Water Loss Parameters Research Articles

Effectiveness of Ceramide Moisturizer in Atopic Dermatitis Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Transepidermal Water Loss Parameters

Effectiveness of Ceramide Moisturizer in Atopic Dermatitis Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Transepidermal Water Loss Parameters

Effects of Nonhomogeneous Soil Characteristics on the Hydrologic Response: A Case Study

This study examined how different nonhomogeneous soil characteristics affected hydrologic responses in rainfall-runoff models. The cell-based FLO-2D and lumped Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) were setup. Then, water loss parameters of both the Green-Ampt infiltration approach and curve number method were prescribed and applied in three different ways: (i) a separate value for each cell (mosaic; (ii) a representative as a most frequent occurring value for a large area (predominant); (iii) and a representative as an arithmetic mean value for a watershed (arithmetic mean). The spatial variability of nonhomogeneous catchment parameters was disregarded in lumped models, while each cell had distinct surface parameters in the distributed models. This study shows that the hydrologic response was meaningfully different in different representations. For the study site, the mosaic method was recommended for distributed models, and arithmetic mean was recommended for lumped models.

Self-recording the skin hydration and Trans-Epidermal Water Loss parameters: A pilot study.

To evaluate the reliability of data self-recorded by subjects enrolled in a study for skin surface hydration and Trans-Epidermal Water Loss (TEWL). A connected device, previously described, simultaneously records both the hydration status and the TEWL on the same skin site. The effects of a Xanthane-based gel containing low concentrations of glycerol (3% or 7%) applied on both face and forearms of Caucasian women, were self-recorded at various times for 24hours, outside of Research facility. In the first-hour post application, the skin hydration and TEWL values show a sharp increase and decrease, respectively. They progressively recover their initial values 24hours post washing, on both skin sites. A significant dose effect of glycerol (ie, 3% vs 7%) was obtained on both skin sites. The repeatability of data was found acceptable in both parameters, although more precise on arms than face, probably linked to an easier handling of the device. The use of this skin measuring connected device outside of Research facility, following a training of subjects, leads to reliable data. Such approach could be extended to other connected devices.

Modelling of mass transfer kinetic in osmotic dehydration of kiwifruit

Abstract Osmotic dehydration characteristics of kiwifruit were predicted by different activation functions of an artificial neural network. Osmotic solution concentration (y1), osmotic solution temperature (y2), and immersion time (y3) were considered as the input parameters and solid gain value (x1) and water loss value (x2) were selected as the outlet parameters of the network. The result showed that logarithm sigmoid activation function has greater performance than tangent hyperbolic activation function for the prediction of osmotic dehydration parameters of kiwifruit. The minimum mean relative error for the solid gain and water loss parameters with one hidden layer and 19 nods were 0.00574 and 0.0062% for logarithm sigmoid activation function, respectively, which introduced logarithm sigmoid function as a more appropriate tool in the prediction of the osmotic dehydration of kiwifruit slices. As a result, it is concluded that this network is capable in the prediction of solid gain and water loss parameters (responses) with the correlation coefficient values of 0.986 and 0.989, respectively.

Gas exchange patterns and water loss rates in the Table Mountain cockroach,Aptera fusca(Blattodea: Blaberidae)

The importance of metabolic rate and/or spiracle modulation for saving respiratory water is contentious. One major explanation for gas exchange pattern variation in terrestrial insects is to effect a respiratory water loss (RWL) saving. To test this, we measured the rates of CO2 and H2O release ( and , respectively) in a previously unstudied, mesic cockroach, Aptera fusca, and compared gas exchange and water loss parameters among the major gas exchange patterns (continuous, cyclic, discontinuous gas exchange) at a range of temperatures. Mean , and per unit did not differ among the gas exchange patterns at all temperatures (P>0.09). There was no significant association between temperature and gas exchange pattern type (P=0.63). Percentage of RWL (relative to total water loss) was typically low (9.79±1.84%) and did not differ significantly among gas exchange patterns at 15°C (P=0.26). The method of estimation had a large impact on the percentage of RWL, and of the three techniques investigated (traditional, regression and hyperoxic switch), the traditional method generally performed best. In many respects, A. fusca has typical gas exchange for what might be expected from other insects studied to date (e.g. , , RWL and cuticular water loss). However, we found for A. fusca that expressed as a function of metabolic rate was significantly higher than the expected consensus relationship for insects, suggesting it is under considerable pressure to save water. Despite this, we found no consistent evidence supporting the conclusion that transitions in pattern type yield reductions in RWL in this mesic cockroach.

Relationships between digestibilities of food components and characteristics of wheats ( Triticum aestivum ) introduced as the only cereal source in a broiler chicken diet

1. The aim of the experiment was to establish relationships between chemical or physical characteristics of wheats ( Triticum aestivum ) and digestibilities of food components in broiler chickens fed on wheat-based diets. Twenty-two wheat samples, each differing by their cultivar origin, were included at 550 g/kg in diets offered to male Ross broiler chicks. The other main ingredients were soya bean meal (340 g/kg) and rapeseed oil (68.5 g/kg). Diets were given as pellets. 2. In vitro viscosities of wheats measured as potential applied viscosity (PAV) or real applied viscosity (RAV) varied between 1.91 and 6.03, or between 0.95 and 3.81 ml/g (dry matter basis), respectively. Hardness of wheats varied between 17 (soft) and 95 (very hard), and lipase activity of wheats varied from 1 to 13.6 (relative scale). 3. PAV and RAV values were not significantly correlated with hardness. PAV and RAV values were correlated with (80:20) ethanol:water insoluble.961, 0.932, respectively), with the amount of water retained by cell walls ( r .656, 0.492, respectively), and with lipase activity ( r = 0.600, 0.532, respectively. 4. Hardness was correlated with ash ( r = -0.484), nitrogen ( r = 0.534), mean particle size of wheat flours ( r = 0.631), and specific energy of pelleting ( r = -0.574). 5. Wheat diets were evaluated in two assays with 3-week-old chicks, with 11 diets per assay. In each assay, a balance experiment was carried out using the total collection method. Growth performance was also measured during the balance experiment. 6. In vitro viscosity parameters were negatively correlated with diet AME n .05), lipid digestibility ( P < 0.05) and, to a lesser extent, protein digestibility ( P < 0.05). In vitro viscosity data were positively correlated with food:gain ratio ( P < 0.05) and water loss parameters ( P < 0.05), and were not significantly ( P > 0.05) correlated with starch digestibility. 7. Wheat hardness-related parameters were correlated ( P < 0.01) wi.273, -0.305, 0.212, respectively). 8. Wheat lipase activity was negatively c.179; P < 0.05) and starch ( r = -0.225; P < 0.01) digestibilities and with individual diet AME n ( r = -0.266; P < 0.001). Individual diet AME n .175) with the values calculated by the EU AME n prediction equation (Fisher and McNab, 1987). Among the correlations observed between the individual measured AME n :EU predicted AMEn ratio and wheat parameters ( P .05), the correlation obtained with wheat lipase was the highest ( r = -0.195). The correlations with lipase could be explained in part by strong correlations between lipase and in vitro viscosity parameters.

Evaporative Water Loss in Insular Populations of the Anolis cristatellus Group (Reptilia: Sauria) in the British Virgin Islands II: The Effects of Drought1

ABSTRACTPrevious work has shown that water loss in some populations of Anolis cristatellus from the British Virgin Islands is closely tied to the conditions available on the islands they inhabit. This manifested itself in a strong correlation between habitat aridity and several water loss rate parameters. Here we report on a similar study conducted in the same locations in 1994, a year of extreme drought.We hypothesized that lizards caught at the height of the drought will experience lower rates of water loss than those measured during a normal year. Our findings show that in 1994, as in 1993, habitat aridity and water loss parameters were strongly correlated. Also as before, the Guana Island population of A. cristatellus displayed higher resistance to water loss than expected by the island's aridity. However, a striking change occurred within populations. All were at least as good at retaining water (measured as integumentary resistance to water loss, R) as in 1993, and some were over 3.5 times better. Existing evidence is insufficient to determine whether these changes were the result of phenotypic plasticity or attributable to differential mortality of nonresistant individuals.

Flood hydrograph simulation model

A model with a minimum number of parameters has been conceived and developed to simulate direct runoff hydrographs when given3the required input data. Rainfall and runoff data from 39 storms over four watersheds were used for this purpose. The model takes into account both the basin and rainstorm characteristics. A computer model was developed for the computations.The physical aspects of the model are expressed by division of the drainage area into isochronal sub-areas.Formulae were developed which permit computations of water loss parameters as variables dependent on antecedent precipitation. These formulae, together with a watershed lag, obtained by optimization or by the measurement of basin parameters, were used to simulate the runoff hydrograph for a watershed.The model was applied to Runnets watershed which has not been used for the development of the model. Good agreement was found between the simulated and observed hydrographs.