

Children under five years of age (toddlers) are a group that is vulnerable to health problems. During the process of growth and development, children often experience illness, especially illnesses caused by infections which are almost always accompanied by fever. Fever is a natural process as the body's defense mechanism against pathogens, but a fever that is too high in children certainly requires appropriate treatment and care because, if the action taken is inappropriate and slow, it can endanger the child's safety and cause other complications such as seizures and decline. awareness. The aim after this health education is to increase parents' knowledge and skills in treating fever using the tepid water sponge method. The method used in this community service activity is active and participatory learning through several stages, namely the preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage with a total of 15 parents participating. The results obtained increased parental knowledge in treating fever using the tepid water sponge method. To health workers, there is a need to provide outreach to parents about treating children with fever using tepid sponge compresses to parents both in the community and hospital settings.

Penerapan Tepid Water Sponge Pada Anak dengan Kejang Demam

Introduction: Febrile seizures are a common condition in children that can cause concern for parents and healthcare professionals. Fever seizures are the brain's response to rapidly rising body temperature. In some cases, febrile seizures can cause a child's body temperature to rise dramatically, increasing the risk of complications. Nursing interventions in febrile seizures are crucial to manage symptoms and prevent complications that may arise. One intervention that can be applied is the use of tepid water sponge. This study aims to implement nursing care in children with a history of febrile seizures. Methods: This study used a case study design with a nursing approach. Study subjects were children with febrile seizures. Data collection uses a pediatric Nursing Care format which includes Assessment, Diagnosis, Intervention, Implementation, and Nursing Evaluation. Results: Based on the assessment, the patient appeared limp, the skin was palpated warm with a body temperature of 37.9'C, nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia, Risk of Injury, Nausea. Planning and implementation are giving tepid water sponge, evaluation shows a decrease in temperature in children. Conclusion: The problem is resolved characterized by a decrease in fever in children and preventing the risks that will occur in pediatric clients with a history of febrile seizures. It is hoped that health workers can improve nursing skills in providing nursing care to pediatric clients with a history of febrile seizures.

Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam

Abstract Plastic, valued for its low cost and durability, is widely used in various aspects of daily life. However, accumulative plastic waste (PW) has emerged as an increasing environmental concern that causes a negative impact on both public well-being and marine biodiversity. Studies on marine PW have focused primarily on the number of PW items collected without considering its accumulation in coastal areas. Hence, this study aims to address this gap by meticulously examining the mass and constitution of macro PW in the summertime mangrove ecosystems of Hau Loc, Cat Ba, and Nha Trang. This study revealed that the average densities of PW collected in Hau Loc, Cat Ba, and Nha Trang mangrove forests were 0.93, 0.23, and 0.18 items·m−2 in the morning collection, whereas the afternoon collection showed slightly lower densities of 0.31, 0.12, and 0.14 items·m−2 for the same locations. Although all PWs in the standard plots were collected in the morning, PWs were present in the afternoon after the rising tide. This initially proves that tide is one of the reasons for increasing the presence of PW in mangroves. The most common types of PWs collected included water bottles, plastic bags, ropes, freight lines, fishing nets, and sponge floats. When assessing the PW composition based on mass, low-density polyethylene was the dominant PW category in Hau Loc with 5.97 g·m−2. In Cat Ba, polypropylene was the highest with 11.87 g·m−2, while polyethylene terephthalate was the highest with 0.9 g·m−2 in Nha Trang during the morning sampling. The “Others” type of PW was not present in any of the three locations. This study provides useful information that can be a foundation for future studies to analyze the relationship between socio-economic activities and the presence of PW in mangroves. Additionally, they hold the potential to guide the formulation of targeted strategies aimed at curbing plastic pollution within Vietnam’s coastal regions.

Deep Water Polymastiidae (Porifera, Polymastiida) from the South West Pacific.

This study reports on some deep water sponges in the family Polymastiidae collected during the 2017 Abyss Cruise off the East Coast of Australia and the 2003 NORFANZ Expedition to the Lord Howe and Norfolk Ridges in the Tasman Sea, Southwest Pacific Ocean. Species of Radiella, Spinularia, Ridleia, Tentorium and Polymastia were collected from abyssal and bathyal depths. From these collections, seven new species were discovered: Radiella nidula sp. nov., Radiella pumix sp. nov., Radiella sclera sp. nov., Spinularia flagellata sp. nov., Tentorium labium sp. nov., Ridleia echidna sp. nov. and Polymastia norfanzii sp. nov. In addition, two species previously known are redescribed based on the new collections: viz. Polymastia zitteli and Polymastia invaginata.

Analysis of water resource ecological optimization and obstacles based on the water resources – socio – economic – ecological environment model framework – a case study of the core area of the Central Plains urban agglomeration

The ecological health level of water resources plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable development in society. This study focuses on the core area of the Central Plains urban agglomeration. A comprehensive evaluation system, based on the Water Resources - Socio-Economic - Ecological Environment model framework, was constructed, incorporating 22 evaluation indicators in the indicator layer. Using an improved entropy weighting method combined with the ITOPSIS model, the water ecological health level in the study area from 2013 to 2022 was evaluated, and corresponding measures were proposed based on the evaluation results. Furthermore, the Barrier Degree model was applied to identify the eight major hindering factors influencing the water resource ecological environment in the research area. The results show that: The overall water resource ecological health level in the core area of the Central Plains urban agglomeration from 2013 to 2022 showed a generally improving trend. The eight major hindering factors indicate that cities should focus on green urban development while promoting the construction of smart water management systems and sponge cities.

Facile fabrication of robust superhydrophobic polyurethane sponge modified with polydopamine- silica nanoparticle for effective oil/water separation

Porous superhydrophobic materials with high mechanical stability have a significant amount of potential for oil-water separation in practice. In this study, a superhydrophobic material with strong hydrophobic coating adhesion was developed using a polyurethane sponge. The interior and exterior surfaces of the porous polyurethane material were coated using a two-step technique. The sponge was treated with poly (dopamine) to modify its skeleton, allowing the second layer to adhere readily. The second layer of silica applied to the surface of the sponge functions as a superhydrophobic layer. The modified sponge's water contact angle was approximately 156.2° ± 5°, compared to 78° ±2° for the original sponge, demonstrating its superhydrophobic nature. The fabricated sponge is capable of separating and absorbing 43.3–51 times of its initial mass from an oil-water mixture, depending on the type of oil used in the test. Fifteen cycles of oil-water separation were followed by chemical cleaning of the hydrophobic sponge. After undergoing these cycles, the hydrophobic nature and absorption capacity of the produced sponge were preserved. Over a broad pH range, the hydrophobicity of the superhydrophobic sponge was studied, and the results indicated that hydrophobicity was substantially maintained even under harsh pH operating conditions. The water contact angle of the sponge was measured to be 145° ± 1° and 140° ± 1°, respectively, after 12 h of immersion in strong acids and bases.

Penerapan Aroma Therapy Bunga (rose centifolia) dan Pijat Bayi Terhadap Durasi Tidur Bayi Usia 3-12 Bulan di RSUD Poso

Introduction: The impact of sleep disturbances in infants is that the baby becomes often awake and fussy. The importance of sleep time in infants, then the duration of sleep in infants must be completely fulfilled so as not to adversely affect their development. One of the nursing interventions to treat sleep disorders in infants is massage and rose aroma therapy. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of nursing care with massage interventions and rose aroma therapy to increase infant sleep duration. Method : Descriptive research methods with a case study approach. Results : the patient's mother said her child had a cough with phlegm, fever for 3 days, the patient was fussy and restless, the patient slept only ± 8 hours a day, the patient often woke up at night due to coughing, the patient was difficult to sleep well, the patient's face looked pale, often seen yawning, temperature: 38.9 ° C RR 46x / min, pulse 120x / min, there are additional ronchi breath sounds, nursing diagnosis of airway clearance, hyperthermia, sleep pattern disorders. Nursing interventions for airway management, warm compresses, massage therapy and aromatherapy. Implementation of chest physiotherapy measures as well as giving 1ml combiven nebulizer + 2ml Nacl and suctioning. Giving tepid water sponge, doing baby massage and giving rose aroma therapy. The results of the evaluation of the patient's sleep increased from 8 hours to 12 hours a day, the patient was calm, the patient woke up at night only asking for milk and after waking up the patient could fall asleep again, coughing with phlegm was reduced, vesicular breath sounds, temperature: 37°C, RR: 38x/min. Conclusion: giving baby massage and rose aroma therapy can increase the duration of infant sleep. nurses can provide baby massage combined with rose aroma therapy to increase the duration of infant sleep.

Health Education About Tepid Water Sponge Efforts to Increase Family Knowledge and Skills in Handling Fever

Fever is a condition of an increase in body temperature above normal. Parents, especially mothers, have an important role in dealing with children with fever, however, not many mothers have the knowledge and skills in early handling of fever, one of which is the tepid water sponge. The purpose of this study is to provide health education about handling fever using the tepid water sponge method.This research with pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest). The sample in this study amounted to 30 mothers who have children aged 1-5 years and registered at the Posyandu Bantarkawung Village. Bumiayu District, Brebes Regency. Samples were taken by total sampling technique. Collecting data using a questionnaire sheet for the level of knowledge and observation sheets for skills. Data analysis using paired sample t test. The results showed that the skills before health education were 28 (93.3%) lacking in skills and decreased to 14 people (46.7%) after the intervention. The level of lack of knowledge was 14 (46.7%) and decreased to 5 (16.7%) after the health education intervention. There is a relationship between health education about the tepid water sponge on knowledge and skills in handling fever in the family (p value 0.000). Good public understanding is needed, how to deal with fever in the family through health education.

EFFECT OF TEPID SPONGE ON CHANGES IN BODY TEMPERATUR IN CHILDREN

Introduction: Fever is a state of body temperature above normal as a result of an increase in temperature control in the hypothalamus. Most children have fever due to thermoregulation in the hypothalamus. The purpose of literature review is to explore the effect of giving a water tepid sponge on reducing fever in children. Method: This study uses the literature review with article searches conducted on the electronic databases of Science Direct, Garuda and Google Schoolar. There were 543 articles on Science Direct, Garuda and Google Schoolar but only 10 articles that met all the inclusion criteria and were reviewed Results: There is an effect on reducing fever in children by using a water tepid sponge. Conclusion: Based on the results of a review of 10 literatures on reviewedthe characteristics of study respondents aged 1-12 years. Respondents who experienced hyperthermia/increased body temperature there was an influence of changes/decreased body temperature by giving water tepid sponge an averagerepeatedly so that the body temperature becomes 100% normal. The average temperature of children with fever in the 10 literatures is 38.5°C, the result with p value = 0.001 on the tepid water sponge which means that there is an effect of decreasing body temperature with the action of the water tepid sponge.

The Economic Value of Water Ecology in Sponge City Construction Based on a Ternary Interactive System.

Ecological water resources occupy a vital position in the national economy; without sufficient ecological water resources, the construction and economic development of sponge cities would be seriously restricted. Appropriately, the Chinese government proposed that sponge city planning should be carried out in accordance with the number of available ecological water resources. The government therefore put forward the method of conservation and intensification to solve the problem of water shortage. This paper highlights the interactions between ecological water resources, sponge cities, and economic development in northern China, starting with the interaction and mechanism of action that concerns ecological water resource utilization, sponge cities, and economic development. In the empirical test, the dynamic changes of the three indicators were analyzed empirically using the panel data vector autoregression method, and the dynamic relationship of each factor was measured using generalized moment estimation. It was found that ecological water resources are a key factor in promoting regional economic development, and the relationship between ecological water resources and sponge cities is both supportive and constraining; therefore, the constraints that ecological water resources place on sponge cities also indirectly affects economic development. To disconnect the use of water and ecological resources from economic development, it is necessary to note the following: the feedback effect of economic development and the resolution of the contradiction between sponge cities, water, and ecological resource use.

Spatio-temporal patterns of sponge strandings in the southern Gulf of Mexico: The role of cold front events

Remnants of marine invertebrates are common in the wrack line of the coasts of many regions worldwide. However, little is known about its spatial and temporal variation. This study aimed to investigate the inter-site and intra-annual variability in species composition, abundance, and biomass of sponge strandings on the coast of a southern Gulf of Mexico tropical island. The environmental factors (oceanographic and meteorological) influencing such spatio-temporal variations on abundance and biomass of sponge strandings were also investigated. From a total of 21 demosponge species identified, three species of genus Clathria (with erect growth forms and a small basal area) were dominant in terms of abundance (93%) and biomass (89%). Both, the monthly average abundance and biomass varied significantly throughout the year, with maximum peaks during the cold fronts season. Only in the case of abundance, a combination of four predictor variables (wind speed, wave height, frequency of southeast winds, and frequency of north winds) explained 84.2% of its intra-annual variability. Results also showed that cold fronts (especially the stronger ones), aside from cyclonic events, can act as disruptive events regulating sponge populations in the coastal zone. Regarding the spatial variability, it was attributed to inter-site differences in the degree of exposure to hydrodynamic forces and the type of substrate. This study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of sponge species in this coastal region of the Gulf of Mexico and demonstrates that large-scale seasonal events such as cold fronts can influence their temporal dynamics. • Sponge strandings varied spatio-temporally and erect growth forms were dominant. • Sponge strandings were more abundant during the cold fronts season. • Cold fronts act as disruptive events regulating shallow water sponge populations.

Aquatic Insects in Habitat-Forming Sponges: The Case of the Lower Mekong and Conservation Perspectives in a Global Context

Shallow water sponges settled on a raft along the Pong River (Lower Mekong Basin, Thailand) were investigated to highlight the taxonomic richness, composition, relative abundance and lifestyle of sponge-dwelling aquatic Insecta. The three-dimensional biogenic structures of the model sponges hosted 4 orders of Insecta, belonging to 10 families and 19 genera/species, able to strictly coexist at the level of the sponges in aquiferous canals and/or at the body surface, and/or dwelling in the extracellular matrix. On the basis of the identified 379 larvae and pupae, Trichoptera and Diptera were found to be the dominant inhabitants of Corvospongilla siamensis (Demospongiae: Spongillida), endemic to Southeast Asia. In the focused lotic ecosystem, dominated by soft bottoms, sponges play a functional role. Insecta use sponges as a substratum, nursery ground, food source, and shelter microhabitat, protecting them from predation and environmental aggression. Moreover, their feeding behavior indicates the insects’ adaptive traits to recycle sponge siliceous spicules as a source of exogenous material to strengthen the larval–pupal cases and the digestive system. The results of the Thai sponge model contribute to the inventory of global engineering species richness, ecosystem types, and biogeographic diversity, thus raising awareness for freshwater biodiversity conservation. In this regard, the present data, along with the worldwide inventory, focus on sponges as (a) key habitat-forming species for aquatic insect assemblages, (b) ecosystem engineers in river/lake/wetland ecosystems, providing water purification, the processing of organic matter, recycling of nutrients, and freshwater–terrestrial coupling, and (c) promising candidates in restoration projects of tropical freshwater ecosystems by bioremediation.

Determination of Endangered Freshwater Fishes: Can Value Be Estimated?

The determination of endangered species is problematic. If one considers a species to be ontological individuals, then if a species goes extinct, it is gone forever. The Brook Trout is used as an example of a “species” which may be comprised of several unique entities that warrant a specific status. In addition to determining the specific status, it is difficult to determine how to place a monetary value on endangered species that do not have a general appeal to the public (e.g., many bird species), a commercial value, no known medical properties (e.g., deep water sponges vs. cancer), or generate monies for recreation. Perhaps if we could identify the unique information carried by a particular species, we could place a value on that information and assess the monetary value of the information lost.

PHYLOGENY OF ENDEMIC MARINE SPONGE HYATTELLA INTESTINALIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ASSOCIATED BACTERIA

Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the diversity of culturable bacteria associated with marine water sponges. Methods: The marine sponge of Hyattella intestinalis was collected from Sethubavachatram, a village panchayat in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu state, India. One gram of the sponge sample was cut into small pieces and serially diluted. spread on Zobell 2216E marine agar medium and incubated at room temperate (RT, 24±2oC) for 48 h. Based on morphological features, colonies were randomly picked and purified using streak plates. The linked bacteria strains were given names based on the initials of the sponge from which they were recovered. Results: The HIB1, HIB2, and HIB3 were isolated from Hyattella intestinalis. Among the three, HIB1 colonies were found dominant, and further, the biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequence was studied. It revealed that the marine sponge Lysinibacillus sp. associated bacteria with HIB1 code. Conclusion: The HIB1 was closely related to Lysinibacillus macroides with 97.81% homology. The NCBI accession number was MZ695813.