Water Resources Agency Research Articles

Water Level Classification for Detect Flood Disaster Status Using KNN and SVM

Flooding occurs when the water's surface elevation exceeds the average level, overflowing river water and creating inundation in low-lying areas. Early warning for potential floods significantly reduces losses, such as human casualties and property damage. In this context, the flood disaster classification system uses water surface elevation data from the Water Resources Agency to predict the likelihood of floods using the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Algorithm. This research aims to classify flood status based on water surface elevation using the K-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine(SVM) methods in the Ciliwung River. The study results indicate that the SVM algorithm outperforms the KNN algorithm. The SVM algorithm used parameter C ranging from 1 to 10 in the scenarios, and the RBF kernel achieved 100% accuracy. On the other hand, the KNN algorithm achieved 100% accuracy only for K values of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 in scenarios where K ranged from 1 to 10.

Conflict analysis of multiple decision-makers ecological environment governance of water resources based on graph model with heterogeneous preference in China's South-to-North water transfer project

Ecological environment governance of water resources is the foundation and key measures to ensure good water quality in China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project. However, as a limited rational economic person, considering their economic benefit, different involvers in China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project show different types of preference relations and make different action decisions as well as play conflicts with each other, which have a negative effect on ecological environmental governance. To overcome above-described shortcomings, heterogeneous preferences are integrated into graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) to resolve ecological environment governance conflict of water resources. Specifically, first, four different structures of preference expression, including preference orderings, utility functions, multiplicative preferences, and additive preferences, are used to represent decision-maker's (DM's) preference information over states. Then, a novel preference ranking method is designed to calculate the ordinal preferences over all states by using matrix representation. Based on this, a set of heterogeneous stability definitions is proposed in GMCR to describe human diversified choice and behavior in detail, and it is applied to the ecological environment governance conflict of water resources in China's South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The heterogeneous stability analysis result showed that incentive policies used by water resources agencies can effectively encourage local governments and enterprises to actively participate in the ecological environment governance, and promote the ecological environment governance conflict to evolve into a state of equilibrium.

Environmental risks assessment of the Kogylnyk River nutrient pollution based on probit functions

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to determine the risks of high and catastrophic levels of water pollution of the Kogylnyk River. The water quality of this river affects the environmental condition of the northern part of Sasyk lake and reservoir. This artificial reservoir that was created as part of the estuary used to be one of components of the Danube-Dniester irrigation system in the past and can be used for irrigation in the post-war period in the future. As the North-Western Black Sea region is an agricultural region of Ukraine, the article focuses on the pollution of the river by specific nutrients (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate). The subject of the study covers the environmental risks assessment of the Kogylnyk River present-day pollution. Hydrochemical observations of the State Water Resources Agency of Ukraine were used as input materials of the research. Such observations were carried out across the upper (below the border with the Republic of Moldova) and lower sections of the river. The number of samples taken in the upper section was 80, and 56 – in the lower section. Water quality was assessed using a modified water pollution index (WPI). The risks of nutrient pollution were evaluated based on a statistical approach using a probit function. It was found that the water quality in the upper section is worse than the one in the lower section. The research indicated a close correspondence between water quality indicators and environmental risk values. In the upper section, the risks of catastrophic pollution have a probability of their occurrence that is equal to 46.1%, and the risks of high pollution – 41.1%, with 87.2% constituting a total percentage. In the lower section, the probability of a high level pollution risk is equal to 33.3%, with no critical risk identified during the observation period. The trophic status of the water body along the river length varies from hypertrophic and polytrophic on the upper course to eutrophic and mesotrophic on the lower course. The decrease in pollution levels in the river's lower section is due to the processes of biological, physical and chemical self-purification of the aquatic ecosystem. Since nutrients have a predominantly anthropogenic origin, the water quality improvement of the Kogylnyk River across the territory of Ukraine is associated with the reduced flow of municipal and agricultural wastewater entering the river. Nutrient pollution requires implementation of additional measures such as improving the culture of farming taking place in the catchment area (for example, during conservation of fertilizers and their application).

The impact of full-scale armed conflict on water bodies as water supply sources

Water resources are the basic component of sustainable development of the country. Water resources are unevenly distributed across the territory of Ukraine, most settlements and enterprises located in the northern, eastern and southern regions use surface water for water supply. The armed conflict on the territory of Ukraine directly and indirectly affects the state of water bodies, as well as the provision of basic human needs - clean drinking water. With the beginning of conflict on the territory of Ukraine in 2014, water resources regularly suffer from russian terrorist actions. The aggressor uses water resources as natural obstacles, uses the destructive effect of water to kill Ukrainians and cause maximum damage to Ukrainian economy. Also, the destruction of the water treatment and water supply system is used by russian troops as a means of pressure creating water scarcity and terrible sanitary conditions in populated areas. The impact on water resources during armed conflicts in different parts of the world have common features and significant features depending on the level of the conflict and the technology of the water supply system itself. First of all, the impact of armed conflicts on water resources is direct and indirect. The direct impact on water resources as water sources is the direct destruction of water reservoirs, water intake structures and water pipes, contamination of water bodies with the remains of sunken military equipment, mines and chemicals released into the water during the decomposition of weapons. Indirect impact on water sources is in some cases more threatening than direct. The destruction of containers with oil products, chemical substances, fertilizers, which with rainwater or directly fall into water bodies, has much greater damage than the direct impact of sunk military equipment. Forest and meadows fires and other surface cover damages lead to the reduction of the lag time to the river on the catchment area, floods increasing, flooding of larger areas, increasing amount of litter, chemical pollution, and plastics in the rivers. In most of the military conflicts described in the literature, a significant deterioration of water quality in rivers is noted, associated with the discharge of both domestic and industrial wastewater. There is the destruction of wastewater treatment plants, the inability to deliver chemicals for treatment, the inability to control unauthorized discharges of wastewater leads to the contamination of the surface water sources. The report analyses the results of surface water quality researches which officially published by the Water Resources Agency of Ukraine and other governmental and scientific organizations. Monitoring of the surface water quality is carried out on the controlled part of the Ukraine, it is not yet possible to assess the consequences of armed conflict and russian activities on the captured territories.

Analysis of Time Series Water Level Data Prediction Using Deep Learning Method at the Water Gate of DKI Jakarta Water Resources Office

Indonesia has 2 seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. During the rainy season, many points in the DKI Jakarta area experience flooding or inundation. The reason why Jakarta often experiences flooding is caused by several factors, including local rain floods, shipment floods and tidal floods. The DKI Jakarta Water Resources Agency currently does not have a system that can predict future water levels by referring to past and present water level data. Through this background, the author tries to conduct research in one of the floodgates in the northern area of DKI Jakarta in predicting water levels using deep learning methods , namely Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM). The purpose of this research is to analyze the best deep learning models and predict water level time series data. From the results of the analysis carried out, the best deep learning model is Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) using several tests such as n-input, split data with a composition of 90.33% train data and 9.67% test data , as well as testing of different parameters including epoch, batch size, learning rate, dropout , so the results obtained are the lowest error values with RMSE (17.65), MAPE (0.29), MAE (3.37) and the time needed in the process (runtime) is 39 minutes

Safe Groundwater Level Estimation in Pingtung Plain, Taiwan

The groundwater resources in the Pingtung Plain are crucial water sources in southern Taiwan. However, they have been significantly impacted by climate change, resulting in changes in groundwater quality and quantity in the region. To effectively manage groundwater extraction, this study utilized runs theory to analyze the safe groundwater levels at six groundwater level observation stations located in the proximal fan, mid fan, and distal fan areas of the Pingtung Plain. The methodology involved dividing the range between the maximum and minimum groundwater levels at each station into 20 equal intervals. The groundwater levels were then sorted in ascending order, and the cumulative frequency percentiles of groundwater levels in each interval were calculated to determine the truncation levels for runs theory. Subsequently, the groundwater over-extraction duration and severity were computed. By comparing the results with the groundwater management levels set by the Water Resources Agency of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, it was found that the safe groundwater levels in the proximal fan and distal fan areas were the average of observation data plus 0.5 times the standard deviation. The over-withdrawn duration for these areas was approximately 8 to 10 months and 8 months, respectively. In the mid fan area, the safe groundwater level was based on the average of observation data, and the over-withdrawn duration ranged from 6 to 9 months.

Research and Analysis of Promotional Policies for Small Hydropower Generation in Taiwan

To achieve the net zero emission target by 2050, Taiwan is committed to promoting solar photovoltaic and offshore wind power. However, in order to ensure the stable supply of renewable energy, it should actively develop low-cost and mature base load renewable energy sources, such as small hydropower. By the end of 2021, Taiwan’s hydropower (excluding pumped storage hydropower) had a total installed capacity of 2094 MW, accounting for 18.6% of the overall renewable energy ratio, with an average growth rate of 0.05% from 2016 to 2021. It is mainly limited by the need for low environmental and ecological impact, so it is relatively difficult to install large-scale hydropower; therefore, Taiwan has turned to the development of environmentally friendly small hydropower generation. In order to actively develop small hydropower generation and resolve development concerns, Taiwan has established a “Small Hydropower and Renewable Energy Development Strategy Platform”. The current effective cases are mostly in the fields of the Taiwan Power Company, Water Resources Agency, and Council of Agriculture. The private sector has not yet shown its investment in the field. The reasons for this can be summarized as cumbersome administrative procedures, regulatory restrictions, insufficient economic incentives, and lack of technical capacity. The higher-level supervision mechanisms (such as the Executive Yuan level) are also the main key to whether small hydropower can be quickly promoted. In view of this, this study analyzes the current situation and policies to promote small hydropower generation policy recommendations through a literature review and comparison of international promotion experience. Some recommendations have also been incorporated into the newly revised Renewable Energy Development Act in 2023, such as relaxing the definition of small hydropower generation and incorporating water conservancy construction facilities that can be combined with power generation to improve site diversification. Other suggestions mentioned in the text can also be used as a reference for subsequent policy promotion in the future.

Reclaimed water in Taiwan: current status and future prospects

According to the Taiwan Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, the average water demand shortage is 530.6 million m3 yr−1 during the period of 2011 to 2019, and the situation will worsen in the near future due to global climate change. Therefore, reclaimed water has been an important new water source in Taiwan, particularly for industrial consumers such as high-tech industries in Science Parks. In order to meet the targeted reclaimed water supply of 1.32 million m3 d−1 (CMD) in 2031, Taiwan is focusing on two major reclaimed water sources, including reclaimed water from high water-consuming industries and municipal wastewater treatment plants. This report reviews current technologies used for reclaimed water including units for pretreatment, desalting, polishing, and reclamation. Case studies in Taiwan including reclaimed water from high water-consuming industries such as thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) and semiconductor industries, as well as from municipal wastewater treatment plants are presented. The TFT-LCD company Innolux and semiconductor company Advaned Semiconductor Engineering have implemented total recycled water system to recycle and reclaim wastewater from manufacturing processes, achieving a total recycled water of 290 million m3 yr−1 with about 97% recovery and 3.5 million m3 yr−1 with 80% recovery, respectively. The Fengshan reclaimed water treatment plant produces 40,436 CMD reclaimed water from municipal wastewater for the China Steel Cooperation’s steel-making processes, at an overall operation and maintenance cost of 11.5 NT dollars m−3. Meanwhile the Yongkang plant produces 15,500 CMD of reclaimed water for semiconductor and TFT-LCD manufacturing processes at an overall operation and maintenance costs of 25.8 NT dollars m−3, which is due to low urea and boron limits requested by the user. Finally, challenges and future prospects for promoting the use of reclaimed water to meet the targeted supply in 2031 will be discussed.

Quantification of solid particle transport in suspension in a stream: Case of Wadi Zeddine Ain-Defla, Algeria

Arid and semi-arid areas are characterised by differentiation in meteorological conditions. Sometimes the rains are rare and not very intense and at other times they are dense and very intense, resulting in torrents that often lead to strong soil erosion. Most of the time, the losses occur at the solids level because the erosion effect is too high. In this study, we want to evaluate the transfer of solid sediments as a function of liquid transport in the basin of Wadi Zeddine at Ain Defla in Algeria. To understand this phenomenon, we used the data of liquid flows ( Ql, m 3∙s –1) and concentration of suspended sediments ( C, g∙dm –3), transported in the river, the data collected by the NWRA (National Water Resources Agency), over 24 years have been used to find a relationship between these two quantities, to estimate the quantity of solid transport Qs (kg∙s –1) in the watercourse of the catchment area studied. The results obtained show a good correlation between solid and liquid flows, with a correlation coefficient estimated at 90%, and the average annual sediment supply recorded at the outlet of the Wadi Zeddine watershed is estimated at around 88,048 Mg, which corresponds to 202 Mg∙km –2∙y –1/ erosion rate. This value is comparable to those found in other regions with similar hydrological regimes.

Simulation of Rainfall-Runoff process using SWAT model in Bouhamdane watershed, Algeria

The current research examines the runoff response in the Bouhamdane watershed in Algeria using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The SWAT model is applied for the Bouhamane watershed, which includes three sub-watersheds and 45 Hydraulic Response Units (HRUs). To assess the ability and effectiveness of the model, one-gauge station in the basin (sabat) was chosen. Monthly discharge flow data are sourced from Algeria's National Water Resources Agency (NWRA). The soil and water assessment tool calibration uncertainty programs (SWAT-CUPs) with the sequential uncertainty fitting (SUFI 2) algorithm were used to calibrate and validate the model. The model was run from 1985 to 2004, with a calibration period between 1985 and 1994 and a validation period between 1995 and 2005. The model's runoff simulation efficiency has been improved by adjusting watershed input parameters. The SWAT model's performance was assessed statistically (coefficient of determination [R2], Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient [NSE], and Percent BIAS [PBIAS]). The monthly calibration R2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.89, 0.68, and 43, respectively, and the monthly validation R2, NSE, and PBIAS were 0.78, 0.76, and 10.4, respectively. These results support that the SWAT model is an effective tool for simulating the surface runoff of the Bouhamdane watershed.

Impact of Dense Networks of Reservoirs on Streamflows at Dryland Catchments

Small reservoirs play an important role in providing water to rural communities. Increased construction of small reservoirs to mitigate the effects of droughts leads to a High-density Reservoirs Network (HdRN) of small reservoirs, which can potentially modify the streamflows both in dry and wet periods. However, there is a lack of understanding of the interannual behavior of flow retention and the impact of future increases in the number of small reservoirs, mainly for HdRN in dryland catchments. This research aims to determine the possible impact of the increase in the number of small reservoirs on dry hydrological networks, evaluating the annual flows generated at the outlet of a dryland watershed for scenarios with different densities of small reservoirs (number of reservoirs per area). The study area was the Conceição river catchment (3347 km2) in the semiarid of Brazil. The hydrological model of the study area was developed in SWAT. The model obtained appropriate results for daily streamflows, with values of 0.63, 0.81, and 0.53% for NSE, KGE, and PBIAS, respectively. The current density of small reservoirs in the region was estimated at 0.068 reservoirs per square kilometer (res/km2). Eight expansion scenarios were defined for densities between 0.1 res/km2 and 3.0 res/km2. The results showed that the influence of the HdRN on runoff reduction mostly occurs for a probability of exceedance between 1% and 10% of month flows and is very small for months with very high peaks of flow. The reduction in the outlet flow due to the increase in the number of small reservoirs was stronger during dry years (up to 30%) than during wet years (up to 8%), and it tended to increase in years with a consecutive lack of rain (from about 7% in the first year to about 20% in the last year and in the worst scenario), which may intensify the period of extended droughts. This research provides insights about the impact of the increase in the number of small reservoirs on the interannual variability of flow retention, and the understanding of the influence of small reservoirs on runoff reduction may help water resources agencies better prepare for hydrologic extremes (droughts and floods).

The 5th Indonesian Society of Limnology (MLI) Congress and International Conference 2021

The 5th Indonesian Society of Limnology (MLI) Congress and International Conference 2021 is a biannual conference organized by the Indonesian Society of Limnology, with the theme is “Building synergies towards sustainable use of inland waters.” This year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we hold the event virtually from 2nd to 3rd December. The objectives of this event are to (1) Connect, discuss, share and create a mutual network among communities from different backgrounds who are interested in inland waters ecosystem; (2) Disseminate science & technology and lessen the gap between scientific and common communities through fruitful discussion settings; (3) Underpin sustainable use and management of inland aquatic ecosystems.There were four keynotes speakers, four invited speakers, and 66 general presenters in the conference sessions. In total, 116 participants were registered and joined the conference. The first keynote speaker was Prof. Dr. Gadis Sri Haryani from the Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Indonesia, who presented research about Migratory freshwater fish in Indonesia: Threats and conservation efforts. The second presenter was Dr. Robert Walsh from the Australian Water Life, Australia, who presented research about Discover the world of Micro-invertebrates. The third keynote speaker was Dr. Khamla Inkhavilay from the National University of Laos, Lao PDR, who presented Persistent Organic Pollutants in Wetland of Mekong Basin. The fourth speaker was Dr. Kwanraree Joy Sirikanchana from the Chulabhorn Research Institute, Thailand, who presented Microbial Source Tracking and Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment for Sustainable Water Pollution Management.In addition, the four invited speakers and 66 general presenters split into four rooms for parallel discussions which covered the latest research on inland water ecosystems, including; (1) Biotic resources, biodiversity, and conservation; (2) System Dynamic of inland waters; (3) Applied technology for the management and pollution control; (4) Modelling, system information, decision support tool, disaster risk reduction; (5) Management, policies, regulation, education, social, economy, and culture.We highly appreciate the generous support from Research Centre for Limnology-BRIN (Indonesia), Australian Water Life (Australia), Chulabhorn Research Institute (Thailand), National University of Laos (Lao PDR), Southeast Asian Limnological Network (SEALnet), Advisory Board, Steering and Organizing committee and all presenters and participants.List of Committees, Advisory Board, Steering Committee, Scientific Committee, Organizing Committee, Documentation, all photos are available in this pdf.

Innovations in Sustainable Groundwater and Salinity Management in California’s San Joaquin Valley

The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014 and the Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long-Term Sustainability (CVSALTS) initiative were conceived to reverse years of inaction on the over-pumping of groundwater and salination of rivers that both threaten agricultural sustainability in the State of California. These largely stakeholder-led, innovative policy actions were supported by modern tools of remote sensing and Geographic Information System technology that allowed stakeholders to make adjustments to existing resource management and jurisdictional boundaries to form policy-mandated Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) and Salinity Management Areas (SMAs) to address future management responsibilities. Additional resources mobilized by the California Department of Water Resources (CDWR) and other water resource and water quality management agencies have been effective in encouraging the use of spreadsheet accounting and numerical simulation models to develop robust and coherent quantitative understanding of the current state and likely problems that will be encountered to achieve resource sustainability. This activity has revealed flaws and inconsistencies in the conceptual models underpinning this activity. Two case studies are described that illustrate the disparity in the challenges faced by GSAs in subregions charged with developing consensus-based Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSPs). These case studies also illustrate the unique aspect of SGMA: that alongside mandates and guidelines being imposed statewide, local leadership and advocacy can play an important role in achieving long-term SGMA and CVSALTS goals.

Beach Topography Surveying Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry Technology

The mechanisms of in situ topography changes must be identified for spatial planning in coastal areas. In this study, the authors used in situ direct measurement methods and indirect remote-sensing technologies to develop a method for beach topography surveillance. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have advantages of high portability and mobility and low operating altitude. Therefore, a UAV was equipped with a lightweight camera and a positioning system that comprised a global positioning system and an inertial measurement unit. Aerial photogrammetry and aerial triangu-lation methods were adopted for matching image feature points to obtain the corresponding topographic points in the sand. A virtual base station with real-time kinematic positioning functionality was used to measure the coordinates of the ground control points for correcting the actual coordinates to obtain actual topographic points of the beach sand. The results obtained using image-matching point clouds and direct measurements were compared. The ground sample distance of a UAV at the operational altitude of 70 m was 3.26 cm. Moreover, the average elevation error was 3.20 cm, and the root mean square error was 0.169 m. The measurement error was ±25 cm, which was within the acceptance criteria of±50 cm set by Water Resources Agency, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan. UAV imaging technology can increase the efficiency of conventional manual sampling and reduce the cost of indirect observations, thus minimizing the measurement errors and field measurement costs.

Sedimentation and Longshore Current Simulation with Delft3D Software in Rejoso Shoreline

Rejoso estuary, located 3 kilometers from the center of Pasuruan, has an unstable river mouth that threatens the existence of residents in the surrounding area. During the rainy season, when high discharge in the river meets high tide from the ocean, flooding occured in residential areas located around the coast. It happens due to sediment deposits formed near the sea and ocean current that worsen the backwater. East Java Provincial Water Resources Agency plans to build a jetty in that area to reduce sediment deposition caused by longshore sediment transport and to protect the estuary from ocean currents. This study aims to look at the impact of jetty construction that is affected by wave and current activity by performing numerical modeling with Delft3D software. From the simulation results, jetty reduce the amount of ocean current with the biggest reduction at monitoring point A is 0.299 m/sec (94.05%) and decrease sedimentation with the biggest at monitoring point A by 91.37% in the east side of the estuary. In conditions without a jetty, the shape of the shoreline and the elevation follows the shape of the initial shoreline, while after one year with jetty the sedimentation occurred to the end of it.

Spatio-temporal analysis of nitrates and piezometric levels in groundwater using geostatistical approach: case study of the Eastern Mitidja Plain, North of Algeria

The groundwater quality in the Mitidja plain has known an important deterioration during the last decades due to uncontrolled industrial waste discharges, intensive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture, and an intense exploitation of groundwater resources. In this paper, we are interested in the Eastern part of the Mitidja plain, which covers an area of 495.52 km2. This study area is characterized by its industrial and agricultural vocation, thereby the problem of groundwater pollution. The study will focus on the fluctuation of the groundwater table, and the interpretation of the water quality analysis result made by ANRH (National Water Resources Agency), during the period between 2006 and 2016. The last ones have been geostatistically approached. This allowed us to carry out a GIS-assisted mapping of the nitrate concentrations in the aquifer and to draw up an exhaustive report on the current state of the relationship between the fluctuation of water table and the nitrate concentration rates, also the spatial and temporal evolution of the aquifer. As a result, the geostatistical approach gave us the possibility to draw up Kriging maps of the nitrate level spatial distribution for the two field monitoring campaigns: 2006 and 2016 as well as groundwater fluctuation maps for the periods under consideration. The obtained result reveals that 72% of the sample’s points have nitrate concentrations higher than 50 mg/l in rainy period in the 2 years 2006 and 2016. As for the dry period, the results show that more than 54% in 2006 and more than 81% in 2016 of the water samples analyzed are contaminated (exceeding the WHO’s recommendation). A significant water table drawdown, between 2006 and 2016, is highlighted, which reached an average of around 23 m in low water and 26 m in rainy period (case of drilling F1003). This drop in the water table level can be explained by overexploitation of the groundwater caused by intensive pumping for irrigation, industry, and water supply, due essentially to the increasing scarcity of rainfall, which is a consequence of climate change, which has become increasingly prevalent over the last three decades. Given the upward trend in nitrate levels in recent years, there is a significant risk that nitrate levels will far exceed the 50 mg/l threshold recommended by the WHO in the next 10 years. It is therefore imperative to remedy this through the control of industrial discharges and the extension at the level of the agricultural community regarding the intensive use of chemical fertilizers and (in particular nitrogen) and groundwater (by controlling the pumping).

Identifying critical risk factors and responses of river dredging projects for knowledge management within organisation

AbstractA river exhibits strong upstream erosion and rapid downstream accumulation. Dredging is one of the methods that is most commonly adopted by the Taiwan Water Resources Agency (WRA) to ensure the smooth flow of rivers and their ability to discharge water, protecting lives and property from flood disasters. However, dredging projects are large, involving very many stakeholders, leading to high uncertainty in the implementation of the project. The WRA also lacks relevant risk management methods and countermeasures owing to the periodical brain drain and retirement within the organisation. In order to enhance risk management for dredging engineers, river management offices across the country were visited, and knowledge and experience of dredging engineering were obtained using expert meetings and scientific methods. Work was carried out with the WRA to identify six major risk categories for dredging projects, covering 30 risks. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) questionnaire was developed using the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS), and a Risk Impact/Frequency Analysis (RIFA) questionnaire was developed using the Important/Performance Analysis (IPA) method; these were answered by 69 engineers with experience in river dredging. Finally, critical risk factors are identified and ranked by combining the responses to the questionnaires and in the interviews, helping engineers with risk management in the future. Research results demonstrate that most of the engineering management experience in practice is communicated by word of mouth, with no effective and systematic method of knowledge management. Therefore, a knowledge‐based system is created, covering 170 risk events and solutions for various dredging projects, and a graphical user information system is built in a programming language, to enable the WRA to save engineering experience systematically for future exploitation.

The Effects of Employee Management Information System (SIMPEG), Workplace Environment and Human Resources Quality on Performance through Employee Motivation to Digital System

Human resources with quality and high standard are highly needed in the execution of good government. The working unit of SDA (Water Resources) at Wampu Besitang, Water Resources Agency, and the Public Works and Spatial Planning of North Sumatera Province are expected to be able to carry out various duties in order to realize their plans in development planning programs which are basically conducted participatively, transparently and accountably. The performance that is below expectation is resulted from the duties that are not well accomplished. The objective of this research was to examine and analyze the effects of Employee Management Information System, workplace environmentand human resources quality on performance through employee motivation to digital system. The research problems were whether employee management information system workplace environmentand human resources quality had some effects on performance through employee motivation to Digital System. The population was all employees from either structural or functional levels i.e. 108 employees. The samples consisted of 108 people, selected by saturated sampling technique. This research employed descriptive analytical method. The data were assisted withSmartPLS software. The results demonstrated that employee management information system had positive and significant effects on employee motivation, employee management information system had positive and significant effects on performance, workplace environment did not have any positive and significant effect on employee motivation, workplace environment did not have any positive and significant effect onemployee performance, indicating that workplace environment did not have any significant impacts on improvement of employee motivation, human resources quality had positive and significant effects on employee motivation, human resources quality had positive and significant effects on employee performance, employee motivation had positive and significant effects on employee performance, employee motivation as the intervening variable did not have any positive and significant impacts on the effects of employee management information system on employee performance, employee motivation as the intervening variable did not have any positive and significant impacts on the effects of workplace environment on employee performance, employee motivation as the intervening variable had positive and significant impacts on the effects of human resources quality on employee performance. The research results demonstrated that Q-square was 0.937. It indicated that the variants of the research data that could be explained by the research model was 93,7%, while the rest 6,3% was explained by the other factors that were not included in this research.

Risk-Informed Prediction of Dredging Project Duration Using Stochastic Machine Learning

Dredging engineering projects are complex because they involve greater uncertainty from the natural environment, social needs, government policy and many stakeholders. Engineering companies submit tenders that draw on similar cases undertaken in recent years. However, weather, earthquakes, typhoons and other disasters often change landforms. Therefore, evaluating the duration of dredging projects with reference to only a few previous cases is inadequate, often leading to an unnecessarily long construction duration if the scope of the project is not clearly defined at the early phase. The goal of this investigation aimed to estimate project duration at the beginning of construction and the probability of risk. Evolutionary machine learning was used to build a deterministic model of dredging project duration. Monte Carlo simulation was then utilized to establish the probabilistic distribution of the project duration based on historical patterns. The analytical outputs are displayed through a graphical user interface that provides project coordinators with a means of assessing the uncertainty of project duration in the initial phase of the project. This study will provide a practical reference for contractors and the Water Resources Agency.

IMPROVEMENT OF METHODOLOGY DETERMINATION OF THE QUALITATIVE CONDITION OF THE AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DNIEPER RIVER)

The changes in the ecological state of the water of the Dnieper basin have been analyzed and the possible causes of this phenomenon and the possible ways to improve its ecological status have been identified. Methodology. The analysis was performed taking into account changes in the content of the normalized parameters: sums of anions; dissolved oxygen in water; biochemical oxygen consumption; phosphates, nitrites, nitrates, as well as ammonium. The assessment was carried out using a retrospective analysis of the monitoring data and environmental assessment of Ukraine's water resources by the State Water Resources Agency of Ukraine over the past 10 years. A retrospective analysis was conducted according to the data on the control of water intake on the Dnieper within the Basin Water Resources Management at 14 posts. The analysis was carried out taking into account the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine 4808: 2007. Results. In the future, changing the ecological status of the surface waters of the Dnieper basin in the direction of its improvement cannot happen without the development and implementation of a reliable and effective model for predicting its ecological status. The solution to the complex problem of environmental rehabilitation of the Dnieper basin should be taken to a new level in accordance with fundamental changes in the nature management and economic development strategy of the country and only through the development of a national program of restoration of its ecological status. To date, the only possible solution to the problem of deterioration of the Dnieper's environmental status may be to create effective levers for managing the Basin Directorate, including by improving the methodological basis of its environmental monitoring system. Originality. The study is based on an integrated approach, which includes conducting a retrospective analysis of all available data in the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine, which takes into account the principles of biodiversity conservation, sustainable use of water resources, management and river basins, monitoring and evaluation of information on their status. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the development and implementation of a reliable and effective model for predicting the ecological status of surface waters of the Dnieper basin. References 18, tables 4, figures 9. Keywords: Dnieper basin, ecological status, anthropogenic load, quality assessment, environmental improvement.