Physical-chemical Parameters Of Water Research Articles

New contributions to the knowledge of two riparian mosquitoes in northwestern Spain: Anopheles petragnani and Culex mimeticus (Diptera: Culicidae).

A study was carried out in 345 water ecosystems (rivers, streams, ditches, lagoons, ponds, puddles, rockpools, and artificial containers) throughout the autonomous community of Galicia (NW Spain) during different seasons between 2020 and 2023. The results revealed the first detections of Anopheles (Anopheles) petragnani Del Vechio, 1939 (n = 185) and Culex (Culex) mimeticus Noè, 1899 (n = 12) in the territory, allowing to update and expand the overall knowledge about their distribution and ecology. The breeding preferences of the species were analyzed considering habitat characteristics (land use, water body type, and degree of insolation), geographical variables (latitude, longitude, and altitude), and physical-chemical water parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, and turbidity). In addition, the relationship between the occurrence of these species and other mosquitoes present in the study area was discussed. Anopheles petragnani is widely distributed in the region and shows breeding preferences for water bodies of fluvial origin, forest environments, and shaded situations. Culex mimeticus was detected sporadically breeding in a pond and in a river in the south of the region, both in industrial and agricultural land uses, and always exposed to the sun. Although the presence of these species may not currently pose a health risk in the region, it is important not neglecting their study since the adequate characterization of their larval biotopes is relevant regarding vector surveillance and control measures.

Tyrosinase-based nanobiosensor for environmental monitoring of hormones in river water

This study explores the application of a tyrosinase cantilever nanobiosensor for detecting 17β-estradiol and estrone in typical water systems. The physical-chemical parameters of water were evaluated within the Tigre River micro-basin in Erechim, RS, to determine water potability for urban populations. Water clarity, conductivity, and pH levels were essential markers, adhering to recognized standards for water quality and human consumption. The cantilever nanobiosensor demonstrated strong sensitivity and a broad linear range, with a limit of detection (<0.00051 ppb) surpassing other enzymatic biosensors and covering a range of 0.0001–100 ppb.The real water sample quality investigated in relation to contamination with 17β-estradiol and estrone by nanobiosensor showed values below the LOD for both compounds. Recovery studies demonstrated the reliability of the nanobiosensor. Selectivity tests indicated minimal interference from structurally similar substances. This study validates the nanobiosensor's potential for environmental monitoring and hormone detection, aligning with standard practices.

Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Drinking Water Sources on the Citarum River Irrigation Area in Karawang, West Java, Indonesia

Citarum River in West Java has been named as the most polluted river in the world. The irrigation stream plays an important role in society as the source of agricultural and drinking water. However, the increasing number of industries and population density along the river have made this river dirtier. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of water in the Citarum River irrigation area. There were 33 samples that were taken for every 1,5 km. The physical chemical water parameters were tested at DLHK Karawang Water Laboratory. The water surface has a sharper color and smell when entering the industrial areas. This finding indicates that several chemical wastes are dumped directly into the water. The turbid color of the river water exceeds the set threshold. In addition, the dissolved iron content was above the standard. The results of this research can be implemented in the fields of water management, environment, and public health. Moreover, the results can be used as a basis for the government to make regulations. In addition, this can be used for other researchers in the development of science.

Integrated multitrophic aquaculture in ponds using substrate for periphyton as natural source of food

As a productive and sustainable alternative to fish farmers, the present study aims to evaluate the use of substrate for periphyton growth in an Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) with complementary species. The studied species were: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus). The experiment had four treatments with three replicates that evaluated the IMTAs: [T100] Cb:C – tilapia inside hapas fed on recommended feed, with grass carp and curimbatás outside the hapas making use of natural food; [T50] Cb:C – the same species distribution with tilapia fed 50 % of the daily amount of commercial diet. Cb:C 100 and Cb:C 50 – grass carp and curimbatás fed on recommended feed at two feeding rates (100% and 50%) with substrate for periphyton growth in the feeding restriction treatment. In phase II, tilapias were included in all the treatments as a complementary species. Growth performance of fish and physical-chemical parameters of water were evaluated. In the proposed models, the species were efficient in utilizing the feed and in nutrient cycling, achieving productivity of 6 t/ha in the system without water renewal. Inserting secondary and complementary species reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) to values of 0.95 in systems under feed restriction and 1.28 in the groups that received 100% of commercial feed. Considering the reduction of the FCR and the high productivity, farmers can diversify their products in the same area without increasing inputs.

Important value index (IVI) and diversity of mangrove vegetation in Aceh Tamiang, Aceh Province

Mangrove ecosystem is one of the unique ecosystems that has high productivity and it grows along the coast of Aceh Province, Indonesia. The mangrove vegetation in Aceh Tamiang District was decreasing due to human exploitation i.e. stems of mangrove vegetation utilized by local communities become charcoal and firewood. These activities have a negative impact on live and growth of mangrove vegetation. Therefore, the purposes of the study are to analyses the important value index (IVI), mangrove species diversity, and to analyses the correlation between substrate characteristics with mangrove density. The research stations determined using the purposive sampling method and each station has three plots as replication. There were 4 research stations located in Seruway, Bandahara, Banda Mulia, and Manyak Paye sub districts. The study reported 12 species of mangrove in the tree’s category, 9 species of saplings, and 8 species of seedlings. The 12 species of mangroves found were Avicennia lanata, A. marina, A. officinalis, Brugeira parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops decandra, C. tegal, Lumnitzera recomosa, Nypa fruticans, Rhizopora apiculata, R. stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. The R. apiculata was species commonly found in each sampling location and it had highest IVI for the tree, sapling and seedling categories with the value of 207.24, 300, and 200, respectively. The average of diversity index was 1.56 categorized in the medium category. The moment Pearson correlation showed there was no significant correlation between the physical-chemical water parameters and substrate with the density of mangrove where Psig0.05.Keywords:Mangrove vegetationImportant value indexDensityDiversityAceh Tamiang

Study on the characteristics of water resources through electrical conductivity: A case study of Uzbekistan

The article presents an analysis of the characteristics of water based on the electrical conductivity of samples taken from some water sources in the Tashkent region of our republic. By directly measuring the electrical conductivity of water, it is possible to make several conclusions about the presence of inorganic impurities. The conductivity of pure water is extremely low. For example, 18°C (at room temperature) is equal to 0.04*10−6 OM−1 cm−1. The reason for thinking about this is that among the methods used to determine the quality and physical-chemical parameters of water, electrical Conductivity-based methods are extremely sensitive and accurate. Water with high conductivity indicates impurity (rich in various ions).

Impacts of sedimentation and dam failure on the macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream

Changes in land use due to human activities lead to disturbances related to sedimentation in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, the construction of dams in streams raises concerns about their safety, and the rupture of these structures implies significant impacts. Thus, this article assessed the effects of sedimentation and dam failure on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community in a tropical stream and verified its influence on the structural and functional composition of this assemblage of organisms. Water physical-chemical parameters and macroinvertebrate fauna data were obtained from monitoring data for both the pre- and post-rupture period. Macroinvertebrates were identified at the family level and classified according to functional feeding groups. Structural and functional biological indexes were applied, and data were analyzed using comparison tests, correla¬tion matrix, correspondence, and cluster analysis. The results showed that sedimentation resulted in the impoverishment of macroinvertebrate fauna, with the loss of important functional feeding groups, indicating a low environmental quality. Dam failure changed the composition of the fauna, leading to the disappearance of important orders, the appearance of organisms belonging to the order Coleoptera, and the loss of feeding groups with consequent loss of ecological functions. The dam failure was not the only stressor for the studied stream, because it already suffered from small and medium scale disturbances related to sedimentation. However, the rupture of the structure resulted in greater environmental losses, and is considered large scale, implying the need to implement recovery measures in the area.

MORFOMETRIK LAMUN Cymodocea rotundata DI PESISIR PANTAI TANJUNG TIRAM, POKA, TELUK AMBON DALAM

Seagrass is an important resource both ecologically and economically. Morphometric of seagrass and physical chemical parameters of waters can affect by differences in the type of substrate grain size. The aim of this study was to analysis the morphometric characters of seagrass C. rotundata on the physical and chemical parameters of waters and different types of substrates. The research was conducted in February-April 2021 in Tanjung Tiram Coastal Waters, Poka. Seagrass sampling was carried out using purposive sampling method. Data were analysis using variance analysis with SPSS. The results of the research on the physical and chemical parameters of the waters were in the normal range for seagrass growth. The type of substrate in the seagrass habitat of C. rotundata is mud sand and sand. The results of the analysis of anova seagrass C. rotundata showed that there were significant differences specifically total of roots, leaf length, total of leaves and total of vertical nodes

Pb removal from water by three types of biofilters

IntroductionAs aquatic organisms are directly affected by water quality, the use and evaluation of biofilters aiming at the previous removal of Pb guarantee the adequate water physicochemical parameters to the maintenance of the organisms of interest. ObjectiveThis note aims to report the results of a water pre-treatment testing three types of biofilters (river gravel and two types of seashell-based media: self-collected and commercial) to evaluate their ability to absorb and consequently remove the Pb from water. M&MTemperature and salinity were measured using Hg thermometers and a refractometer, respectively. Commercial colorimetric test kits were used to monitor pH and the toxic ammonia concentration. The Pb determination was performed by using GF AAS analytical technique. ResultsAccording to results, biofilters can significantly remove concentrations of Pb from the water column. The evaluated biofilters kept the water physical-chemical parameters stable. Results support the use of these biofilters to treat water before any experiment. ConclusionThis report may subside future studies on the use of these biofilters in other activities, such as aquaculture and waste treatment, to maintain the physical-chemical water parameters well-controlled. Statement of NoveltyThe present study has tested in laboratory conditions, three types of biofilters (river gravel and two types of seashell-based media: self-collected and commercial) to evaluate their ability to absorb and consequently remove the Pb. This report may subside studies on the use of these biofilters in activities, such as aquaculture and waste treatment, to maintain the physical-chemical water parameters well-controlled, applying low-cost biomaterials.

Habitat characteristics of bicolor Pen Shell (Pinna bicolor) in seagrass ecosystems in Poncan Gadang Island, Sibolga City, Sumatera Utara

Poncan Gadang Island has a complete coastal ecosystem, one of them is the seagrass ecosystem. One of the biotas that inhabit the seagrass ecosystem on this island is the Bicolor pen shell. This shellfish has an ecological function because of its role in the food chain in seagrass beds and has economic value. This study aims to determine the abundance of bicolor pen shells and their relationship with seagrass cover, water physical-chemical parameters. The sampling was conducted at the research location in July – September 2021, which was located on Poncan Gadang Island. This activity was carried out at 3 stations. The primary data taken were the abundance of Bicolor pen shell, seagrass, physic-chemical parameters of water and substrate. Sampling was carried out three times. The results showed that the abundance of bicolor pen shells ranged from 1.8 to 2.8 ind m-2. Station 1 has the lowest abundance and the highest is at station 3. The PCA results show that the abundance of shellfish is positively related to temperature, DO, salinity and C-organic, while percent cover of seagrass, pH, water transparency, depth, and current were negatively related to the abundance of these shellfish.

Laundry, Dry Cleaning Services and Environmental Pollution: Waste Water Physical-Chemical Parameters in Kisumu City, Kenya

Laundry and dry cleaning practices are a global process that contributes to the length and life of apparel and textile products. However, this process results in waste waters that may have an adverse effect on the environment. To investigate this, this paper looks at the need to ensure sanitation and waste water management along the entire value chain in Kisumu City, Kenya, by determining the levels of waste water physical-chemical parameters disposed of laundry and dry cleaning practices in relation to environmental pollution. The conceptual framework borrowed ideas from the Expectation Disconfirmation Theory. Cross-sectional survey and experimental design were employed. Levels of waste water physical-chemical parameters from households and commercial laundry and dry cleaning outlets were collected and determined at Lake Victoria Environmental Management (LVEMP) Laboratory and at Safe Water and Aids Project (SWAP) Laboratory and further analyzed using SPSS. The study established that the levels of waste water chemical parameters disposed off from LDC services from both commercial and household LDC service providers had negative impact to the general environment and aquatic life. Keywords: Laundry and Dry Cleaning, Kisumu City, Environmental Pollution, Waste Water, Physical-Chemical Parameters, Sanitation DOI: 10.7176/JEES/12-4-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2022

Performance of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) fed balanced diets using alternative energy ingredients containing vegetable mesocarp

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and metamorphosis of bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) fed balanced diets, wherein corn flour was replaced with banana, avocado, and pumpkin meal (all made without the epicarp). Using a completely randomized design, the animals were stored in tanks with a capacity of 30 L in a water recirculation system at a density of 1 tadpole/L. Through biweekly biometric measurements, the weight, standard, and total length were evaluated to determine metamorphic development, weight gain, consumption, feed conversion, specific growth rate, survival, physical-chemical parameters of water, and the percentage carcass composition (only at the end). Tadpoles fed rations balanced with pumpkin and banana flour performed the best, followed by those fed avocado meal and those fed the control ration (p &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that growth performance is improved in animals fed diets containing 10% pumpkin and banana meal instead of corn, and tadpoles that received the avocado meal had the same performance as the conventional diets. Research should be carried out to assess other avenues for the replacement of ingredients in rations for bullfrog tadpoles.

Towards a quantitative reconstruction of lake trophic state in temperate lakes using subfossil cladocera and diatoms: Composition of a training set from NE Poland

We present a training set, the database involving physical-chemical water parameters together with the subfossil Cladocera and diatoms community composition in the surface sediments of 64 postglacial lakes in NE Poland sampled along a wide trophic gradient (from oligo- to highly eutrophic). The most important water parameters measured in water were chlorophyll-a, electrical conductivity (EC) and oxygen concentration. In addition, total phosphorus (TP) and Secchi depth (SD) were determined for the surface water layer. The data collected will be used to calculate a transfer-function for quantitative reconstruction of trophic state in freshwater temperate lakes.

Spatial and temporal variability of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes in an Amazonian estuary

Despite scarce information in the Amazon regions, aquatic environments in tropical mangroves are important carbon deposits, and little is known about the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) with the atmosphere. We used a dynamic floating chamber to measure CO2 and CH4 fluxes in different aquatic surfaces (river, bore, and stream) on a monthly basis. Water physical-chemical parameters were also measured. Daily tide level variations have influenced CH4 flux in the rainy season. The water surface in the studied Amazonian estuary was a source of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere, and the CO2 output was much greater in the rainy season. Their seasonal flux did not present differences among rivers, bore, and streams in the two assessed seasons, but there was monthly variation in their fluxes, which were much higher than in other studies carried out in the tropics (mean production of 3.35 Gg CO2-e y-1).

Physico-chemical properties of perturbed water: facts and enigmas

Physico-chemical properties of perturbed water: facts and enigmas

Monitoring metallothionein-like protein concentrations and cholinesterase activity in tropical cup oysters as biomarkers of exposure to metals and pesticides in the southern Caribbean, Colombia.

Metallothionein-like protein concentrations (MT) and three functionally defined fractions of cholinesterase activity (ChE) were quantified in gill and digestive gland homogenates of tropical cup oysters from 5 nearshore locations in the Colombian Caribbean and correlated with sediment and tissue metal (9 metals) and pesticide (22 organophosphates, OPs, and 20 organochlorines-OCPs), as well as water physical-chemical parameters (salinity, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen). Tissue and sediment pesticide concentrations were below detection limits in all samples, whereas sediment and tissue metal concentrations exceeded environmental thresholds at several locations. Tissue MT and ChE biomarkers varied by a factor of 5-6 between locations. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity was negligible for all 5 sites, despite spatial-temporal variation in ChE activity, consistent with below-detection OP concentrations. Tissue MT and ChE biomarkers correlated with tissue and metal sediment concentrations, yet, statistically significant covariance between biomarkers and water chemistry parameters was also observed, indicating that both, metal concentrations and physical-chemical variables, are likely to be responsible for generating the observed spatial-temporal variations in biomarker patterns.

Using the benthic macroinvertebrates as indicators of the water quality in the “Cachoeira do Paraíso” waterfall (Itinguçu State Park, Peruíbe, SP, Brazil) / Uso de macroinvertebrados bentônicos como indicadores de qualidade da água na Cachoeira do Paraíso (Parque Estadual do Itinguçu, Peruíbe, SP, Brasil)

Rivers protection is fundamental for the socioecological systems, and the benthic macroinvertebrates communities can be used to assess the quality of river waters. This study aimed to assess the water quality at the “Cachoeira do Paraíso” waterfall, Peruíbe, SP, based on the benthic macrofauna. Sampling took place at 3 sampling sites, under different levels of anthropic influence. Water physical-chemical and sedimentological parameters were evaluated, as well as macrobenthic organisms. Samplings were done by kick sampling technique. The organisms were identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level and points were attributed to each group according to their respective sensitivity and tolerance to pollutants. Then, a biological index was calculated to indicate the water quality. Ecological indices were calculated and compared using ANOVA. The water physical-chemical parameters showed to be within the legal standards. 13 taxonomic groups of benthic macroinvertebrates were identified, with the Shannon diversity indices indicating similar taxonomic diversity. The score given to each taxa generated biological indices for each sample, ranging from regular to excellent. Diptera (with head) I was the most representative taxon, and sensitive taxonomic groups, were found in all the sampling sites, suggesting a good quality of the water body during the period of study.

Microbial community dynamics in a hatchery recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) of sole (Solea senegalensis)

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) have been developed to reduce the aquaculture environmental impact and control rearing conditions. They allow water reuse by managing waste and nutrient recycling, consequently making intensive fish production compatible with environmental sustainability. A key aspect of these systems is the water treatment performed by the beneficial bacterial community of the biofilter. In this study we aim to investigate the dynamics of the prokaryotic community of a sole (Solea senegalensis) hatchery RAS in relation to the variability of water physical-chemical parameters. Samples from different matrices (water, biofilter and tank wall biofilm) were collected from several compartments of a commercial RAS. Total DNA was isolated from the different matrices and the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq® platform and the output analyzed in the DADA2 pipeline using the SILVAngs database. Overall, the prokaryotic communities were dominated by Proteobacteria (12–89%) and Bacteroidetes (8–86%) and a total of 58 genera contributed with more than 3% of the relative abundance across the different samples. The most abundant genera were Tenacibaculum, Sulfitobacter, Leucothrix, Novosphingobium, Marinicella, Pseudoalteromonas, Polaribacter_2, Schleiferia and Algibacter. The prokaryotic community shifts were found to be modelled by water parameters such as salinity and pH. This study provides new knowledge on the prokaryotic community composition in different units of recirculating systems, essential for the understanding of the microbial community balance in aquaculture and represents an important tool for overall aquaculture system management.

Density and characteristics of Green mussels (Perna viridis) in Percut Sei Tuan coastal, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Percut Sei Tuan is a coastal area on the east coast of North Sumatra which has a lot of natural resource potential, one of them which is green mussels (Perna viridis). Green mussels have many benefits, namely for consumption, cultivation and bioindicator. This study aimed to determine the density, habitat location, growth pattern, frequency distribution of green mussels, physical-chemical parameters of water, a substrate of the bottom waters, and the relationship of green clams density to water and substrate parameters. The study was conducted in July-September 2020. Data analysis included density, the relationship of total length and weight of green mussels, the frequency distribution of shell lengths, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the density of green mussels at stations I, II, and III were 352 ind/m2, 3 ind/m2, and 1 ind/m2, respectively. The relationship between the length and weight of green shells shows that the growth was negative allometric. The water condition, seen from the physical, chemical, and substrate parameters, was still suitable for P. viridis. Water and substrate parameters that were positively related to the density of green mussels were water temperature, nitrate, phosphate, C-organic, percentage of silt and clay. Parameters that were negatively related were salinity, pH, and percentage of sand in the bottom substrate. The present study suggested that Station I was an appropriate area for the growth and reproduction of green mussels.

The Relationship between Zooplankton Abundance with Phytoplankton and Physic-Chemistry Parameters at Kastela Waters, Ternate

Zooplankton has an important role in waters, especially in the food chain, these organisms are consumers I which play a major role in bridging energy transfer from major producers (phytoplankton) to living things at higher trophic levels (fish and shrimp). This study aims to analyze the relationship between zooplankton abundance with phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters in the waters of Kastela, Ternate. The research was conducted from March to April 2017 in the waters of Kastela Ternate City North Maluku Province at 5 stations and 4 periods of sampling. Zooplankton samples were taken by filtering methods. The results showed that there were 20 zooplankton genera from 5 (five) classes namely Ciliate (4 genera), Crustaceae (8 genera), Hydrozoa (3 genera), Rotifera (3 genera), and Urocohordata (2 genera). Zooplankton abundance ranges from 1032 to 10942 cells.l-1, the highest at station 3 periods II (10942 cells.l-1), and the lowest at station 4 period I (1032 cells l-1). The range of values of the zooplankton biological indices is diversity index (0.5005 - 1.8662), uniformity index (0.6521 - 0.9601), and dominance index (0.1661 - 0, 6800). There was a low correlation between zooplankton abundance and phytoplankton abundance and physical-chemical parameters of water in Kastela waters, with determination coefficient is 0.236 and regression equation Y = 35079.107 + 0.030 phytoplankton - 791,251 temperature + 75,417 salinity - 1658,557 pH Keywords: mangroves, macrozoobenthics, organic matter