Water Hyacinth Fiber Research Articles

Reinforcement of Epoxidized Natural Rubber with High Antimicrobial Resistance Using Water Hyacinth Fibers and Chlorhexidine Gluconate.

In this study, epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was mixed using a two-roller mixer. Water hyacinth fiber (WHF) acted as a reinforcing agent in the preparation of the rubber composite at 10 phr (ENRC/WHF). Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) was added at different concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 20 phr) as an antimicrobial and coupling agent. The tensile strength increased with a CHG content of 1 phr (4.59 MPa). The ENRC/WHF/CHG20 blend offered high hardness (38) and good morphology owing to the reduction in cavities and fiber pull-out from the rubber matrix. The swelling of the sample blends in oil and toluene decreased as the CHG content increased. Reactions of -NH2/epoxy groups and -NH2/-OH groups occurred during the preparation of the ENRC/WHF/CHG blend. The FTIR spectroscopy peak at 1730 cm-1 confirmed the reaction between the -NH2 groups of CHG and epoxy groups of ENR. The ENRC/WHF/CHG blend at 10 phr and 20 phr exhibited zones of inhibition against three bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus). CHG simultaneously acted as a crosslinking agent between ENR and WHF and as an antimicrobial additive for the blends. CHG also improved the tensile strength, hardness, swelling, and antimicrobial properties of ENR composites.

Facile fabrication of 3D-printed cellulosic fiber/polylactic acid composites as low-cost and sustainable acoustic panels

This work presents a green, cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to reduce noise pollution by developing biopolymer-based 3D-printed acoustic panels. We successfully fabricated two series of composites by varying the weight percentage (wt%) of cellulose fibers of water hyacinth (WH) and pineapple leaf (PAL), with polylactic acid (PLA) as the matrix via the heat-press method. All samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physico-mechanical properties, including hardness, tensile, and impact strength, were improved with increasing fiber loading. Filaments of 1 wt% water hyacinth fibers (WHFs) in PLA (1 WHF/PLA) and 1 wt% pineapple leaf fibers (PALFs) in PLA (1 PALF/PLA) were prepared and tested for 3D printability. The sound absorption coefficients (α) of the 3D-printed panels were investigated from 500 to 5000 Hz sound frequency range. The 3D-printed 1 WHF/PLA and 1 PALF/PLA acoustic panels achieve a maximum α (α-max) of 0.55 and 0.83 at 5000 and 4000 Hz, respectively, featuring the first work to report α-max > 0.5 at low fiber loadings in the high-frequency sound range. The tensile strength of the 3D-printed versions is significantly higher than non-3D-printed counterparts and commercial acoustic absorbers. Our data suggest the prepared 3D-printed panels are excellent candidates for acoustic applications at high-frequency noises. This study exhibits a facile, environmentally benign and sustainable approach to construct highly efficient and mechanically robust biopolymer-based 3D-printed sound-proof panels, which have promising potential as green engineering materials. Interestingly, this research also proposes a mitigation technology for the freshwater invader, Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinths).

Physico-mechanical characterization and DFT studies of benzoyl peroxide treated water hyacinth reinforced polypropylene composites

The use of eco-friendly natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites is rapidly expanding across diverse sectors. The rapid spread of water hyacinth disrupts aquatic ecosystems by modifying the pH of water and salinity in Bangladesh. This work investigated on the impact of incorporating both untreated and chemically treated water hyacinth fibers into polypropylene (PP). Untreated water hyacinth (UWH) powder was treated with an alkaline solution, producing mercerized water hyacinth (MWH). MWH was further oxidized to yield oxidized water hyacinth (OWH). Analysis of attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra of UWH, MWH and OWH confirmed cellulose modification. The UWH and OWH were taken in varying contents (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) and added to PP to make UWH-PP and OWH-PP composites using compression molding technique. The 1% fiber content OWH-PP composites exhibited enhanced tensile strength, elongation, and impact strength compared to UWH-PP composites. Enhanced mechanical properties in OWH-PP composites suggested that benzoyl peroxide treatment improves interfacial adhesion. Morphological analysis of the OWH-PP composite showed better interfacial bonding between water hyacinth and PP than that of the UWH-PP composite. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) depicted the thermal stability of the UWH-PP and OWH-PP composites. The chemical reaction of cellulose monomer was further studied with DFT/B3LYP level of theory using two different basis sets 6-31+G(d, p) and cc-pVTZ. The calculated vibrational spectra of the untreated, mercerized and oxidized cellulose monomer agree well with the ATR-FTIR spectra, confirming chemical modification. DFT calculations of thermodynamic properties revealed the feasibility of the reactions. Electronic property (NBO charge) indicated charge transfer and structural changes during chemical modification.

From invasive species to bio-based composites: Utilizing water hyacinth for sound absorption and insulation

This study evaluates the acoustic properties of water hyacinth fiber composites, a notorious invasive species, focusing on their effectiveness as sound absorbers and insulators. By converting this abundant weed into bio-based materials, the research presents a promising eco-friendly alternative for acoustic applications. By examining a range of densities from 118 to 282 kg/m³, the study identifies how density impacts the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) and Transmission Loss (TL). Notably, the sample with a density of 118 kg/m³ exhibited the highest Sound Absorption Average (SAA) at 0.63, while the densest sample at 282 kg/m³ achieved the highest Transmission Loss Average (TLA) at 32.5 dB, illustrating a direct correlation between increased density and enhanced TL, alongside a decrease in SAC. Statistical models obtained from the analysis of variance (ANOVA), semi-phenomenological model (Johnson-Champoux-Allard (JCA) model), and empirical model (based on the Delany-Bazley model) have been developed to predict the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of water hyacinth. These models demonstrate average errors of 0.0300, 0.0346, and 0.0377, respectively, significantly outperforming established models like the Delany-Bazley and Garai-Pompoli models in predicting the sound absorption average of water hyacinth bio-based composites. These models can be used to predict the acoustic properties of the composites, assisting in tailoring the composites to match specific applications. This approach leverages the natural abundance of water hyacinth to develop environmentally friendly acoustic materials, offering a sustainable solution to invasive species management and material development.

Mechanical properties and formulation of hydrophilic fiber and shrimp shell combination as a novel eco-friendly dental restoration material

This study evaluates the mechanical properties and formulation of dental restoration material comprised of cellulose acetate (CA) from water hyacinth and chitosan (C) from white shrimp shells. The research phases included extraction, formulation, functional group testing, antibacterial, toxicity, water absorption and solubility, compressive, shear, tensile, hardness, microleakage, thermal expansion, and shrinkage. The experimental data were analyzed using probit regression, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The data showed that CA and C had microxyl and amine groups, could inhibit S. mutans, and were non-toxic. Composite resins were divided into nine formulations with different concentrations: F1 (1 % CA + 3 % C), F2 (1 % CA + 5 % C), F3 (1 % CA + 7 % C), F4 (3 % CA + 3 % C), F5 (3 % CA + 5 % C), F6 (3 % CA + 7 % C), F7 (5 % CA + 3 % C), F8 (5 % CA + 5 % C), and F9 (5 % CA + 7 % C). The F9 has mechanical strength close to the control group, with 113.33 μg/mm3 absorption, 80 μg/mm3 solubility, 32.67 Mpa compressive strength, 17.18 Mpa tensile strength, and no shrinkage. It shows that F9 has potential as an eco-friendly dental filling material. The present study completed the development of a formulation for a restoration material by combining water hyacinth fiber and shrimp skin chitosan. The outcomes of a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of synthetic composite resins and water hyacinth fiber composites containing shrimp skin chitosan revealed that the F9 formulation (CA 5 % + C 7 %) exhibited the following fiber: absorption, compressive strength, tensile strength, hardness, and thermal expansion.

Sound absorption and thermal insulation materials from waste palm oil for housing application: Green polyurethane/water hyacinth fiber sheet composite

This research presents an eco-friendly method for producing polyurethane foam (PUF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF) sheets. The objectives were to engineer wall materials with sound-absorption and thermal insulation capabilities while also improving the mechanical properties of pure PUF. Waste palm oil (WPO) was successfully utilized as a polyol substrate, playing a substantially role in PUF generation, acting as a PU binder, and serving as a PU adhesive. The productions of PUF (NCO index of 100) combined with WHF sheets (WHF/PU binder ratio of 60/40) using four distinct fabrication methods (sheet-foam-sheet (SFS), foam-sheet-foam (FSF), foam-foam-foam (FFF), and sheet-sheet-sheet (SSS)) were investigated with a fabrication thickness of 150 mm. The findings indicate that the SFS configuration demonstrates remarkable sound absorption properties, with an average sound absorption (SAA) of 0.59, noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.39, and the highest sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of 0.93 at 1900 Hz, alongside a thermal conductivity of 0.0301 W/mK. Importantly, all four methodologies produce SAC values greater than 0.4, outperforming commercial counterparts while demonstrating low thermal conductivity indicative of effective thermal insulation. The result noted that WHF sheet exhibited self-extinguishing properties, making them suitable for use in construction materials. As a result, SFS emerges as the best method for constructing superior sound absorption and thermal insulation materials. This study emphasizes the potential of waste derived WPO and WHF as advantageous eco-friendly substrates for industrial wall and housing materials.

Biodegradable Foam from Cassava Starch Blended with Water Hyacinth Fiber: Effects of Polyvinyl Alcohol Content

Abstract Our previous investigation revealed that the addition of water hyacinth fiber (WHF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) enhanced the mechanical properties of cassava starch-based foam. However, the effect of PVA concentration on the mechanical properties of starch foam is still unclear. Therefore, this study examined the effects of various concentrations of PVA on the foam’s quality and production process. Four levels of PVA (0, 1, 2, and 3% w/w) were tested on the mixed dough of cassava starch and 15% of WHF. The foam was made by baking the dough on a thermopressing machine at a temperature of 190 °C for 3 min. The quality level of foams was determined by their physical and mechanical (compressibility, water adsorption, density, color appearance, and biodegradability) properties as well as the practicality of the dough preparation and baking processes. As a result, the addition of PVA significantly affects the mechanical properties and ease of making dough. A higher concentration of PVA contributed to a better mixture of the dough, resulting in a smoother mixing process that led to foams with stronger mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the application of 2% and 3% PVA did not make a significant difference in the mechanical and physical properties. Foam with 2% PVA showed 32 N/mm2 of compressibility, 10% water absorptivity, 12% water content, and good biodegradability, with 87% of the material lost during 30 days of burial in the soil.

Identification of Water Hyacinth Fiber (Eichornia Crassipes) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste as an Alternative Material

Synthetic fiber is reinforcing material made and developed by human involving chemical reactions to change the structure or strengthen certain material. Synthetic fiber has high temperature resistance and is sturdy, strong, and elastic. Although synthetic fiber has good properties, it poses a serious problem of non-organic waste. Thus, it encourages changes in composite technology to pay more attention to natural fiber that are enviromentally friendly. This research used water hyacinth fiber and plastic waste as filler and polyester resin as matrix, to determine the mechanical properties of tensile test. The research employed hand lay-up method by arranging the fiber randomly at the composition of fiber variations of 10%, 20%, and 30% of the stress, strain, and modulus elasticityof the composite. The research finding were described in each fiber variations, where the average stress value at fiber variations of 10% 48,556 Mpa, strain was 1,4% and modulus elasticity was 36,264 Mpa. In addition, the fiber variation of 20% contained an average stress value of 44,178 Mpa, strain of 1,3% and modulus elasticity of 35,037 Mpa. Lastly, the fiber variation 30% contained an average stress value of 54,556 Mpa, strain of 1,2% and modulus elasticity of 46,811 Mpa. In the meantime, the tensile strength of 30% fiber variation owned the largest value compared the other fiber variations. While the 10% fiber variation strain owned the largest value compared the other fiber variations. Additionally, the elastic modulus of 30% fiber variation owned the largest value compared to the other fiber variations.

STUDY ON MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF WATER HYACINTH CEMENT COMPOSITES

This study investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of a novel cement composite incorporating water hyacinth, an abundant and under-utilized aquatic plant. The water hyacinth fibers were treated and mixed with cement to create a composite material. Various ratios of water hyacinth to cement were tested to optimize the composites properties. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength were evaluated using standard testing methods. The thermal properties were assessed by measuring the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the water hyacinth cement composites. The test results indicate that the water hyacinth cement composite exhibits promising mechanical strength and improved thermal insulation compared to conventional cement. This research suggests that water hyacinth, often considered a problematic invasive species, could be effectively utilized in sustainable construction materials.

Thermo-Mechanical, Structural, and Biodegradability Properties of Water Hyacinth and Sheep Wool Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Polypropylene Composites

Hybrid fiber reinforcements can incorporate a wider array of qualities than single fiber reinforcement. Instead of synthetic fibers, applying plant and animal-based organic materials as reinforcement in polymer matrix offers certain benefits, such as low price, greater availability, and better biodegradability. In the present study, water hyacinth fiber and sheep wool fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites were fabricated at three different (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) fiber loading. The effect of fiber loading on thermo-mechanical, structural, and biodegradability properties was subsequently investigated. The manufacturing process of the composite material was carried out with utmost consideration for biodegradability, since polypropylene, the primary constituent, is not inherently biodegradable. The insertion of fibers into the polypropylene matrix showed variance in properties of different aspects. The tensile strength of the composites displayed a downward trajectory (from 25 to 10 MPa) with a 15% increase in fiber loading due to voids, and fiber dispersion, while impact strength exhibited an opposite trend (from 25 to 32 J/m). Except for hardness, all the mechanical properties degraded slightly after the employment of the reinforcement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed the movement of typical peaks and the appearance of new peaks demonstrating the bonding between the fiber and the matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature of the composites improved at maximum fiber loading. On the other hand, the goal of achieving biodegradability has been succeeded by the implementation of a combination of plant and animal-based fibers as biodegradability of the manufactured composites thrives with increasing fiber content for the presence of cellulosic bonds, as evident from the FTIR spectrum. Even though some properties of the hybrid composite declined slightly with increasing fiber loading, the other characteristics, including service temperature and biodegradability experienced a prospective advancement. Hence, the 15% fiber-loaded composite was found to be a potential candidate in terms of slightly high temperature and environment-friendly applications.

Manufacturing and Characterization of Composite Boards from Corn Husk Fiber, Water Hyacinth Fibers, and Sawdust Using Epoxy Resin

Composite board has been made with corn husk fiber (CHF), water hyacinth fiber, and wood sawdust using epoxy resin as an adhesive. The composition of each fiberwas varied, and physical tests (density, porosity, water absorption, and thickness expansion) and mechanical tests (modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compressive strength) were carried out, and microstructure was analyzed using SEM-EDX. The results of testing the physical and mechanicalproperties with optimum results were density of 1.03 g/cm3, porosity of 10.48%, water absorption capacity of 10.22%, thickness expansion of 2.91%, MOR 256.05kgf/cm2, MOE 228 kgf/cm2 and compressive strength of 3.19 MPa. The results showed that the physical (porosity, absorption, and thickness expansion) and mechanical (MOR and compressive strength) tests met the standards of SNI 03-2105-2006, while the MOE test did not meet the standards. For density testing, it complies with SNI 01-4449-2006 standards. The composite board can be used as a substitute for wood for furniture materials.

Physics Concept of High School Students in Northern Bone for Ad-vancing Songkok Recca Production

This research aims to determine the physics conceptions of high school students in Northern Bone in developing the production of Songkok Recca using an alternative material, water hyacinth fiber. This qualitative study focuses on a descriptive case, which is the students' perceived lack of conception. The subjects used are four individuals interested in physics and are familiar with the process of making Songkok Recca. The case occurs in the students' school environment, which is also the production site of Songkok Recca. Data collection techniques in this research include observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data is analyzed through several stages, namely data collection, reduction, presentation, and data verification. Based on the research findings and discussions, it can be concluded that the students lack physics conceptions. They are only able to express some physics concepts, while some students are not familiar with those concepts.Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the students lack physics conceptions. They are only able to express some physics concepts, and some students are not familiar with those concepts. Water hyacinth fiber is deemed suitable as an alternative material for making Songkok Recca based on feasibility tests. The average tensile strength of wet water hyacinth fiber is 20.808,74021 N/m2, while the average tensile strength of dry water hyacinth fiber is 841.418,2808 N/m2.

ANALISIS MEKANIK DAN TERMAL MATERIAL KOMPOSIT BERBASIS SERAT ECENG GONDOK SEBAGAI BAHAN KEMASAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

This study aims to analyze the mechanical and thermal properties of water hyacinth fiber-based composite materials as an alternative to environmentally friendly packaging materials. This composite material is produced by mixing water hyacinth fiber with a natural polymer matrix that can decompose easily. Manufacturing methods include mixing, pressing, and thermal treatment processes. The mechanical properties of composite materials, including tensile strength and resistance to deformation, are tested using tensile tests and hardness tests. Thermal analysis is carried out through thermogravimetric tests (TGA) to identify the thermal stability and decomposition of the material. The results showed that the water hyacinth fiber-based composite materials had fairly good mechanical properties in certain mixture compositions, although they were not as strong as composite materials using synthetic fibers. However, this material shows potential in packaging applications that do not require extreme mechanical strength. The mechanical properties of the water hyacinth fiber composite produced lead to the fulfillment of the need for use as packaging, which is light, flexible and not easily broken. The thermal properties of the composites show faster decomposition compared to synthetic fiber based composites, but are still within the acceptable range for single-use packaging. With its environmentally friendly properties, this composite material can be an attractive alternative to reduce the use of plastic in the packaging industry. Nonetheless, improvements in manufacturing processes and material formulations are still required to improve their mechanical and thermal properties and maintain packaging durability under diverse usage conditions.

Water Hyacinth Fiber as a Bio-Based Carbon Source for Intumescent Flame-Retardant Poly (Butylene Succinate) Composites.

In this study, flame-retardant poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites were developed utilizing a bio-based intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system. Water hyacinth fiber (WHF) was used as a bio-based carbon source, while ammonium polyphosphate (APP) served as both an acid source and a blowing agent. Effects of WHF:APP weight ratio and total IFR content on the thermal stability and flammability of WHF/APP/PBS composites were investigated. The results demonstrated that the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite with a WHF to APP ratio of 1:2 and a total IFR content of 45 wt% had a maximum limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.8% and acquired good flame retardancy, with a UL-94 V-0 rating without polymer-melt dripping. Additionally, its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were, respectively, 53% and 42% lower than those of the neat PBS. Char residue analysis revealed that the optimal WHF:APP ratio and total IFR content promoted the formation of a high graphitized intumescent char with a continuous and dense structure. In comparison to the neat PBS, the tensile modulus of the 15WHF/30APP/PBS composite increased by 163%. Findings suggested the possibility of employing WHF, a natural fiber, as an alternative carbon source for intumescent flame-retardant PBS composites.

Extraction and Physicochemical and Thermomechanical Characterizations of Water Hyacinth Fibers Eichhornia crassipes

The presence of floating plants is becoming an uncontrollable issue on the banks of Douala, Cameroon, notably in the city of Bonaberi, where the water hyacinth is expanding incredibly quickly. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and physicochemical performance of water hyacinth fibers for pulp manufacture. To this end, tensile tests on fiber bundles in accordance with ISO 13934-1:2013, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), chemical composition evaluation in accordance with ASTM 1972 and 1977, and absorption rate were carried out. The results obtained indicate that the fiber is composed of a variety of fibrils with irregular cross-sections, with an average diameter ranging from 0.02 to 0.09 mm. The fibers absorb 42.03% of their weight in water, and their density ranges from 1.23 to 1.45 g/cm3. According to mechanical tests, the fiber has a maximum tensile strength of around 0.64 MPa, a specific modulus of 6.45 MPa/g/cm3, and an elongation at break of 1.8%. For the chemical characteristics of the fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents are 68.3%, 11.3%, and 7.4%, respectively, while pectin and ash content concentrations are 4.8% and 7.8%, respectively. Thus, in order to determine whether the plant is suitable for making pulp and paper, this investigation was conducted to examine its fiber properties. It was found that the water hyacinth fibers were superior to flax straw and jute fibers in all qualities, but not as good as silk cotton and bagasse fibers. Given the information above, water hyacinth has been recognized as a potential raw material for the pulp and paper industries, though.

Conversion of Recycled Palm Oil and Water Hyacinth Fiber into Polyurethane Composite Foam—Noise Reduction Media in Oxygen Concentrator Machine

Conversion of Recycled Palm Oil and Water Hyacinth Fiber into Polyurethane Composite Foam—Noise Reduction Media in Oxygen Concentrator Machine

A Green Dual Function Engineering Material—Sound Absorption and Heat Insulation Based on Water Hyacinth Fiber and Waste Palm Oil

A Green Dual Function Engineering Material—Sound Absorption and Heat Insulation Based on Water Hyacinth Fiber and Waste Palm Oil

The Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Gypsum Board Manufactured from Water Hyacinth and Coconut Fiber

This article's purpose was to investigate the mechanical properties and morphological characteristics of gypsum boards. At dosages of 50:100, 75:75, and 100:50 by mass, gypsum plaster (GP) Type 1 was substituted with coconut fiber (CF) and water hyacinth fiber (WHF). While the mechanical qualities of the gypsum board were standard on the TIS 219-2552, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to notice their morphological characteristics. The ASTM C518 standard was used to measure the thermal conductivity (k). Referring to test results, the morphological characteristics of the GP incorporating CF and WHF showed rather roughness, clearly separated both fibers from the plaster surface. Gypsum board voids were reduced compared to WHF. As the void size increased, the thermal conductivity of gypsum boards combined with CF and WHF tended to decrease. Eventually, the bending forces (FL) and water absorption (AW) of the gypsum board with CF mixed WHF were found to be deficient for compliancy with the TIS 219-2552 standard.

The effect of variation in the length of water hyacinth fiber twisted on split tensile strength high performance fiber concrete

One of the weaknesses of concrete is that it has a very small tensile strength, which makes it brittle. Normal concrete has a tensile strength of 9-15% of its compressive strength. To increase the tensile strength of concrete, it is necessary to add fiber. The types of fibers that can be used in concrete can be either natural fibers or non-natural fibers. Various alternatives can be made as an effort to improve the quality of concrete. One of them is by utilizing weeds or weeds into useful materials. One of these disturbing plants is the water hyacinth plant, which is quite abundant and grows very fast. Water hyacinth plants consist of stems, leaf petals, which are rich in fiber, which allows it to be used as an alternative additive in concrete mixtures for construction. The purpose of this research is to try to apply water hyacinth fiber (SEG) 0,75% in high performance concrete (HPC) to determine the effect of the ratio of water hyacinth fiber twisted length on the compressive strength and split tensile strength of high performance concrete with several variants fiber lengths of 2 cm, 1,5 cm and 1 cm. The results showed that the decrease in the compressive strength of water hyacinth fiber-rolled concrete for variations of 2 cm, 1,5 cm and 1 cm were respectively 10,76%, 14,16%, and 18,76% of the reference concrete compressive strength of 45,42 MPa and the highest splitting tensile strength of concrete is in the 1 cm fiber length variation of 3,65 MPa which is 9.89% of the concrete compressive strength of 36,90 MPa. The modulus value decreases with the variation in the length of the fiber strand.

Effect of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) plant into water bodies and its composite materials for commercial applications

Water Hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes) is a free-floating aquatic plant that is commonly found in local water bodies. Its quick emergence and rapid expansion are the main advantages, allowing it to cover entire water surfaces. The government considers the plant to be waste and has invested a significant amount of money to remove it from water bodies. This paper provides a brief overview of the effective use of water hyacinth in wastewater treatment, converting it into WH fiber. By utilizing the water hyacinth fiber and an epoxy matrix, a WH composite is produced. The hyacinth fiber reinforced composite samples attained 27.06 MPa tensile strength and 43.51 MPa flexural strength, and 1.25 J impact strength. Water hyacinth plant presented water bodies water level parameters are tested with the help of the suitcase method. Essential tests, such as mechanical testing, thermal behavior, and characterization techniques (XRD, FTIR, SEM, optical microscope inspection, and water and chemical absorption tests), are conducted. In conclusion, the results suggest that the water hyacinth plant could be better utilized in the production of commercial household applications and lightweight materials in the field of natural fiber composites.