Oil In Water Type Research Articles

Preparation, Characterization and In-vitro Evaluation of Nano Encapsulated 1-Octacosanol for Solubility Enhancing by using Various Polymers through Spray Drying Approach

This research aimed to develop a nano-encapsulated free-flow powder of 1-octacosanol for functional food application. We had prepared stable green nano-emulsion oil in water by Dyno Mill and spray dryer for free flow powder by using different polymers (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, octenyl succinate starches) as hydrophilic polymers in different ratios for enhancing the solubility. Zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, surface morphology, differential scanning calorimetry spectroscopy and in-vitro dissolution research were used to analyze 1-octacosanol. The optimized nano-emulsion preparation F15 consists of an average particle size 720.9 nm, zeta potential -24.5 mV shows stable nano-emulsion oil in water type, and encapsulation efficiency was found to be 96.76%, FTIR studies did not show any evidence of interaction between the herbal extract and the polymers. XRD shows the conversion of crystalline to amorphous nature of powder. In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectroscopy studies found three major peaks in standard herbal extract peaks is 60.21, 67.16, 81.27°C and nano-encapsulated spray dried powder peaks are 58.18, 66.44, 79.25°C with minor moisture absorbed by the polymer in formulation. This evaluation shows significant improvement between normal herbal extract of 1-octacosanol and encapsulated spray-dried powder of 1-octacosanol for functional food application successfully improving the water solubility without changing a structural and chemical properties of the 1-octacosanol crystal.

Porous mullite ceramics with hierarchical pores constructed via vat photopolymerization of multi-phase Pickering emulsion

Herein, a novel method for hierarchically porous mullite ceramics with complex and fine structure was proposed, that is vat photopolymerization of multi-phase Pickering emulsion. Pickering emulsions stabilized by mixed particles features water in oil type, high solid content, suitable rheological properties and excellent ultraviolet-curing ability, making them appropriate pastes for vat photopolymerization. The printed components possess hierarchically porous structure involving interconnected mm-scale pores designed by three-dimensional model, uniform μm-scale pores derived from emulsion droplets and less voids generated by the removal of photosensitive resin in the location of continuous phase. Therefore, porous mullite ceramics with octet lattice structure possess excellent compressive strength up to 4.3 MPa at high porosity of 74.08% compared to the counterparts from pure resin-based suspension. The products from this facile, universal and effective method could serve as ideal candidates for catalytic filters, biological scaffolds and electronic components owing to their designable structure and outstanding multifunctionality.

Emulgel: A Novel Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Topical drug delivery is obtained chiefly for the local dermatological action, but new technologies recently enhanced its systemic effect. They are generally applied for antiseptics, antifungal agents, skin emollients, and protectants. The activity of topical preparation confides in various factors such as drug solubility, lipophilicity, contact time to the skin, and permeability. Typically topical agents like lotions, ointments, creams, gel are associated with drawbacks like stability problems, stickiness, poor permeability, poor absorption, lesser spreading coefficient, irritation, allergic reactions, and difficulty absorbing large molecules. The new concept of Emulgel has been introduced Emulgel. Emulgel systems are currently of attention to pharmaceutical scientists because of their substantial potential to act as drug delivery vehicles by incorporating a broad range of drug molecules. These are either an emulsion of water in oil type or oil in water, gelled by blending it with a gelling agent. Incorporating the emulsion into gel makes it a dual control release system and also increases its stability. The overview gives the ideal properties, formation, and evaluation of emulgels.

Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Tabir Surya Krim Ekstrak Biji Alpukat (Perseaamericana Mill.) dan Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.)

Antioxidants are substances that function to help overcome oxidative damage caused by free radicals or reactive oxygen compounds. Formation of free radicals in the body one of which is due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The formation of free radicals due to UV radiation can be overcome by using sunscreen. Avocado seeds and corn cobs are known to be rich in flavonoids which have the potential to be used as antioxidants and sunscreens. Both are wastes that have the potential to be utilized. This study aims to test and determine the antioxidant and sunscreen activities of five cream formulations containing a 1% mixture of avocado seed extract and corn cobs (0% : 1%, 0.25% : 0.75%, 0.5% : 0.5%, 0.75% : 0.25%, and 1% : 0%). Each formula was replicated five times. The preparation of each formula was evaluated including organoleptic (smell, color, and consistency) and homogeneity which was carried out by 25 panelists. Also tested for pH, spreadability, cream type, stability, antioxidant activity using the DPPH method and sunscreen activity (in vitro determination of SPF) on each formula. The organoleptic test results showed an orange cream with a characteristic odor and a semi-solid to a slightly liquid consistency. All cream formulas are homogeneous, the type of cream produced is oil in water type, physically stable cream, pH of all creams is 8, dispersion is 6-8cm, no antioxidant activity while sunscreen activity is minimal to moderate (value of SPF 3-5).

Role of mucoadhesive agent in oculardelivery ofganciclovir microemulsion: cytotoxicity evaluation in vitro and ex vivo.

The aim of the present study was to investigate increase in delivery of drug upon formulation as mucoadhesive microemulsion system and further to investigate possibility of any cytotoxic effects using such formulation. Considering hydrophilic and small molecular nature of the drug, it was attempted to be formulated as microemulsion, by using pseudo ternary phase diagram method. Thus, three types of microemulsions were prepared; oil in water, water in oil type and chitosan-coated microemulsion. These microemulsions were characterized for several physicochemical properties like size, zeta potential, Polydispersity index, and compared for in vitro cell viability and ex vivo corneal irritation study. All three microemulsions were quite stable, transparent and homogenous systems. They showed similar drug release pattern, but highest ex vivo goat corneal permeation was observed with Chitosan coated microemulsion when compared with ganciclovir solution. All microemulsions were found to be non-irritant in in vitro cell viability assay and ex vivo corneal irritation study, indicating the potential of using such systems for delivery of drug to eye.

Role of Nanoemulsion as Drugs Delivery Systems in Opthalmology: A Comprehensive Review

The opthalmic nanoemulsion drug delivery system is novel and advanced modes of drug delivery system. Nanoemulsions are oil in water type of emulsion and water in oil type of emulsion. The diameter of the drops range are 50 -1000nm (109m). The droplet size average range between 100-500nm. It is a part of widespread class of colloidal dispersion of multiphase. Nanoemulsions are accessible to formulate and upscale, and they appear high volatility in their constituents. They have turn out very feasible, cost effective, and non- invasive nanocarriers for intensify opthalmic delivery of a wide range of active compounds that influence to metabolize heavily or suffer from undesirable side effect when taken orally. In addition, the anti-viral and antimicrobial properties of nanoemulsion components, prominent to preservative free formulation, develop nanoemulsion very enticing path for ocular drug delivery. Thus the aim of this article is spotlight on nanoemulsion, various methods of preparation, characterization techniques, Also focus the mechanisms and strategies accomplished to effectively deliver drugs, both oil and water and water in oil nanoemulsion types, via the ocular way. The methods will be used to prepare for nanoemulsion are high energy method such as: high pressure Homoginization, Ultrasonication, Microfluidization. Evaluation parameters will be include particle size analysis, rheological measurement, refractive index, surface tension, viscosity, therapeutic efficacy study, in vitro release study and ocular irritation study respectively.

Formation of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐embedded bioactive nanoparticles/collagen hierarchical scaffolds with the designed and customized porous structures

AbstractThe biodegradable and bioactive bioscaffolds with suitable hierarchical structure, customized shape, and mechanical performance have great potential for biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering field. However, controllable and facile preparation of the related porous scaffolds remains obvious challenge. In this study, poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)‐embedded hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles/collagen hierarchical scaffolds are facilely prepared basing on 3D printing of the pre‐crosslinked oil in water type Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) hydrogel. To be specific, in the HAP nanoparticle stabilized Pickering HIPEs, the aqueous phase contains collagen and genipin, and the oil phase is dichloromethane solution of PCL. After the pre‐crosslinking of aqueous phase, the prepared Pickering HIPE turns into emulsion hydrogel with high viscosity and shear thinning characteristics, which can be individually printed and then freeze dried to produce hierarchical scaffolds with the designed structures. The related multiscale pore structures are composed of mm‐scale macropores and μm‐scale micropores, and the related porosity is higher than 84%. Increasing PCL content obviously enhances the compression stress of scaffolds, particularly the compressive stress of porous scaffold prepared with PCL content of 14 w/v% is about 9 times as large as that of porous scaffold without PCL. The results of in vitro mineralization and cell culture assay show that the porous scaffolds have favorable apatite formation ability and biocompatibility. Thus, the prepared hierarchical scaffolds with the designed structures, customized shape and adjustable performance are promising potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

Emulgel: A Review

Emulgel systems are currently attention to the pharmaceutical sectors because of their substantial potential to act as drug delivery vehicle by incorporating a broad range of drug molecules and higher stability compared to the other dosage form like cream, lotion, gel, etc. Emulsions are either available in an oil in water or water in oil type. These are prepared by the incorporation of the emulsion into the gel with constant stirring at a moderate speed. Incorporation of emulsion into a gel makes it a dual control release system, thereby, increasing its stability. It has better drug release if we compare to other topical drug delivery system. It is non greasy because of the presence of gel phase which enhances patient compliance. Gels has a major limitation for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs, so to overcome this limitation an emulsion based approach is being used so that even a hydrophobic therapeutic drug can enjoy the unique properties of gels. In recent years, these have also been a great interest in the use of novel polymers. These emulgels are having major advantages on vesicular drug delivery systems as well as on conventional systems in various aspects. Various permeation enhancers can enhance the effect; due to this emulgels can be used as better topical drug delivery systems over current drug delivery systems. The emulsion can be use for analgesics and antifungal drugs.

Immunological evaluation of inactivated Newcastle disease vaccine depending on adjuvant composition

Newcastle disease is a global problem that is being recorded in most countries and also a serious obstacle to exchange of genetic material of poultry in various countries of the world. Control of the Newcastle disease comprises correct injection of efficacious vaccines so as to decrease or eliminate the clinical disease. Our goal was to perform comparative studies of the vaccines against Newcastle disease of water in oil type, the adjuvant being mineral oil mixed with emulsifiers (Span-80 and Tween-80) and ready-to-use adjuvant system (Montanide ISA 70), and study the impact of composition of adjuvant constituent on physical-chemical and immunogenic properties of inactivated vaccines. To reproduce virus-containing material and carried out titration of the viruses, we used chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. Aqueous phase for the preparation of emulsion-based vaccines of water in oil type consisted of antigen to Newcastle disease of La-Sota strain, manufactured by Biotestlab Ltd, and phosphate-saline buffer. To evaluate the effectiveness of the vaccine and induce immune response, we used 1-day old pathogen-free chickens, which were obtained from chicken embryos free of pathogenic microflora. As the positive control in the experiment, we used commercial vaccine. One-day chickens were divided into 3 groups (I, II, III) comprising 12 individuals each and one group (IV) consisting of 8 individuals as the control group with individual numeration. Chickens in groups I, II and III were divided into two subgroups (n = 8 and n = 4) to determine immunogenic efficiency and safety of the vaccine. Immunization was carried out through single subcutaneous injections in the region of the neck. To study immunogenic efficiency, the chickens were immunized with the dose of 0.1 mL (1 dose), and 0.2 mL (2 doses) to determine safety. After the immunization of 1-day old pathogen-free chickens with 0.1 mL dose, the obtained level of antibodies in the serum of vaccinated chickens on days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after the vaccination indicated the ability of provoking the immune response to Newcastle disease at high level and safety of the vaccination for chickens. All the recipes of the examined series of the vaccines and the commercial vaccine produced appropriate level of viscosity according to the criterion equaling ≤ 200 mm2/s at Р <0.05, promoting fluidity of the vaccine and providing easier passage through the needle during the application. Both of the studied vaccines may be used in poultry farming for prophylaxis of Newcastle disease among chickens.

Development, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of Antiblemish Cream Containing Herbal Oils.

Many topical agents are available in the market, which interfere with the pigmentation process at different levels. They are often known to cause side effects ranging from irritation to tumor over chronic use. The present study was designed to develop and characterize an anti blemish cream containing herbal oils. A herbal cream was formulated using dill, nagarmotha and black cumin oil and subjected to evaluation of its anti blemish potential against stress augmented UV-B rays-induced hyperpigmentation. Topical oil in water type of creams containing 2%, 4% and 6% of each oil was formulated using herbal oils. The formulated cream was characterized for solubility, pH, particle size, grittiness, viscosity, stability, phase separation, shelf life and spreadability, and found to be stable. Acute dermal toxicity was carried out individually for dill, nagarmotha and black cumin oil according to the OECD guidelines 402. Hyperpigmentation was induced in all the experimental animals by stress-augmented UV-B irradiation method. The animals were treated for 30 days (twice daily) with standard and test formulations by topical administration, whereas the disease group was left untreated. The skin of the animals was subjected to photographical study as well as grading for pigmentation and irritation before and after treatment. After the treatment period, the serum antioxidant levels were estimated and histopathology, histochemical studies of skin were performed. The animals treated with test formulations containing 2%, 4%, and 6% of herbal oil showed significant improvement in pigmentation compared to disease control as it is evident in photographic biochemical, histopathological and histochemical studies. Thus, it was concluded that the developed anti-blemish cream containing herbal oils possesses significant anti-blemish potential. This study necessitates further evaluations in human subjects as it could have a high positive therapeutic value in the treatment of hyperpigmentation.

Antimicrobial Activity of Different Artemisia Essential Oil Formulations.

The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils (EOs) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment. We formulated oil in water type Pickering Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) as the stabilizing agent. The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on mature Candida biofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion (AET) and ethanolic solution (AEE) of the Artemisia EO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC10) of the compounds. On planktonic bacterial and fungal cells beside growth inhibition, colony formation (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, viability, intracellular ATP/total protein (ATP/TP), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsion (AEP) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE. Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress, which might be the underlying mode of action of the Artemisia EO. Unilamellar liposomes, as a cellular model, were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations. We could demonstrate higher effectiveness of AEP in the EO components’ donation compared to AET and AEE. Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections.

Formulation development of cream incorporating extracts of <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> (Licorice)

Purpose : Creams are semisolid preparations that can be either oil in water or water in oil type and are usually medicated and intended for external application. Present study describes the formulation development and characterization of cream using Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) with the intension of developing a cream with whitening effect. Methods : Two stable bases (formulation 1[F1] and formulation 2[F2]) with different ratios of virgin coconut oil (F1-41.2% and F2- 48.6%), Tween 80 (F1-22.3% and F2-24.3%), and distilled water (F1-36.5% and F2-27.1%) were identified based on previous research done at our laboratory and their stability was studied. Methanolic licorice extract in five different concentrations (1-5% w/w) were incorporated into the selected cream bases. Before incorporating in to bases, whitening effect of the licorice extract in terms of tyrosinase inhibitory activity was investigated. Characterizations such as microscopic analysis, pH and viscosity were measured and stability studies such as visual observations in accelerated temperatures, freeze thaw and centrifugation tests were also conducted. Results : Licorice extract showed 81.5% inhibition for anti-tyrosinase assay. According to the microscopic analysis, formulated creams were oil in water emulsions. The pH of the formulations varied with the temperature and creams showed higher stability at lower temperature (at 8°C). Viscosities of the creams of F2 containing high virgin coconut oil ratio were greater than the creams of F1 having lower virgin coconut oil content. According to accelerated stability studies all the cream bases of F1 and F2 were stable at 8°C compared to room temperature. Conclusion : Methanolic extract of licorise can be incorporated with virgin coconut oil, water and Tween 80 to formulate a cream, which is in oil in water nature. Out of the creams that were kept in accelerated temperatures, the creams that were kept in 8 o C were more stable in both the formulations but further improvements are needed to improve the shelf-life of the emulsions.

Investigation of cream and ointment on antimicrobial activity of Mangifera indica extract.

Medicinal plants have curative properties due to the presence of various complex chemical substance of different composition, which are found as secondary plant metabolites in one or more parts of these plants. Mangifera indica Linn (MI L.) is a species of mango in the Anacardiaceae family. Phytoconstituents in the seed extracts may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity of the plant. The purpose of the study was to formulate and evaluate the antimicrobial herbal ointment and cream from extracts of the seeds of mango (MI L.) The formulated ointments containing oleaginous-based showed the best formulation compared to the emulsion water in oil type, the ointment and cream bases in different concentration 1%, 5% and 10%. The formulated ointment and cream of MI L. were subjected to evaluation of Uniformity of Weight, measurement of pH, viscosity, Spreadability, Acute skin irritation study, stability study and antimicrobial activity. Our study shows that MI has high potential as an antimicrobial agent when formulated as ointment and creams for topical use. Thus, the present study concludes that the formulated formulations of the MI are safe and efficient carriers, with potent antimicrobial activity.

Experimental Study of Exhaust Emissions of W/O Emulsion Fuel in DI Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

This research is attempted to study of diesel oil-water emulsion fuel (water in-oil type) for direct injection single cylinder diesel engine. The laboratory experimental project is using 10% water mixed with Diesel Oil (DO) and in a few of inorganic surfactant by volume ratio (10% water, 89% diesel oil, 1% surfactant). These components are mixed in mechanical mixer controlled, to produce blending fuel. During the blending process the special surfactant will make oil surrounds the water droplet to prevent the water from separating out of the mixture. The encapsulation of water in oil in micrometer sizing is prevents the water from contacting any metal engine parts. The experimental laboratory is conducted with single cylinder diesel engine set-up at 2000 rpm with variable of engine load. Measurement of engine emissions parameters at different load conditions have generally indicated reduce in engine CO, NO and SO2 emission as compared to base diesel oil.

Biomolecules in colloid nanocontainers for drug delivery: Entrapment and properties of the delta sleep-inducing peptide

Nanoemulsions of the water in oil type (w/o) composed of nontoxic components, including low concentrations of AOT (5%) and soy-bean lecithin Lipoid S100 (10%) in eucalyptus oil and limonene, were developed and characterized. These nanoemulsions can be used for the incorporation of biomolecules. As shown, AOT based systems possessed the highest solubilization capacity (12% of an aqueous solution); photon-correlation spectroscopy revealed that the size of nanoemulsions of 5% AOT in eucalyptus oil increased linearly with the growth of the water content. The ability of hydrophilic delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), which is a regulatory neuropeptide, to exist in nanoemulsions of the w/o type in the absence and in the presence of additional biopolymers was demonstrated. DSIP entrapment in a nanoemulsion results in its substantial stabilization (80–90% after 2 months of incubation at 22°C versus 28% in an aqueous solution). The kinetics of peptide srelease was studied in in vitro model experiments; a substantial slowing-down of peptide release in nanoemulsions in comparison to aqueous solutions was revealed. DSIP-containing nanoemulsion systems, which can be used in medicine and cosmetology, can serve as a basis for the development of novel stable pharmaceutical dosage forms of prolonged action peptide preparations.

Hybrid resins from polyisocyanate, vinyl ester, melamine formaldehyde and water glass: structure and properties

Hybrid thermosets were produced from polymeric methylene diphenyl isocyanate (PMDI), styrene cross-linkable vinyl ester (VE) and water glass (WG) using melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin as additional reactive emulsifier. Vinyl ester (VE) was added to the PMDI/MF mixture in which the WG was dispersed next. The content of MF in the resin formulation was varied between 0·5 and 15 wt-%. The resulting water in oil type (W/O) emulsion (water=WG, oil=organic phase composed of PMDI+VE+MF) was cured at room temperature for 24 h followed by post-curing at T=100°C for 4 h. The chemorheology of the hybrid resins was assessed by plate/plate rheometry. Information on the morphology of the cured hybrid resins was received from scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopic (AFM) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) studies. The mechanical and fracture mechanical properties as well as the resistance to thermal degradation of the hybrid thermosets were determined and discussed.

Observation of Microexplosions in Spray Flames of Light Oil-Water Emulsions (3rd Report, Influence of the Diameter of Dispersed Water Droplets on the Spray Flame Structure)

Microexplosions of light oil-water emulsified fuel droplets were successfully documented using a high-speed video camera with laser illumination. The local frequency of explosion occurrence, temperature profile and exhaust gas emission were measured in spray flames of water-in oil type emulsion formed using an air-assist atomizer with a ring pilot burner. Those results indicate that the flame structure changes as the water droplet diameter in the emulsion fuel was varied, even if the fuel components and their fractions were same. When fuel includes water droplets, whose median diameter was around 75μm, HC and CO emissions were reduced as compared to those for the fuel of smaller water droplet content. It is probable that if the water droplet diameter is uniform, avalanching microexplosions occur at certain local region in the flame, and the water content vaporizes almost at once and extinguishes the flame. It leads to HC and CO emission increase. When the water droplet diameters are large, atomizer atomizes those; therefore, emulsion droplets include various size of water droplet in the flame. Consequently, the avalanching microexplosion occurrence is avoided, and HC and CO emissions are reduced.

Interaction between Chitosan and Oil under Stomach and Duodenal Digestive Chemical Conditions

Chitosan, the N acetylated derivative of chitin, has an effect on the absorption of dietary lipids, but there is not enough scientific knowledge about the mechanism. To study the interaction between chitosan and oil, the action of this biopolymer has been evaluated through an experimental model of the stomach and duodenum tract, although the enzimatic activity had not been evaluated. We microscopically confirmed that chitosan in a hychloridic acid medium (pH 1.0-2.0) emulsified lipids and the emulsion was a water in oil in water type (w/o/w). When the pH value and speed of agitation were increased to mirror the duodenum medium conditions under which lipids are absorbed, the emulsion capacity was better with an increased number of droplets and the emulsion continued as the w/o/w type. At pH 6.2, chitosan precipitated and lipids were entrapped in the formed flocculus. The binding oil was quantitatively determined, and we also demonstrate that a larger oil quantity induced less retention, while the chitosan characteristics had no influence. These observations allow us to postulate that the interaction between chitosan and oil inhibited duodenal absorption and enhanced lipid excretion.

LUBRICATING OIL SLUDGE AND ITS DEMULSIFICATION

ABSTRACT The oil sludge generated from the pretreatment of the used lubricating oil re-refinery is characterized as a complex and tight water/oil emulsion. The water content varies from 38 to 77 wt%. When the water content is low, the emulsion is of water in oil type. When the water content is high, small oil droplets exist in the dispersed water phase. The oil in the sludge is not different from the oil in the raw feed based on physical and thermal analyses. Centrifuging or gravitational settlement at elevated temperature does not show significant effects on water separation. The usage of inorganic chemicals and the typical demulsification agents from oil fields does not give satisfactory results either. The ultrasonic wave shows some dehydration on some samples. The freeze and thaw method proves to be the best method with over 90% of water removed from the oil sludge at the energy cost of about 0.01 US$/liter.

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of amphiphilic poly(ethyl acrylate) with uniform polyoxyethylene grafts

AbstractAmphiphilic copolymers of ethyl acrylate (EA) with uniform polyoxyethylene (PEO) grafts were synthesized by copolymerization of EA with methacrylate terminated PEO macromer in benzene using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The effects of the molecular weight of the macromers, the charging weight ratio of the macromer to EA, the total monomer concentration, and the amount of initiator on the grafting efficiency (GE) were reported as was the molecular weight of the copolymers. The highest GE reached to above 90% and the molecular weight of the copolymers varied from (5–15) × 104. The reactivity ratio of EA with the macromer was determined to be 0.83. The graft copolymers were purified with extractions and the purified products were characterized with IR, 1H‐NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane osmometry. The average grafting number of the copolymer varied from 2 to 11. The glass‐transition temperature of the poly(EA) in the copolymer was increased because of the partial compatibility of the two components. The crystalline property, emulsifying property, and dilute solution viscosity of the graft copolymers, as well as ionic conductivity of their complexes with alkali metal salts, were studied. The emulsifying volume decreased with the increasing molecular weight of the PEO grafts. The addition of NaOH to the emulsion affected the emulsifying volume only slightly, whereas the addition of HCl changed the oil in water type emulsion into a water in oil type. The conductivity of the LiClO4 complex of the copolymer with an oxyethylene/Li ratio of 20 reached 3.7 × 10−5 S/cm at 27°C. The lower the crystallinity of the complex, the higher was the conductivity. The dilute solution viscosity showed the existence of intramolecular microphase separation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 903–912, 2001