Water Quality Monitoring Information Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM IN SHRIMP PONDS BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

This type of research is research and development (R&D) which uses the waterfall development model. The aim of this research is to produce a water quality monitoring system in shrimp ponds based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and to find out the results of testing the development of the system using the ISO 25010 standard. This development involves the application of ESP32, Relay, Toa Siren, DS18b20 Temperature Sensor, pH Sensor Module 4502C, Water Salinity and Turbidity Sensor which allows users to get real-time pond water quality monitoring information via the Telegram application. The test results for the reliability aspect have met the fault tolerance sub-characteristic standards because the percentage of measurement error obtained for the temperature sensor was 0.10%, pH 0.54%, salinity 1.19%, and turbidity 1.00%, still within the permitted tolerance limits. Functionality suitability testing shows that this tool obtains a percentage of 100%, indicating that the system is suitable for use. This tool also meets the portability aspect because it can be used on various devices with different operating systems. Apart from that, the usability evaluation results from user responses are in the very good category with an average of >4.2.

The association between E. coli exceedances in drinking water supplies and healthcare utilisation of older people.

Evidence concerning the effects of indicators of waterborne pathogens on healthcare systems is of importance for policymaking, future infrastructure considerations and healthcare planning. This paper examines the association between the detection of E. coli in water tests associated with drinking water supplies and the use of healthcare services by older people in Ireland. Uniquely, three sources of data are linked to conduct the analysis. Administrative records of E. coli exceedances recorded from routine water quality tests carried out by Ireland's Environmental Protection Agency are first linked to maps of water systems infrastructure in Ireland. Then, residential addresses of participants of The Irish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TILDA), a nationally representative survey of over 50-year-olds in Ireland, are linked to the water systems dataset which has the associated water quality monitoring information. Multivariate regression analysis estimates a greater incident rate ratio (IRR) of General Practitioner (GP) visits in the previous year where E. coli is detected in the water supply associated with an older person's residence (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 1.118; [95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.019-1.227]), controlling for demographic and socio-economic factors, health insurance coverage, health, and health behaviours. Where E. coli is detected in water, a higher IRR is also estimated for visits to an Emergency Department (IRR: 1.292; [95% CI: 0.995-1.679]) and nights spent in hospital (IRR: 1.351 [95% CI: 1.004-1.818]).

Numerical Simulation of Donghu Lake Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Based on Remote Sensing and MIKE 21

Numerical simulation is an important method used in studying the evolution mechanisms of lake water quality. At the same time, lake water quality inversion technology using the characteristics of spatial optical continuity data from remote sensing satellites is constantly improving. It is, however, a research hotspot to combine the spatial and temporal advantages of both methods, in order to develop accurate simulation and prediction technology for lake water quality. This paper takes Donghu Lake in Wuhan as its research area. The spatial data from remote sensing and water quality monitoring information was used to construct a multi-source nonlinear regression fitting model (genetic algorithm (GA)-back propagation (BP) model) to invert the water quality of the lake. Based on the meteorological and hydrological data, as well as basic water quality data, a hydrodynamic model was established by using the MIKE21 model to simulate the evolution rules of water quality in Donghu Lake. Combining the advantages of the two, the best inversion results were used to provide a data supplement for optimization of the water quality simulation process, improving the accuracy and quality of the simulation. The statistical results were compared with water quality simulation results based on the data measured. The results show that the water quality simulation of chlorophyll a and nitrate nitrogen mean square errors fell to 17% and 24%, from 19% and 31% respectively, after optimization using remote sensing spatial information. The model precision was thus improved, and this is consistent with the actual pollution situation of Donghu Lake.

Residential Land Use Change in the Wissahickon Creek Watershed: Profitability and Sustainability?

The Wissahickon Creek Watershed is one of five major watersheds in the Philadelphia metro region. The main objective of the work in this paper was to determine and compare the energy and environmental impacts of placing housing in the Watershed according to profitability and environmental sustainability criteria, respectively, in the context of increasing urbanization. Future population and employment for the Watershed have been projected by the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Housing requirements for the projected populations in each municipality were computed, and their location was influenced by the local zoning ordinances. Suitability analysis using ArcGIS 10.6 generated areas for development based alternatively on profitability and local sustainability. CommunityViz 5.2 Scenario 360 software was used to place buildings within the appropriately-zoned areas. Using Argonne National Laboratory’s Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET1 2018) software and water quality monitoring information from the Philadelphia Water Department, impacts were directly estimated. The impacts were related to effects on ecosystem functioning, ecosystem goods and services, and broad value estimated for the latter. The effects were used to indicate what might be appropriate policies to reduce the negative environmental consequences of residential development in the watershed. Unexpectedly, the environmental impacts of the profitable and sustainable scenarios were not very different. This suggests that profitability and sustainability need not be mutually exclusive.

Evaluation of Water quality in the Tigris River within Baghdad, Iraq using Multivariate Statistical Techniques

This research concentrated on the Tigris River water quality monitoring information. Some multivariate statistical techniques were applied like basic Ingredient (PC) test, discriminant analysis (DA), multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) to evaluate important parameters affecting water quality during year 2017-2018. The study included 25 water quality parameters, viz., Temperature (T), Potential of Hydrogen (pH), Turbidity (Tur), Total Alkaline (TA), Full rigidity (TH), Calcium (Ca+2), Chloride (Cl-1), Magnesium (Mg+2), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sulfate (SO4-2), Total Solids (TS), Suspended Solids (SS), Iron (Fe+2), Fluoride (F-1), Aluminum (Al+3), Nitrite (NO2-1), Nitrate (NO3-1), Silica (SiO2), Phosphate (PO4-3), Ammonia (NH3), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sodium (Na+1), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Generally, all the parameters were within the standards except Tur, TA, Ca+2, EC, SO4-2. The levels of Tur and EC are of critical factors influence upon the Tigris water quality. The PCA identified six principal components responsible for 78.12% of the variation caused by the industrial, domestic, municipal and agricultural runoff pollution sources. DA results produced the eight parameters; T, BOD5, EC, Mg+2, DO, Tur, Na+1, and COD as the most significant parameters differentiating the two parts of the year (the cold and warm seasons). The result of MLRA showed that BOD5, Na+1, T, DO, and PO4-3 are the important dependable factors for predicting the COD value as an indicator of organic and nonorganic pollution. This research demonstrated success importance utilizing Multivariate statistical methods like valuable instrument of administration, control, and preserve the water of the river.

Índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua para consumo humano en zonas urbanas del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia, 2004-2013

Introduction: The quality of water for human consumption is a determining factor in the health conditions of populations. The difference between preventing and transmitting waterborne diseases depends on several factors, such as the quality and continuity of the water supply service. Objective: To determine the performance of the índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua (water quality risk index, irca) for human consumption in urban areas of the department of Boyacá from 2004 to 2013. Methodology: Descriptive study. 122 aqueducts of the urban zones of the municipalities of the Boyacá department were included in the irca evaluation. The sample was taken according to established regulations and for this, technicians were trained in environmental sanitation. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, visible color, turbidity, pH and free residual chlorine). The variables analyzed were recorded in the water quality monitoring information system for human consumption (sivicap, as per its Spanish acronym). Statistical analysis of central trend measures and averages was also performed. Results: In 2004, in 122 municipalities of Boyacá, 77% had an irca at high risk and 23% at medium risk. Over time, there has been a decrease in the level of risk, 3% had high risk, 14% medium risk, 29% low risk and 54% were without risk in 2013. Conclusions: In the period studied in the department of Boyacá, the irca showed a tendency to decrease, going from high risk to low risk, possibly due to the implementation and intensification of environmental health surveillance actions carried out by the department’s Ministry of Health, such as health inspection visits, verification of good health practices, personalized training for treatment plant operators and permanent monitoring.

Performance Evaluation of Existing Community Level Arsenic Removal Plants for Arsenic Free Drinking Water Supply in Jessore and Jhenidah Districts of Bangladesh

The use of groundwater as drinking water in Bangladesh is favoured by its easy availability, microbial safety and absence of proper infrastructure for treatment and distribution of surface water. As a result, millions of people are affected by widespread arsenic poisoning through drinking water drawn from underground sources containing arsenic at concentrations well above the permissible limit of 50µg/L. Since 2000, hundreds of community level arsenic removal plants have been installed in the south-west region of Bangladesh. However, the performance of the plants over time is hindered by lack of information due to the absence of long term water quality monitoring information. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of existing community level arsenic removal plants. In this study, we selected five arsenic removal plants (four plants were Arsenic Iron Removal Plant, namely AIRP; and one Granular Ferric Hydroxide Based Arsenic Removal Unit, namely SIDKO) located in Jessore and Jhenidah district. All AIRPs and SIDKO achieved the Bangladesh standard for arsenic in drinking water of 50µg/L. The AIRPs removed 64% of influent arsenic on average. However, the SIDKO removed 80 % of influent arsenic. Treated water quality parameter (such as pH, EC, TDS, PO43-, As, NO3-) of the plants were within the WHO standards, except NH3 (0.01-1.89 mg/L) and Fe++ (1.0 – 1.21 mg/L) for long term uses.

Towards an Information System of Modeling and Monitoring of Cikapundung River, Bandung, Indonesia

Growing recognition of the need for water safety makes river water quality monitoring information and modelling usage more important to be accessed by many stakeholders. Cikapundung River which is located in the heart of Bandung City has its water for many purposes. In the other hand, the water of this river suffers as a result of wastes disposal from existing activities on its banks. Several agencies conduct regular monitoring, both discharge and water quality of this river. However, the monitoring results are not published openly. The data can only be obtained by visiting the monitoring agency. This procedure may result a non-optimal usage of the data, and can even be harmful when unsafe water is used for consumption need. An information system of monitoring data and modelling of Cikapundung River water quality is proposed to improve the method of data publication. Modelling of Cikapundung River water quality is also developed to have simple software for DO and BOD calculation simulation. The modelling is using Streeter-Phelps equation for DO calculation and first-order reaction of Phelps law for BOD calculation. The deoxygenation rates used in the software were obtained from the laboratory experiments, i.e. 0.01-0.37 per day.

A Water Monitoring and Early Warning System of COD Using UV-Vis Spectroscopy

A distributed remote water monitoring and early warning system was proposed, which used the UV-Vis spectroscopy, GPS, GIS, 4G network, COD solution and database technology, to solve the problems including long detection cycle, limited scale and the lack of early warning mechanism of the water monitoring. 50 groups of original water sample from Ciqikou to Chaotianmen of Jialing River in Chongqing, China (every 5 km decorate a monitoring node, every 60 minutes collect data) was selected to study distributed remote water monitoring and early warning system of COD in UV-Vis spectroscopy based on 4G networks. The results indicated that through the system, not only the real-time display and storage, historical data query and warning function of water quality monitoring information could be achieved, but also the status of the water quality environment on the basis of COD can be reflected, which has a strong practicability and can provide environmental monitoring departments with real-time water quality information.

Design of Aquatic Product Traceability System Based on Anti-Collision RFID Techniques

The traceability management system of aquatic product is based on RFID techniques which could obtain the function of aquatic products statistics and water quality monitoring automatically. The system frame, hardware and software design of micro-controller and anti-collision algorithm are issued in this paper. The identifying of aquatic product and water quality monitoring information are delivered to the management system and the speed of reading operation is increased greatly.

Management of Water Quality Information in Mining Subsidence Waterlogged Area

Based of the technology of CAD VBA and Access database, the program of water quality monitoring information management in mining subsidence area is developed; it mainly includes functions of attribute query, attribute edition, visualization of water monitoring point. The table structure in monitoring point attribute database is designed, and problem of dynamic linkage between drawing data and attribute data is solved. The key code about them is given in the paper. The program can provide some decision support for reasonable use of water resources and environment protection in the mine area, and will promote the more scientific and sustainable development of mine area.

Framework for effective community participation in water quality management in Luvuvhu Catchment of South Africa

A study has been done in Luvuvhu Catchment to develop a framework for effective community participation in water quality monitoring and management. Community participation and involvement in development has since the 1970s gathered momentum among the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) fraternity but has never gained clear status with Governments world over. In South Africa the policy and legal frameworks for community consultation, involvement and participation are clearly spelt out on paper starting with the country’s constitution. The division of the country into Water Management Areas (WMA) and the formation of Catchment Management Agencies (CMA), Water User Associations (WUAs) for example, was meant to increase participation of stakeholders including communities in the management of water resources. These efforts have not translated into effective participation by local communities in the management of water resources because there is no link between the national water quality management frameworks and community based development structures.An extensive review of development frameworks including community based structures has been undertaken. The most critical frameworks identified were the national water quality management framework (Directorate of Water Quality Monitoring and Catchment Management Agencies), community based structures and local government structures and systems (municipalities, provincial and national structures). There was no flow of information between the national water quality framework and community based development structures and therefore linkages were created between the lower tiers of the catchment management system (sub catchment fora and WUAs) to allow for information from the Directorate of Quality Monitoring to reach communities and vice versa. The lower tiers of the catchment management system should serve as specialised committees under the community development structures. The municipalities who control and fund development activities at community level should be linked to the catchment management system so that information can flow between the lower tiers of the catchment management system and communities on one hand and the municipalities on the other. The water quality monitoring information generated at community level should flow through community development structures, sub catchment fora, the Catchment Forum (where municipalities are members), the CMA and into the Directorate of Water Quality Monitoring.

Mineral waters in Slovakia — Evaluation of chemical composition stability using both historical records and the most recent data

A methodology of temporal chemical composition stability of mineral waters is presented. Both historical chemical analyses records and modern water quality monitoring information are interpreted. Historical records can represent a precious background, but they suffer from the lack of information, short association of the analysed components and analytical methods applied; and thus can be evaluated only descriptively. Results of mineral water quality monitoring are processed by statistical methods. Selection of the proper statistical criteria was tested on time series of various sources of Slovak mineral waters. As the most suitable criteria of stability, the 1.5 IQR parameter was selected. Temporal stability of chemical composition of mineral waters is conditioned by many factors both of natural and anthropogenic origin. By help of the criteria proposed, together with limits for the dataset population, time factor and qualified approach can result into a profound estimation of chemical composition stability of mineral waters in time.