Backwash Water Research Articles

Advanced nitrate removal in sulfur autotrophic denitrification biofilter under dissolved oxygen shock and low temperature enhanced by boron oxide and magnesium oxide: Hydrogen sulfide accumulation and regulation

Strengthening nitrate removal stability of sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) under environmental stress is of great urgency. This study established a biofilter filled with S0-based filter material modified by boron oxide and magnesium oxide (FMSBMg). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) accumulation reached 18.89 ± 4.51 mg/L and 7.28 ± 2.03 mg/L in summer and winter. Air and water backwash flow rates of 3 m3/h and 150 L/h could reduce H2S accumulation to below 0.16 mg/L under dissolved oxygen (DO) of 4.4 ± 0.1 mg/L 0.4 ± 0.1 mg/L B3+ and 15.9 ± 0.3 mg/L Mg2+ released from FMSBMg enhanced nitrate removal stability under DO shock and temperature drop. NO3−-Neff reached 5.2 ± 2.2 mg/L at 12.1 ± 0.8 °C. Coexistence of NH4+-N and NO2−-N provided substrates for in situ enrichment of Anammox bacteria. Thiobacillus, Lysobacter and Brocadia abundances accounted for 53.9%, 2.5% and 1.8% in biofilter, respectively. This study could provide theoretical basis for SAD biofilter application and H2S regulation.

Study on PPTA/PEMs/PA composite NF membranes for highly efficient desalination of high-saline Kevlar® brine and long-term anti-scaling performance

It produces a large number of organic brine during the polymerization process of Kevlar®, which contains N-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) (NMP) and high concentrations of CaCl2 and NaCl. The wastewater will cause serious pollution of water and soil resources if discharged directly. The separation and recycling of inorganic salts have been an industrial difficulty. In this paper, based on the novel concept of green self-recycling, we used Poly (p-phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA, resin of Kevlar®) ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate, composited the loose and curled polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) as interlayers and formed a homogeneous polyamide separation layer through interfacial polymerization, from which we obtained the homogeneous reinforcement aramid composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane. The composite NF membranes with different interlayer numbers showed different advantages. For single-component brine, the retentions of PEMs-1/PA membrane were 93 % and 98.4 % for 10 g/L CaCl2 and MgSO4 respectively. For mixed brine of 20 g/L CaCl2 and NaCl, the retentions of PEMs-3/PA membrane were 87.13 % and 1.05 % for CaCl2 and NaCl respectively with the separation factor as high as 82.95. In the test of long-term service stability, PEMs-3/PA maintained stable performance in 4 cycles total of 160 h. And the permeance could almost fully recover after pure water backwash of only 0.5 h. In addition, the structural stability and anti-scaling performance of the PEMs-3/PA membrane were further verified in high-temperature brine. Surprisingly, the obtained PPTA NF membrane in this work could effectively treat the high-saline brine in the Kevlar® polymerization process and would have more promising prospects in the treatment of industrial wastewater of brine.

Identification of microbiological genomes carrying antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes for microbiological risk assessment in filter backwash water

Social development and environmental pollution have worsened the scarcity of global water resources. Recycling filter backwash water (FBW) can enhance water resource efficiency. Systematically investigating the biological risk of FBW for public health is essential. Biological risks such as widely publicized pathogens, emerging antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) were studied. The sand filter backwash water (SFBW) and biological activated carbon filter backwash water (BACFBW) from a DWTP in southern China were sampled over two years. Pathogens and community structure were investigated using 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. ARGs and VFGs were studied using metagenomic sequencing. The BACFBW contained 110 pathogens, 37 ARGs, and 740 virulence factors (VFs), and the SFBW contained 103 pathogens, 75 ARGs, and 832 VFs. The relative abundance of pathogens was higher in summer than in winter for BACFBW. The richness of both ARGs and VFGs in SFBW was higher than in BACFBW. Shortening the backwash cycle could reduce the relative abundance of pathogens in FBW but had no significant effect on ARGs and VFGs in FBW. BACFBW in summer can be reused after appropriately shortening the backwash cycle when controlling the risk of pathogens. The risk of SFBW cannot be reduced by shortening the backwash cycle when controlling ARGs and VFGs. This study provided a basis for safely reusing the sand filter backwash water and biological activated carbon filter backwash water.

The Performance of Pistia Stratiotes and Eichornia Crassipes for the Heavy Metal Removal during Backwash Water from WASRA System

The Performance of Pistia Stratiotes and Eichornia Crassipes for the Heavy Metal Removal during Backwash Water from WASRA System

Water recovery and treatment of spent filter backwash from drinking water using chemical reactor-ultrafiltration process

During routine operations of water treatment plant (WTP), production of spent filter backwash water (SFBW) is inevitable that imposes high operation and maintenance costs. The study investigates treatment and water recovery from SFBW from WTP via combined chemical reactor-ultrafiltration (CR-UF) process. The daily generated SFBW from full-scale treatment plants were treated by the pilot pant of CR-UF process, which is comprised of a primary sedimentation basin, coagulation and flocculation tank immersed UF membrane module. The optimum conditions for CR process were pH 7.5 and FeCl3 dose 20 mg/L, which led to significant removal of turbidity, color, and UV254 that are equal to 97.11 ± 0.10 %, 63.31 ± 1.98 %, and 30.74 ± 0.72 %, respectively. The CR-UF produced permeate with very low turbidity (0.3 ± 0.01 NTU and 93.0 ± 1.1 % removal) has met the water standard of 5 NTU. During the continuous operation of CR-UF process and after three consecutive cycles of UF backwashing, initial flux slightly declined from 8.57 L/m2.h in the 1st cycle to 8.20 L/m2.h in the 3rd cycle, demonstrating the irreversible fouling due to nanoparticle blocking. In four proposed blending of SFBW, the amount of UV254 and TOC did not change significantly (<1 % increase), and additional coagulant was not needed. The hazard index (HI) values for all the population groups were <1, suggesting a minimal adverse health risk regarding the consumption of treated SFBW by the CR-UF process. Overall, the permeate stream of CR-UF process can be reused as a source of raw water for drinking water treatment plant.

Direct filtration of low-turbidity water by fixed-bed ion exchange treatment

In drinking water treatment, low-turbidity water (e.g., < 5 NTU) is often purified by direct filtration comprising coagulation, flocculation, and rapid sand filtration. This study assessed the potential of replacing the rapid sand filter with a fixed-bed ion exchange column. Two types of anion exchange resins, polyacrylic (Purolite A860) and polystyrene (Purolite A502PS), were used in fixed-bed columns without preceding coagulation and flocculation. After the first use of the new resins (14-h operation), the A860 column showed more significant head loss buildup than the A502PS column (151 and 101 cm, respectively). This can be attributed to the effective size of A860 resins (0.38 mm), which was smaller than that of A502PS resins (0.52 mm). A860 resins were superior to A502PS resins in filtrate quality. The A860 resins achieved filtrate turbidity (0.16–0.26 NTU) lower than the A502PS resins (0.19–0.35 NTU). Similarly, dissolved organic carbon removal by A860 resins (25–37 %) was higher than that by A502PS resin (15–25 %) due to the low hydrophobicity of the feed water. Air scouring and water backwashing were ineffective in regenerating A860 resins. In contrast, cleaning with a NaCl solution (pH = 12) partially recovered the capacity of A860 resins for turbidity removal.

The Use of Microfiltration for the Pretreatment of Backwash Water from Sand Filters.

Tests of microfiltration efficiency used for the pretreatment of backwash water from sand filters were conducted at two water treatment plants treating surface water and infiltration water. Microfiltration efficiency was evaluated for three membrane modules: two with polymeric membranes and one with a ceramic membrane. This study showed that the contaminants that limit the reuse of backwash water from both plants by returning them to the water treatment line are mostly microorganisms, including pathogenic species (Clostridium perfringens). Additionally, in the case of backwash water from infiltration water treatment, iron and manganese compounds also had to be removed before its recirculation to the water treatment system. Unexpectedly, organic carbon concentrations in both types of backwash water were similar to those present in intake waters. Microfiltration provided for the removal of organic matter, ranging from 19.9% to 44.5% and from 7.2% to 53.9% for backwash water from the treatments of surface water and infiltration water, respectively. Furthermore, the efficiency of the iron removal from backwash water from infiltration water treatment was sufficient to ensure good intake water quality. On the other hand, manganese concentrations in the backwash water, from infiltration water treatment, pretreated using the microfiltration process exceeded the levels found in the intake water and were, therefore, an additional limiting factor for the reuse of the backwash water. In both types of backwash water, the number of microorganisms, including Clostridium perfringens (a pathogenic one), was a limiting parameter for backwash water reuse without pretreatment. The results of the present study showed the possibility for using microfiltration for the pretreatment of backwash water, regardless of its origin but not as the sole process. More complex technological systems are needed before recirculating backwash water into the water treatment system. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane proved to be the most effective for DOC and microorganism removal from backwash water.

Enhancing gravity-driven membrane system performance in shale gas wastewater treatment: Effect and mechanism of sodium acetate solution backwashing

The low-carbon gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration technology has great potential for treating highly decentralized shale gas wastewater (SGW), but its performance requires further enhancement. This study explores the effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium acetate (NaAc) solution backwashing on enhancing GDM system performance in SGW treatment. Results indicated that NaAc solution backwashing for 30 min per day significantly improved the stable flux, organic matter removal rate, and total organic nitrogen removal rate by 64%, 176%, and 1085%, respectively. Structural and compositional analysis of the biofouling layer revealed that NaAc solution backwashing effectively reduced its thickness and coverage, thereby diminishing filtration resistance and enhancing stable flux. Furthermore, comparative analysis with pure water backwashing and evaluations of microbial community structures demonstrated that NaAc solution, as a carbon source, substantially stimulated microbial activity and growth, and optimized the microbial community within the biofouling layer. Specifically, NaAc solution backwashing selectively enriched functional microbes with denitrification and organic degradation abilities, such as Roseovarius, Marinobacter, Bacillus, and Citreitalea, thereby augmenting the GDM system’s nitrogen and carbon removal capabilities. Overall, the performance improvements observed were primarily attributed to the physical cleaning effects and bioaugmentation function provided by NaAc solution. This study offered valuable insights for designing and optimizing backwashing strategies in the GDM system.

Use of an acrylamide-based anionic polymer for the concentration and removal of Giardia duodenalis cysts from high-turbidity water samples

The increasing investigation into environmental contamination by Giardia spp. cysts and its impact on public health has spurred interest in developing more sensitive methods for detecting these protozoa, particularly in water. However, these methods remain complex and costly. This study evaluated the concentration and removal efficiency of Giardia duodenalis cysts using an acrylamide-based anionic flocculant polymer (AFP) in filter backwash water samples from a water treatment plant (WTP) located in Blumenau City, southern Brazil, and compared them with the calcium carbonate flocculation technique (CCF), which is routinely used for water matrices with high turbidity. The average recovery rates of G. duodenalis cysts using CCF and AFP were 33.33% and 43.33%, respectively, with an average turbidity reduction of 98.39% and 98.78%. The use of an anionic flocculant polymer proved to be an efficient alternative for the concentration and removal of protozoan cysts in water samples with high turbidity. It is important to highlight that the development and application of new studies and strategies aimed at increasing the efficiency of the removal of these organisms from complex environmental matrices would bring benefits to public health and promote a One Health perspective. Keywords: cyst recovery, high turbidity, water.

Health Risk Assessment for Reused Backwash Water from Saveh Water Treatment Plant

Background: The increase in population growth, industries and living standards have caused an increasing need for drinking water in many countries. The reuse of treated water and wastewater is one of the most important options to deal with water shortage. To ensure the correctness of this work, it is necessary that the health risk assessment be reassessed during use so that consumers do not face serious problems. In this regard, the assessment of health risks assessment for the water recovered from the backwashing wastewater of the Saveh water treatment plant was investigated. Methods: To reuse the backwash wastewater from the Saveh water treatment plant, the processes of primary sedimentation and coagulation (in the form of a test jar) were investigated. Metals and heavy metals like iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were examined to evaluate health risks. The initial settling time was 1 hour, the coagulant used was FeCl3 made in Iran, and heavy metal contents were also measured with an Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) device. Results: The value of HRIs for Al, Fe, As, Pb and Cd in the treated spent filter backwash water (SFBW) with primary sedimentation and coagulation was less than "1" and indicates the absence of risk. Conclusion: The treated backwash wastewater treated with primary sedimentation and coagulation processes as well as raw water of the Saveh have no harmful effects in terms of heavy metals, and its reuse will not pose a risk to the health of the consumer.

Efficient chemical and microbial removal of iron and manganese in a rapid sand filter and impact of regular backwash

Aeration followed by rapid sand filtration is a common method in drinking water treatment to remove iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) from anoxic groundwater. To ensure the successful removal of Fe and Mn within a single filter, several factors such as raw water characteristics, backwash procedures and chemical and microbial interactions with the filter medium need to be considered. Here, we assess the characteristics of a single medium rapid sand filter with highly efficient removal of Fe and Mn. Using synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy, we show that formation of ferrihydrite-type Fe oxides in the top of the filter (0–50 cm) accounts for >95 % of the removal of dissolved Fe2+ in the filter. Birnessite-type Mn- oxides, which are thought to be biogenic, form over a wider depth interval (0–110 cm). Results of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicate a corresponding distinct vertical stratification of the microbial community, with potential iron-oxidizing Gallionella, Leptothrix and Sideroxydans dominating in the upper part of the filter, and nitrifiers being more prevalent deeper in the filter. Besides Fe and Mn-oxide, Fe-flocs and bacteriological hollow sheets form in the upper part of the filter. Both the Fe-flocs, hollow Fe-sheets and part of the Fe and Mn coatings are removed through backwashing, thereby reducing the pressure difference measured over the filter medium linked to clogging of pores (from 14 kPa to 1.5 kPa) and ensuring continued water flow. Backwashing removes part of the Gallionella, but this does not negatively impact the filter performance. Strikingly, SEM imaging with EDS mapping revealed alternating layers of Fe and Mn-oxides on the coated grains throughout the filter. This indicates slow mixing of the filter medium between the upper 30 cm and the rest of the filter during backwashing. Slow mixing likely contributes to continued success of the filter by ensuring homogeneous filter bed growth, while still allowing for stratification of the microbial community.

Disinfection as a stabilization method for backwash water reuse

The necessity to limit water use and for using recirculating economy leads to much attention being devoted to the reuse of backwash from filter flushing in water treatment plants. Pre-treatment of backwash water, especially the elimination of harmful substances and microorganisms, is necessary for its reuse. This paper presents an evaluation of the possibility of achieving water backwash biostability from surface and infiltration water treatment plants by subjecting it to chlorination or irradiation with UV light. The results of this study have shown that it is necessary to use large chlorine and radiation doses, irrespective of the type of treated water. At the same time, the optimal disinfection process parameters were determined, which ensured an elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, and limiting the number of other microorganisms. Both analyzed disinfection methods allow for the recirculation of backwash water into the beginning of the water treatment process, yet physical disinfection requires larger investments and operating costs. The increased cost in treating backwash water with UV as compared to chlorine is small, yet it eliminates the problem of the creation of disinfection by-products, whose concentration were significant, but did not exceed the values allowed for drinking water. The disinfection of backwash water from treating surface and infiltration water allowed for a reduction in sourced water in the amount of about 4% of treated water volume.

Removal of particulate matter and dissolved organic matter from sedimentation sludge water during pre-sedimentation process: Performances and mechanisms

Sedimentation sludge water (SSW), a prominent constituent of wastewater from drinking water treatment plants, has received limited attention in terms of its treatment and utilization likely due to the perceived difficulties associated with managing SSW sludge. This study comprehensively evaluated the water quality of SSW by comparing it to a well-documented wastewater (filter backwash water (FBW)). Furthermore, it investigated the pollutant variations in the SSW during pre-sedimentation process, probed the underlying reaction mechanism, and explored the feasibility of employing a pilot-scale coagulation-sedimentation process for SSW treatment. The levels of most water quality parameters were generally comparable between SSW and FBW. During the pre-sedimentation of SSW, significant removal of turbidity, bacterial counts, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) was observed. The characterization of DOM components, molecular weight distributions, and optical properties revealed that the macromolecular proteinaceous biopolymers and humic acids were preferentially removed. The characterization of particulates indicated that high surface energy, zeta potential, and bridging/adsorption/sedimentation/coagulation capacities in aluminum residuals of SSW, underscoring its potential as a coagulant and promoting the generation and sedimentation of inorganic-organic complexes. The coagulation-sedimentation process could effectively remove pollutants from low-turbidity SSW ([turbidity]0 < 15 NTU). These findings provide valuable insights into the water quality dynamics of SSW during the pre-sedimentation process, facilitating the development of SSW quality management and enhancing its reuse rate.

Fault Analysis and Treatment of High-Pressure Backwash Water Pump

Fault Analysis and Treatment of High-Pressure Backwash Water Pump

Cr(VI) removal from fiber cement process waters: a techno-economic assessment

Accumulation of Cr(VI) in industrial fiber cement process water may compromise the product quality and cause health issues. Furthermore, it must be removed from process waters to avoid environmental risks. For this purpose, this work evaluates the potential of advanced nanocelluloses and compare it with the efficiency of conventional adsorbents. The analysis of the industrial process allowed to perform a techno-economic assessment on the long-scale implementation. Among the studied adsorbents, granular (GAC) and powdered activated carbons (PAC) and cationic cellulose nanocrystals (CCNCs) removed >99 % of Cr(VI) from real waters. CCNCs efficiency is linked to their large number of cationic groups. The CCNCs reached adsorption capacities up to 90 times higher than GAC in just 5 min by applying an order of magnitude lower dosages. The cost analysis of GAC adsorption revealed that the ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis treatment of backwashing water costed up to 9.5 US$·m−3. To minimize the generated hazardous wastes, the application of evaporation or a second UF and RO treatments reduced costs in 66 % and 71 %, respectively. The use of high-performance membranes and achieving discounts on GAC purchase, 1.6 US$·m−3 would be reached. This suggests that the CCNCs competitive price would be below 22 US$·kg−1.

Biological Activated Carbon Filtration Controls Membrane Fouling and Reduces By-Products from Chemically Enhanced Backwashing during Ultrafiltration Treatment

Water purification by ultrafiltration (UF) requires regular membrane cleaning via backwashing. In the case of chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB), it can result in the formation of unwanted by-product precursors due to reactions with organic matters present in the backwashing water and accumulating on the membrane. After subsequent disinfection, these precursors are prone to generate trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), posing potential risks to the chemical safety of drinking water. However, limited information was available regarding the removal of these disinfection by-products. In this study, biological activated carbon (BAC) pretreatment followed by UF with chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB) (BAC-UF-CEB) was investigated to mitigate membrane fouling and reduce by-product formation. It was tested in parallel with UF with CEB (UF-CEB) and UF with sole physical backwashing. Compared to UF-CEB, BAC pretreatment prior to UF-CEB reduced transmembrane pressure (TMP) by 49.0%. BAC achieved high removals of dissolved organic carbon (59.99%) and UV254 absorbance (80.82%) in the BAC-UF-CEB effluent. Moreover, BAC-UF-CEB substantially decreased trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potentials by 83.28% compared to UF-CEB. BAC alleviated irreversible membrane fouling by 78.7%. By removing disinfection by-product precursors, BAC-UF-CEB markedly improved treated water quality and chemical safety. This study demonstrates BAC pretreatment effectively mitigates membrane fouling and controls disinfection by-products during UF water treatment.

Engineering nanofiltration membranes based on a two-step modification process with enhanced antifouling and salt separation performance

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes with impenetrable hydration layers and hydrophobic inserts can integrate multiple antifouling properties. This work used a two-step modification process to construct NF membranes with hydrophilic surfaces and low-surface energy inserts innovatively. The construction of antifouling surface consisted of two steps, including sequential grafting of triethanolamine (TEOA) and perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (POTS). Due to modification process by adjusting the pore size distribution and reducing the membrane surface negative charge, the Cl-/SO42- separation selectivity (α) of the modified membrane P-T-PA/PSF reached 49.53, which was 2.31 times higher than the virgin membrane. During the filtration of multiple modelled contaminants, irreversible flux decreases were reduced, and flux recovery after pure water backwashing was above 95% in all cases. Operational stability tests confirmed that P-T-PA/PSF membrane has superior pH stability, chlorine resistance, stability under high contaminant loading, and recoverability. Interfacial thermodynamic analysis quantitatively described the antifouling mechanism that increases the energy barrier of membrane-foulant interaction. This work lays the foundation for preparing NF membranes with enhanced antifouling and salt separation.

Performance evaluation of submerged membrane bioreactor for the removal of microalgae from the source water of a water treatment plant

Freshwater algal blooms negatively impact the operations of water treatment plants when they are present in the source water. In the present study, an application of a low-cost submerged microfiltration membrane bioreactor for the removal of microalgae from a source water reservoir of a water treatment plant was evaluated. The experiments were conducted in different phases to systematically evaluate how different fouling control methods such as air scouring and water backwashing in combination with vibration technique can enhance the flux and removal efficiency of microalgae in a submerged flat sheet microfiltration membrane bioreactor. Combining backwashing with air scouring (Phase 3) positively enhanced the flux by reducing the TMP, but it did not improve the permeate quality in terms of microalgae and turbidity removal. The results of Phase 4 studies confirmed that vibration had a profound effect on microalgae removal compared to backwashing technique while reducing the TMP from 105 to 103 kPa. The average turbidity removal was increased from 76.75% to 82% when vibration is applied. Combining all fouling control methods such as air scouring, backwashing and vibration methods did not appear to be effective for the removal of microalgae and turbidity (Phase 5). In order to signify the energy input on membrane fouling control, flux in each phase was assessed with respect to total power input. In overall, air scouring at a rate of 7 L/min with 50 Hz of vibration appeared to be an optimum condition in controlling fouling without any frequent backwashing.

Particle Classification in the Enhanced Gravity Field Using the Knelson Concentrator

The particle classification in the enhanced gravity field generated by the Knelson concentrator was studied in this paper. Three main test parameters, namely rotation speed, backwash water pressure, and solid mass percentage, that affected the classification performance of the Knelson concentrator for the classification tests of quartz and synthetic ore, which consisted of quartz and magnetite, were investigated. The yield of quartz concentrate increased with the rotation speed and decreased with the solid mass percentage and backwash water pressure. A lower backwash water pressure and solid mass percentage could improve the classification efficiency. The classification performance of the Knelson concentrator was comparable to that of the traditional hydrocyclone, with a classification efficiency of 76.84% and cut size of 49 μm when the solid mass percentage was 16.67%, the backwash water pressure was 50 kPa, and the rotation speed was 3600 rpm. The classification performance of quartz in synthetic ore tests was inferior to the single quartz tests, and the magnetite showed a better classification efficiency than the quartz with the same combination of test parameters. This study revealed the classification performance in the separation process of the Knelson concentrator in detail, which was beneficial for clarifying the migration rule of fine-grained minerals in the enhanced gravity field.

MONITORING THE QUALITY OF CLEAN WATER TREATMENT IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT FILTRATION UNIT USING THE BACKWASH METHOD

Water for an industry is a supporting material for both direct and indirect activities to support several systems. Requirements for the quality of water used in industry vary depending on its intended use. Water that comes from nature generally does not meet the necessary requirements so it must undergo a processing process first. Raw water sources play a very important role in the clean water industry. Raw water is the beginning of a process in the supply and treatment of clean water. Water Treatment Plant (WTP) or Water Treatment Plant (IPA) is a system/facility that functions to treat water from contaminated raw (influent) water to obtain the desired water quality treatment according to quality standards. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treated water quality and backwash effectiveness by comparing the values of chemical and physical parameters before and after the backwash process in the filtration process unit of a clean water treatment plant. After conducting the tests, it was concluded that the backwash process is very effective in maximizing the performance of a filtration process unit. The effective value of acidity (pH) is (0-5)%, hardness and turbidity is (40-50)%, total dissolved solid (TDS) is (5-10)% and conductivity is (10-20)%. This also shows that the quality of the water tested has met the quality standards in accordance with Permenkes No. 492 of 2010.