Abstract The water-cooling wall of the furnace often leaks under harsh conditions such as high temperature and pressure, which affects the safety and economic operation of the boiler. To achieve the localization of multiple leakage sources in water-cooling wall, an acoustic positioning method based on improved differential evolution and density-based spatial clustering of application with noise (IDE-DBSCAN) is proposed. The nonlinear equation system is constructed using time delay of arrival (TDOA) obtained by the generalized second cross-correlation algorithm, and the IDE algorithm is used to solve nonlinear equation system and obtain multiple spatial positions corresponding to multiple TDOA sequences. To eliminate false leakage sources, the paper presents IDE-DBSCAN to cluster the multiple estimated positions. The number of clusters obtained is the number of leakage sources, and the cluster centers are the location coordinates of the leakage sources. The numerical simulation results show that compared to traditional acoustic positioning methods, IDE-DBSCAN has higher positioning accuracy and better anti-noise ability. In addition, experiments are implemented on multiple leakage sound sources within a measurement area of 1m×1m×1.06m, and the positioning errors remain within 5cm. The proposed method provides a theoretical basis and experimental verification for further research on multiple leakages localization of water-cooling wall in furnace.
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