Water Quality Index For Groundwater Research Articles

Groundwater quality assessment in the La Mojana region of northern Colombia: implications for consumption, irrigation, and human health risks

Water quality is one of the most relevant issues related to water management, with water pollution and access to clean water for drinking and irrigation being common issues in developing countries. Groundwater is an available water source, especially where surface sources are scarce or unsuitable. In this sense, studies to improve knowledge of aquifers should be undertaken where information on groundwater resources is not available. In the current study, 50 groundwater samples were collected from rural and urban wells used by local communities for human consumption and to irrigate local crops. Several indices for drinking water and irrigation use have been used for the assessment of water quality. Conversely, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic human health risks due to exposure to heavy metals in the groundwater were estimated, as were the predominant hydrochemical characteristics. The groundwater water quality index (GWQI) shows values < 100 for all the samples; groundwater is recommended for drinking after disinfection. By contrast, the irrigation water quality index (IWQI) shows that 80% of groundwater samples pose a potential threat to irrigation, with restriction categories ranging from high to severe. The individual hazard quotients were < 1. However, the multielement and multipathway hazard index (HI) for children and adults were > 1, whereas As and Mn had a higher contribution to the HI. The Piper trilinear diagram shows that hydrochemical facies of Ca2+ and HCO3− are significantly dominant. By contrast, weathering of rocks and atmospheric precipitation is the dominant factors regulating the chemistry of groundwater in the aquifer system of La Mojana. Our findings indicate that there are significant potential noncarcinogenic health risks for local populations exposed to groundwater.

Hydrogeochemical characteristic and water quality index of groundwater and streamwater at Nam Mu River basin, Lai Chau province in northwest Vietnam

Assessing the quality of groundwater and upstream water in regions experiencing water scarcity during the dry season, such as the mountainous districts of Northern Vietnam, holds immense significance in the management, utilization, and preservation of natural water resources. In this study, we collected and analyzed 54 samples of groundwater and upstream streamwater within the Nam Mu river basin in Lai Chau province during the dry season. These samples underwent thorough analysis for physicochemical parameters, major ion concentrations, and trace elements. Some results revealed a close relationship between streamwater and groundwater, indicating a similar chemical composition. These waters could be classified based on geological formations, yielding two primary water types in the area. The first type, characterized by Ca2+ - Mg2+ - HCO3 − is prevalent in Triassic terrigenous sediments. The second type is a mixed water type, ranging from Ca2+ - Mg2+ - Cl− to Ca2+ - Na+ - HCO3 −, primarily distributed in Permian felsic volcanic formations. These distinct water types are primarily the result of interactions between water and rock, precipitation processes, and ion exchange phenomena. Geochemical simulation results demonstrated the supersaturation of aragonite, calcite, and dolomite minerals, leading to the precipitation of carbonate minerals. Concurrently, the simulation indicated a tendency to dissolve minerals such as fluorite, gypsum, halite, and sylvite. The assessment of water quality using the WQI indicates that, in accordance with QCVN 01-1:2018/BYT 2018 standards, the majority of groundwater and streamwater are suitable for domestic use. However, exceptions exist in certain sample locations where water quality exceeds permissible standards, primarily due to elevated levels of Fe, Mn, and NO3 − concentration. Hence, it is important to implement water treatment processes for the water sourced from these specific locations before their utilization in daily activities to ensure the safety and well-being of the local population.

Assessment of groundwater quality in terms of water quality index (WQI) and fluoride contamination of Nuapada District, Odisha, India

The physico-chemical parameters and WQI of ground water in all five blocks of district Nuapada are calculated by taking ten samples from each block in the month of October 2019. The correlation study between different physicochemical parameters shows significant negative relationships. The WQI of ground water on Boden block is 472.1, Kharial is 366.7, Sinapali block is 319.82, Komana block is 344.1, and Nuapada block is 225.65. Hence the ground water of all these blocks is E-class and not fit for human use. Among all these blocks, the Boden block is highly polluted. The mean value of fluoride in the Boden block is 6.17 mg/l, the Kharial block is 4.79 mg/l, the Sinapali block is 3.93 mg/l, the Komana block is 4.47 mg/l, and the Nuapada block is 2.86 mg/l. Hence, the present study reveals that the groundwater quality of different regions of the district Nuapada is heavily polluted and not suitable for drinking.

Groundwater Quality Assessment Based on the Random Forest Water Quality Index—Taking Karamay City as an Example

In the past few decades, global industrial development and population growth have led to a scarcity of water resources, making sustainable management of groundwater a global challenge. The Water Quality Index (WQI) serves as a comprehensive method for assessing water quality and can provide valuable recommendations at the water quality level, optimizing policies for groundwater management. However, the subjectivity and uncertainty of the traditional WQI have negative impacts on evaluation outcomes, particularly in determining indicator weights and selecting aggregation functions. The proposed water quality index for groundwater based on the random forest (RFWQI) model in this study addresses these issues. It selects water quality indicators based on the actual pollution situation in the study area, employs an advanced random forest model to rank water quality indicators, determines indicator weights using the rank centroid method, scores the indicators using a sub-index function designed for groundwater development, and compares the results of two commonly used aggregation functions to identify the optimal one. Based on the aggregated scores, the water quality at 137 monitoring sites is classified into five levels: “Excellent”, “Good”, “Medium”, “Poor”, or “Unacceptable”. Among the 11 water quality indicators (sodium, sulfate, chloride, bicarbonate, total dissolved solids, fluoride, boron, nitrate, pH, CODMn, and hardness), chloride was given the highest weight (0.236), followed by total dissolved solids (0.156), and sodium was given the lowest weight (0.008). The random forest model exhibits a good prediction capability before hyperparameter tuning (86% accuracy, RMSE of 0.378), and after grid search and five-fold cross-validation, the optimal hyperparameter combination is determined, further improving the performance of the random forest model (94% accuracy, F1-Score of 0.967, AUC of 0.91, RMSE of 0.232). For the newly developed groundwater sub-index function, interpolation is used to score each indicator, and after comparing two aggregation functions, the NSF aggregation function is selected as the most suitable for groundwater assessment. Overall, most of the groundwater in the study area was of poor quality (52.5% of low quality) and not suitable for drinking.

Time series analysis of groundwater quality at selected sites of Purba and Paschim Burdwan, West Bengal, India.

The Water Quality Index (WQI) is used to monitor the health and usability of a water body. In this study, we aimed to construct time series prediction models using groundwater WQI (GW-WQI) at four sites: IISCO-Asansol, Durgapur Town, Burdwan University, and Burdwan Station. While statistical spatio-temporal analysis has been reported earlier, no time series analysis of the data or predictive modelling has been done. Pre-monsoon and post-monsoon physico-chemical data from 2010 to 2022 were obtained from the West Bengal Pollution Control Board website to calculate the GW-WQI. Prediction modelling was performed using R 4.1.3 software. Best fit forecast models were selected to predict future trends of GW-WQI with 80% of the data. Subsequently, the models were validated using R-squared, root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), maximum absolute percentage error (MAPE), and Thiel's U for the model using 20% of the data. Our results show that GW-WQI was good in pre-monsoon but unfit for drinking in post-monsoon in IISCO-Asansol, Durgapur Town, Burdwan University, and Burdwan Station. Arsenic, fluoride, and mercury were the major contaminants resulting in poor GW-WQI. Seasonal ARIMA was the best model for Burdwan University and IISCO-Asansol, ETSfor Durgapur Station, and BaggedARIMA for Burdwan Station. The forecast model for Durgapur and Burdwan Station predicted a sharp increase until 2027 but was fluctuating for IISCO-Asansol and Burdwan University. Thus, GW-WQI is a major problem in the industrial belt of West Bengal that is likely to remain high or worsen in the future.

Geo-environmental influence on groundwater quality in Ndele, Southern Nigeria

Groundwater contamination has been a growing issue in recent times as a result of population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Groundwater is highly susceptible to impacts associated with anthropogenic activities such as the release of waste materials to the environment. The groundwater vulnerability of an area is a function of the geologic and environmental factors of the area. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of geological and environmental factors on groundwater quality in the Ndele Area of Southern Nigeria. Estimations of groundwater flow direction and overland flow direction in the study area were used to establish the likely groundwater vulnerable areas. The water quality index of groundwater sourced from hand-dug wells and boreholes in the study area was used to appraise the groundwater quality of different locations in the area. Water Quality Index is a means of summarizing and reporting water quality in a consistent manner. The mean values of water quality index parameters evaluated revealed that the WQI of water samples sourced from hand dug wells in the lower altitudes and hydraulc head areas (mini-watershed area) were found to be 101.5, which is categorised to be "unsafe for drinking," while those of the two control locations with higher altitudes and hydraulic heads were 69.0 and 67.2, respectively, and are categorised to be "poor water quality." Water samples sourced from boreholes with average depths of 40m in the lower altitudes and hydraulic head areas (mini-watershed areas) and two control areas were found to be 39.0, 44.3, and 41.2 m respectively and categorized to be "good water quality". Thus, based on some environmental ill practices such as the use of open pit toilets, discharge of suckaway to flow with surface runoffs, and improper disposal of domestic wastes in the area, this study has revealed that groundwater at the locations with lower hydraulic heads and altitudes (mini-watershed area) is highly vulnerable. This may be attributed to the fact that lower lands and hydraulic head areas are susceptible to overland and groundwater flow; hence, infiltration and water table recharge by water from higher altitudes that contaminate groundwater in such areas.

Hydrochemistry and Water Quality Index of Groundwater in Abu-Jir Village in Al-Anbar, Western Iraq

A water quality index was used to estimate the quality of the groundwater in the Abu Jir village in Al-Anbar, all groundwater samples are taken in October 2021, fifteen groundwater samples are collected for the study area. coordination of these samples was geographically determined by GPS between latitudes 33ᵒ 5′ 30″ - 33ᵒ 28′ 15″ and longitudes 42ᵒ 38′ 0″ - 42ᵒ 59′ 15″to conduct electrical conductivity, pH and temperature at the site in addition to groundwater quality and validity to different purposes, the results show that the pH value ranges between 7.2 to 7.9 with an average of 7.5 , Temperature values are between 22.4 to 28.5 ᵒC with an average of 26.1ᵒC while electrical conductivity value between 2260-7250 μS/cm with an average of 3346.3 , the range of the Total Dissolved Solids value is between 1410- 4710 ppm, and TH values range between 653.4 to 1663.6 with an average of 924.22 ppm, The accuracy of the analyses for groundwater sampling in the study area is very highly, error percentage is less than 5%, The dominated cation is Na+, while the predominant anion is SO42-, according to the results of major element analysis (cations and anions), Na2SO4, occurrence ratio is 80%, the classification of groundwater samples depends on the Total Dissolved Solids, the class of water in the studied area is brackish water. The results showed values of Water ranges between 61.08 – 367.3 the most wells have good water, except well- 1 and Well- 14, which is not suitable. All groundwater samples in the study area are suitable for agriculture purposes. When using piper diagram for groundwater sample All of groundwater samples were classified as denotes earth alkaline water with a high alkaline content, sulfate and chloride content.

Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater Quality in the Vicinity of Bhalswa Lake in North West Delhi, India

The different physicochemical parameters, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, chloride, total hardness, sulphate, and nitrate, were used to analyse ground water samples near Bhalswa Lake in the North West Delhi area of India. water samples were obtained from locations across Bhalswalake, such as: In order to determine the groundwater quality surrounding Bhalswa Lake, the concentration of pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, and phosphate was measured in groundwater samples. Bhalswa Lake is both a residential neighbourhood and a trash dump. Effects of this analysis revealed that groundwater is heavily polluted and unsafe for drinking and household operations since it includes strong chemical contaminants. Water Quality Index of groundwater at various locations around Bhalswa Lake was also found to be unsuitable, reflecting extremely polluted groundwater status at almost all sampling sites.

Assessment of groundwater quality using CCME water quality index in Caracosh distract, northeastern of Mosul city, Iraq.

The aim of this study is to determine the Caracosh (Al-Hamdannia district) groundwater water quality index (CCME WQI). This was calculated by taking groundwater samples and putting them into a thorough physicochemical examination. For calculating the WQI, the following 9 parameters have been considered: pH, TDS, T. Alkalinity, T. hardness, Ca, Mg, Chloride, Sulphate and Nitrate. The WQI for these samples ranges from 25.19 to 93.58. The low values of WQI has been found to be mainly from the higher values of TDS, Total hardness, T. Alkalinity and Sulphate in the groundwater. The analysis reveals that % 40 of groundwater samples of the area needs degree of treatment before consumption, and it also needs to be protected from the perils of contamination.

Investigation &amp; assessment on groundwater water quality index from sanganer tehsil jaipur (rajasthan)

Groundwater is a crucial asset for most formative exercises. Interest for analysis on groundwater is expanding because of reduced amount of water present on the surface and repetitive disappointments of monsoons. This research paper presents quality testing of potable water of the sanganer area of Jaipur city as per WHO and Indian agencies' Standards. To calculate WQI 15 water samples were collected and analyzed for different components present in the water due to contamination from surrounding industries of printing and dyeing. The paper concluded that 40% of the water samples found excellent in the quality for drinking purpose and 20% of the water samples is good for drinking but rest 40% water samples found not suitable due to some excessive amount of pollutant present in the ground water these contents will be very harmful for drinking and agriculture.

Spatial variability of ground water quality: a case study of Udupi district, Karnataka State, India

Groundwater is a reliable source of fresh water for domestic and agricultural water users. It supports subsurface ecosystem by balancing the geo-biological and bio-geochemical processes at micro- and macro-scales of the ecosystem. Overexploitation, anthropogenic activities and improper agricultural practices have contributed to the pollution of groundwater sources all around the globe. The water quality index (WQI) is the most extensively used indicator which transforms the water quality information derived from several parameters into a single value/rating to categorize and provide a general perception of water quality standard. Groundwater quality analysis and mapping via geographical information system (GIS) proves to be beneficial in identifying the locations where the groundwater quality is deteriorating. In the current study, the WQI of groundwater was determined for the samples collected from open and tube wells located within the Udupi district of Karnataka state, India. The groundwater quality parameters such as pH, hardness, calcium, chlorides, nitrates, iron, fluoride, sulfates, manganese, sodium, magnesium, potassium, turbidity, and phosphate were analyzed for water samples collected from 112 randomly chosen open/tube wells in order to determine the WQI. Interpolation approaches such as inverse distance weighting (IDW) and kriging were adopted in the GIS environment to quantify the spatial variability of groundwater quality over the entire geographical area. The groundwater quality maps were generated using the best fit models. The results portray that, the accuracy of interpolation using IDW and kriging methods was dependent on the measures of central tendency and variability of water quality data of different parameters. The kriging interpolation was much accurate for most of the groundwater quality parameters compared to IDW maps. The WQI maps, perhaps signposted the poor quality of groundwater quality in about 1.88% of the geographical area of Udupi district. Further, about 21.69% of the area was affected by poor quality of groundwater where suitable strategies for replenishment of groundwater resources should be taken up by the concerned authorities. The spatial distribution maps of groundwater quality aid to locate vulnerable places where immediate action is required.

Application of the analytic hierarchy process to weight the criteria used to determine the Water Quality Index of groundwater in the northeastern basin of the Sidi Bouzid region, Central Tunisia

The Sidi Bouzid and El Hjal Wadi basins together comprise one of the most important agricultural regions in Central Tunisia. Exploitation of the groundwater in this region is increasing exponentially. In this work, hydrochemical characteristics and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to assess the suitability of the groundwater in the aquifer for use in irrigation. Concentrations of total dissolved solids in the groundwater ranged from 1500 to 5000 mg/L. The most abundant chemical species in the water were SO42− and Cl−, with mean concentrations of 1010 mg/L and 641 mg/L, respectively. The high levels of these species can be explained by sulfate mineral dissolution and the leaching of evaporitic formations into the groundwater flow. Quality criteria weighting using the AHP was employed to generate a map of groundwater suitability for irrigation. This method categorized water samples as either excellent, good, or permissible for irrigation based on the Water Quality Index (WQI). Most of the water samples (76.5%) in the study area were found to contain water that would be good for irrigation, although the groundwater quality deteriorated towards the areas with low elevation.

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purpose using Different Water Quality Indices in Parts of Gautam Budh Nagar District, India

Water Quality Index (WQI) is a mathematical value for quality of water, which includes the concentration of a number of constituents present in it. Chemical and biological measures of water quality are used to represent water quality index. Measured value of the selected parameters, ideal concentration of that parameter in pure water and standard value given by different quality control organizations are used to determine this number. In the present study, three indexing methods; Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) and Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI) were used to calculate water quality index of groundwater. A hydrochemical analysis of 22 groundwater samples was conducted to evaluate the quality of groundwater for drinking purpose. Ten hydrochemical parameters were selected for computing WQIs of groundwater samples and BIS standards were used for standardization. Analytical results show that 100 % of samples have magnesium and total hardness above the acceptable limit of BIS (10500, 2012). The mean concentration of nitrate was found 196.96 ± 9.3.18 mg/L. Spatial distribution of various parameters shows that south-east part of study area has contaminated groundwater. The results of water quality index shows that drinking water quality of 82 % (WAWQI), 95 % (GWQI) and 77 % (CCME WQI) of groundwater samples were poor to unsuitable type. Water quality index map also reveals that groundwater of village Badhpura, Dhoom Manikpur, Dairy Maccha, Khera Dharampura, Bisrakh road, Duryai and Dujana of district Gautam Budh Nagar of India, was not fit for human consumption.

Physicochemical Properties and Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Selected Wells in Najaf City Southern Iraq

The area which located along the road area between the cities of Najaf and Karbala areas are very important from hydrogeological used towards the groundwater reservoir which called Dibdibba formation. The reveal part of this sandy formation allows for replenishing and keeping its water by the rainwater penetration and surface flood. Groundwater movement flows through the reservoir from the West to the East and Southeast direction, so, it is unconfined aquifer which means the top surface (water table) is open for permeable materials. This area between the two cities invested for decades due to its importance in addition to the hydrogeological feature of the water reservoirs and hydraulic specifications. Many groundwater wells were drilled in this area to use this water resource for many purposes of farming in particular. There are many water wells in this infiltrated water reservoir upper region represented by the composition Dibdibba formation have been exploited as a sandstone fan or fan-shaped (alluvial fans) according to its sedimentary environment. This water-based reservoir in part on natural nutrition where the rains start this reservoir depletion of stocks over exploited of water in addition to the low levels of nutrition and natural reservoir groundwater and the exposure portion of the formation Dibdibba Sandy helped to renew and sustain its groundwater during the penetration of rainwater and surface water. This water-based reservoir in part on natural nutrition rain then this stock began gradually decreasing and downward due to over exploitation of water in addition to low natural nutrition levels of the groundwater reservoir. Groundwater quality in this reservoir characterized to be higher concentrated with dissolved salts. The results of Water quality index (Wqi) values display that the groundwater of present study location predicted to be severely contaminated and non-suitable for drinking usage at all sites of the wells.

Geochemical characteristic and water quality index of groundwater and surface water at Lower River Muda Basin, Malaysia

Drought season when compounded with El Nino phenomenon may implicate the availability of water resources and subsequently impact the quality of domestic, irrigation, and water industry. This has sparked the investigations to be undertaken regarding the hydrochemical traits of surface water and groundwater for alluvial aquifer in Penang and Kedah at Riverbank Filtration (RBF) sites. From this work, 121 samples of groundwater and surface water of standard drinking water quality for both wet and dry seasons have been collected and analysed for various parameters and indices. The resulting outcomes have illuminated several outcomes. The results showed that, firstly, the sequences of major cations and anions were Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−, respectively. The resulting Piper and Gibb’s diagrams both have indicated that water-rock interaction has caused groundwater and surface water to transform. Secondly, geochemical relationship has indicated that groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by the mechanism of carbonate mineral gypsum and halite dissolution. They have also highlighted ion exchange to be the secondary processes yielding higher concentration of Na+ and Mg2+ ions. Thirdly, the index method assessments have yielded similar outcomes for a majority of them, indicating that all groundwater and surface water samples can be categorised as excellent and excellent to good categories respectively. However, only PI method has resulted in 62% of the samples to be classified as unsuitable for irrigation, as its calculated equation scored > 75. Therefore, it can be concluded that groundwater and surface water are both typically acceptable for irrigation uses.

Assessment of Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Panchkula &amp; Derabassi Region

Assessment of Water Quality Index of Groundwater of Panchkula &amp; Derabassi Region

Protocol for the estimation of drinking water quality index (DWQI) in water resources: Artificial neural network (ANFIS) and Arc-Gis

Drinking water sources may be polluted by various pollutants depending on geological conditions and agricultural, industrial, and other human activities. Ensuring the safety of drinking water is, therefore, of a great importance. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of drinking groundwater in Bardaskan villages and to determine the water quality index.Water samples were taken from 30 villages and eighteen parameters including calcium hardness (CaH), total hardness (TH), turbidity, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity (ALK), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), sulphate (SO42−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), fluoride (F−), nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−) and chloride (Cl−) were analyzed for the purpose for this study. The water quality index of groundwater has been estimated by using the ANFIS. The spatial locations are shown using GPS. The results of this study showed that water hardness, electrical conductivity, sodium and sulfate in 66, 13, 45 and 12.5% of the studied villages were higher than the Iranian drinking water standards, respectively. Based on the Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI), water quality in 3.3, 60, 23.3 and 13.3% of villages was excellent, good, poor and very poor, respectively.•Groundwater is one of the sources of drinking water in arid and semi-arid regions such as Bardaskan villages, which monitor the quality of these resources in planning for improving the quality of water resources.•The DWQI can clearly provide information associated with the status of water quality resources in Bardaskan villages.•The results of this study clearly indicated that with appropriate selection of input variables, ANFIS as a soft computing approach can estimate water quality indices properly and reliably.•Some parameters were in the undesirable level is some villages. Therefore, the government should try to improve the chemical and physical quality of drinking water in these areas with the necessary strategies.

English

English

Water quality variation and hydrogeochemical evolution during artificial groundwater recharge with reclaimed water: laboratory experimental and numerical simulation study

In this study, laboratory experiments were combined with numerical modeling to study the water quality variation and hydrogeochemical evolution of recharged water during the aquifer groundwater recharge (AGR). Reclaimed water from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was recharged into a one-dimensional column filled with field sediments. The chemical reactions, soil-soluble species dispersion, mineral dissolution and precipitation, adsorption, and cation exchange in the recharge aquifer zone were examined. The study showed that the pH of the system varied from 6.31 to 7.77 during the 159-h experiment process. Mineral dissolution and cation exchange were dominant for Al, Zn, and Fe, and absorption caused As and Se to always tend toward 0 during leaching. Dissolution caused total nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon to form additional contaminants in the preliminary stage. The 3-D excitation/emission matrix spectra illustrated the humus in sediments were a potential threat to the groundwater quality by leaching. By fitting the major ions like Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, and HCO3− using PHREEQC soft, we developed a solute transport model and used them to predict the hydrogeochemical evolution under different migration lengths. Through the analysis for pH, ionic strength, and hardness index, we think that at the initial time, the effluent after transporting 25 m accorded with the standard of class I water quality index of groundwater. The study can be used to provide theoretical foundation and lead the field practice.

Spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of groundwater at rural, urban and industrial areas of Kanpur, India

Physicochemical characteristics of groundwater provide vital information regarding prevailing geochemical, geomorphological and predominant pollution conditions in an area. In the present work, hydro-geochemical properties of ground water were examined at rural, urban and industrial areas of Kanpur to determine its aptness for drinking and irrigation. Groundwater samples were randomly collected from deep borewell pumps across the city. The samples were examined for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate, sulphate, chloride, hardness, alkalinity, total dissolved solids, sodium, potassium, calcium, which ranged between 7.10 and 8.60, 140–3990 mS cm−1, 0.02–13.67, 4.67–285.37, 4–747.77, 108–1555.2, 32–532, 89.60–2550, 18–720, 2–19 and 5–290 mg L−1 in pre-monsoon season and 7.1–8.2, 400–5450 mS cm−1, 0.02–24.09, 7.62–258.21, 4–538.84, 122–750, 240–988, 256–3490, 29–730, 3–53 and 10–185 mg L−1 in post-monsoon season respectively. Water Quality Index of groundwater during post-monsoon were recorded to be better than the pre-monsoon season, reason being percolation of water during rainfall in monsoon. The pre and post-monsoon data provided valuable information regarding the suitability of groundwater for various purposes such as drinking and irrigation. Results showed ‘fairly’ and ‘good’ categories of water quality in the pre-monsoon season which further improved in post monsoon season. Results clearly specify that the natural process of groundwater recharge is an important mechanism to maintain the quality of groundwater.