Wastewater Installations Research Articles

Peracetic acid treatment for removing steroid hormones in a pilot-scale wastewater installation

The global water scarcity challenge urges sustainable solutions such as wastewater reuse, which is crucial to alleviate pressure on dwindling freshwater sources. However, this approach must address the presence of emerging pollutants (EPs), demanding specific treatment processes to ensure water safety and environmental protection. Peracetic acid (PAA) has garnered global interest due to its high oxidation potential and production of low-toxicity byproducts, making it a promising alternative for wastewater decontamination. This study aimed to assess PAA efficacy in removing three EPs: estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Conducted in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment facility using real wastewater, the study explored six operational conditions, with varying PAA concentrations (5 mg/L to 15 mg/L) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 5, 10, and 15 min. Control parameters were monitored throughout the study. The condition with 15 mg/L PAA and 15 min HRT was the most efficient achieving over 85 % removal efficiency for all three compounds. The condition with 15 mg/L PAA and 10 min HRT was less efficient, achieving 70 % removal for E1 and 60 % and 44 % for E2 and EE2, respectively. A Spearman correlation matrix identified temperature and E. coli as strongly correlated with EPs removal, potentially influencing PAA decay. Overall, PAA demonstrated effective removal of target EPs under real wastewater conditions, underscoring its viability as a sustainable alternative for enhancing wastewater treatment processes, contributing to environmental protection and public health. Future studies could explore the long-term efficiency of PAA application and its scalability.

Water Conservation Planning at Telkom University Landmark Tower Bandung Campus

Telkom University makes efforts in developing higher education facilities and capacities by constructing new campus buildings. One of the supports for improving services is sanitation infrastructure in the form of installations consisting of clean water installations, wastewater installations and ventilation, and rainwater installations with the concept of installed clean water. Each building that will be built in the area of West Java Province applies the concept of green buildings and conservation air as regulated in the Regional Regulation of West Java Province 13 of 2013 concerning Buildings, including campus building builders so that business actors are required to implement water management which aims to maintain quality, quantity, and continuity of clean water in West Java Province. The implementation of the installation with the concept of green buildings and air conservation is carried out at the Telkom University Landmark Tower building, which aims to use clean water in the building which can be more efficient because the location of the building is in a clean water distress zone based on the basin map of West Bandung Regency. The implementation of water conservation that is planned is WAC-3 waste water recycling (water recycling) which can be used as a rinse and watering the garden. Construction of infiltration wells which functions to reduce rainwater runoff and increase groundwater reserves, WAC-5 rainwater storage (rainwater storage) which can be used as alternative raw water. The use of the WAC-2 water-saving sanitary device (water feature) uses water usage and PDAM water costs. The application of air conservation that ignores water is 17.5% in the dry season and 61.5% in the rainy season of the clean water need total.

Water Treatment Installation Network Design In Kali Veda Housing - Merauke

The rapid population growth that makes Merauke Regency need to be anticipated, especially in the amount of waste that can damage infrastructure such as roads, bridges, drainage, good health. To find out the dimensions of a wastewater installation by considering the capacity of the house needed from a house in the planning location. The research method used is the calculation, calculation and design According to the population to Obtain the population, the dimensions of construction of the WWTP and the design results According to the population. The results of the study of wastewater in the residential area of Kali Veda in Merauke vary greatly, ranging from floating in light gray, brown to black, starting from the smell of waste water (replace). The amount of wastewater is determined to be 60-80%. The value of community sanitation in the score is not good Because The ideal average value (Mi) is <37.25 with a value of 37.13%. Communal wastewater with a plan for 20 years. The population is 1,875 people, the criteria is 80 L / person / day. The average discharge is 42 liters / day / person, peak discharge is 75.6 liters / day / person. Processing capacity of 142.8 m3 in 2037. The design of the fat separator volume is 29.54 m3, the reservoir Leveling / wastewater design has a volume of 47.27 m3, the initial settling tank has a volume of 29.54 m3, settling volume 29, 54 m. Filter media is used as a medium for the plastic material, durable, has a large specific area, light and Also has a large volume of the cavity so that the deadlock media is very small. The pipe diameter of (black water) is 100 mm, material from PVC, Pipe diameter (gray water) is 100 mm, material from PVC. The diameter of the main pipe is 150 mm.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI AIR BERSIH DAN AIR LIMBAH PADA GEDUNG CONTINUING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA

Human activity in a building is closely related to the use of clean water. Planning for clean water and wastewater installations at the Continuing Program Development Program Building State University of Surabaya is carried out in order to meet water needs and the disposal process, as well as to estimate the budget. The method used is hydraulic analysis with SNI 03-7065-2005 as standard. The data required are technical specifications, design drawings, designed planning facilities and the Surabaya City HSPK in 2019. The need for clean water is determined using the number of users on each floor of the building. The planning of clean water pipe dimensions uses the Hazen-William method, while the dimensional planning of wastewater pipes and ventilation pipes uses the unit load plumbing method. The results of the calculation of large clean water needs 222.64 m3 / hour; clean water pipe dimensions range ¾ "- 5"; black water pipe diameter 4 "and grey water pipe diameter range 1" - 2 "; vent pipe diameter 2 "and 4"; Plumbing installation planning costs Rp. 2,481,776,832.00.

Insight into the secondary imbibition rate of concrete and its relationship with curing time

Long-term capillary imbibition in cementitious materials is relevant to describe their durable behaviour. Many structures are exposed to long-term contact with moisture, such as foundations or wastewater installations. After several weeks, when capillary rise is no longer progressing, a distinguished change in the slope (from the mass gain - fourth root of time relation) is noticed. Primary and secondary imbibition rates (PIR and SIR, respectively) can be obtained from such behaviour. Contrary to the widely investigated PIR, usually defined as the capillary absorption rate, the SIR has been scarcely examined. Data from literature of tests in concrete lasting more than 7 days is very limited. To form a better view of this process, we contrasted values of SIR and porosity (water accessible porosity under vacuum and intrudable porosity by mercury intrusion porosimetry). Moreover, we used statistical inference to evaluate the evolution of the SIR of mixes with different composition and curing age. This paper presents the effect of curing on the SIR and the relation between porosity changes and SIR. Despite the decrease in capillary porosity and intrudable porosity, SIR increases with curing time. This is probably due to a connection between SIR and the increasing C-S-H content with time.

Hydrodinamic Processes Control System for Wastewater Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Abstract In this study, it is presented a multicriterial approach of the automatic management techniques of industrial installations using wastewater. This has an extremely positive effect on the economical results of the entire irrigation and wastewater equipment. Choosing the automatic management by a neural networks system is the result of several stages of analysis, modelling and simulation of hydrodynamic processes that take place within the wastewater installation on each equipment and in its integrity. The study exposes an analysis and offers a solution of automatic management of the installation of irrigation using wastewater.

Post utilization of eceng gondok and ketapang leaf extract to reduce phosphate levels in domestic waste

Utilization of enceng gondok (Eichornia crassipes) and ketapang (Terminalia catappa) was to reduce phosphate levels in domestic waste. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract in reducing phosphate levels in household wastewater and determine the optimal time that can be generated of the use of a combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract. The approach of this research is an experimental study that aims to treat domestic phosphate-containing wastewater, using small-scale wastewater installations with a simple process for the treatment of waste produced from households. The results of this study showed that the combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract effectively had a significant effect in reducing the value of phosphate content in the wastewater. While the optimal residence time in this study was obtained, a decrease in phosphate levels using a combination of E. crassipes and T. cattapa leaf extract occurred on the 18th day.

Analisis Air Limbah Pada Dapur Praktek di Politeknik Pariwisata Makassar

The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.

Study of The Health Promotion Strategy of Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in Kejawan Putih Tambak Village Surabaya City

Community-Led Total Sanitation (CTLS) is an approach to transform hygienic and sanitary behaviors. There are five pillar of CLTS is Open Defecation Free (ODF), wash hand wih soap, food and beverage management, waste management and management of household waste. The phenomenon that occurre in the kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak is still there are 14 of 1.697 houses which do not have a healthy latrine and drain household wastewater into the river. This study examined the health promotion strategy of the CTLS program in kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak. This study is a qualitative research with participatory methode and analyzed descriptively. CTLS has five pillars that need to be achieved by the community. In kelurahan Kejawan Putih Tambak pillar of Open Defecation Free (ODF) and pillar of household liquid waste safe management have not been achieved optimally. It is caused by the lack of a policy and there is no a firm commitment to the perpetrators who dispose feces into the river. Moreover, there is no law enforcement as well and no commitment to collect public dues facilitated by the government or private to create appropriate latrine. Therefore, it is necessary to draft new strategies by giving sanction to open defecation perpetrators. making law enforcement, improving community awareness and making commitment to build communal wastewater installation.

Modeling the Chlorine Gas Dispersion in the Water Treatment Plant

An issue rose for industrial safety and successful address of crisis involves quick and pragmatic decision that would reduce losses and accidents. This will become practical when in addition to studying of past accidents the industrial executives create the necessary readiness to face risks through precise estimation of the consequences of eventual accidents. The present research concerns modeling the consequences of chlorine gas dispersion in the wastewater installations. The transfer of knowledge and information in this study were gained from modeling the dispersion of chlorine in the water treatment plants, useful for managers and executives. Detection and specifying the risks of chlorine for the public and especially the staff and those residing near the water treatment plant, would result in the appropriate action against this lethal substance, which is the subject of this study. Identification of risks related to foreign agents and their negative impacts on water treatment plants containing chlorine tanks is among the objectives of this study. The modeling and accurate specification of the scope and level of danger created following the dispersion of chlorine was done using the PHAST software, which allowed a clear identification of danger zones created by the dispersion of Chlorine. This text reports the radius of areas affected by chlorine dispersion as well as the results of different conditions after running the model for variable physical and process conditions, and given their availability, these results can be compared with each other.

Urban Environmental Management Performance Assessment by Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Processing (FAHP)

In recent decades, the world’s population growth and concentration in mega cities have caused several environmental, social and economic problems. Environment management audit has always been considered as a major challenge in urban management. Providing an appropriate model for the raters makes their personal judgments routinely minimized and obtains a more realistic assessment of the present situation. Using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Processing and collating it with audit programs can help them to achieve this goal. In the present research study, using stand- ards, the environmental indices have been determined in urban manage- ment and then using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Processing method, the weight and importance level of the indices have been set and the evalua- tion pattern was presented. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model for auditing the environment and one of Tehran’s municipality regions was selected to do a case study. The results showed that the most important problems in the field of environmental manage- ment in a megacity like Tehran are in areas such as transport and traffic management, waste-water installation and solid waste management which have been unsatisfactory in some areas under study. Applying the pro- posed model has provided urban management with the possibility to iden- tify weaknesses of its collection and remove discrepancies by investing in the issue and causing a continuous improvement of the environment in their management zone.

Lifecycle cost saving benefits

Lifecycle cost calculations in wastewater installations can realise huge savings over time for the wastewater company. The lifecycle costs summarise the total cost of a wastewater installation – and in this regard the pump system plays a major role. This article looks at the many variables that make selection a success.

Prevention of biofilm formation in water and wastewater installations by application of TiO2 nano particles coating

In this research we tried to prevent formation of a biofilm layer which is the major reason of biological corrosion by using TiO2 coating. TiO2 is a photocatalyst material which can produce free hydroxyl radicals and super oxide ions by receiving energy from UV light irradiation. These produced radicals are very strong oxidants which cause oxidation of organic materials, penetration in and deterioration of cellular membranes and cause inhibition of microorganisms and at last prevents the biological layer growth. In this research, TiO2 thin films with antibacterial activity were prepared on glass slides (width = 2.5 cm, length = 10 cm) by using the sol–gel method. Samples with TiO2 coating and control samples without TiO2 coating, placed in the water containing various kinds of microorganism were exposed to UV irradiation. To study the thickness and the amount of biofilm formation the weighting method has been applied. After 30 d monitoring the control samples were covered by biofilm and this layer thickened. After analyzing data, it was shown that the growth of biofilm on the coating samples is less than the control samples. So this study shows that using of TiO2 coating is an effective way for prevention MIC.

The creation of management systems for funding priorities in wastewater project in rural communities in the Islamic Republic of Iran

For sustainable development an integrated cost-effective approach focused on the goal of health and environmental protection is necessary. In Iran more than 22 million people live in rural communities. A little more than 92% of the rural population in Iran have access to safe drinking water supply, but only less than 0.2% have sanitary wastewater disposal system. Groundwater is the main resource of water supply in rural communities in Iran and contaminated or untreated groundwater can be the major reason for waterborne diseases outbreak and wastewater discharge is the main cause of groundwater contamination. In new strategy in Iran's wastewater company, the importance of wastewater treatment is equal to water treatment in rural communities and the main goal in this section is providing sanitary wastewater disposal system for 8% of rural areas until 2010 and 30% until 2020. One of the most important limitations for establishment of wastewater disposal system is the limitation of governmental funds. For this reason, a national program was performed for ranking of rural communities with the goal of improving the funding effectiveness in wastewater management in rural communities. Many important criteria were considered for determination of priorities, these criteria include: population, population density, water consumption and wastewater generation, wastes disposal systems at present, environmental and health risks, agricultural and industrial wastewater, social conditions specially public participation, investment simplicity and type of living (seasonal or permanent). For collection of information about rural community, according to the criteria, a questionnaire was designed with 40 quantified questions. Questionnaires completed for all rural areas with more than 400 people population (more than 77% of rural population of the country). Completed questionnaires were analyzed with specific software for ranking of villages according to above mentioned criteria. Right now the classification of villages is available in provinces of the country from environmental and health crisis and funding points of view and we know whereabouts have priority for establishment of wastewater installations.

Upcoming new international measurement standards in the field of building acoustics

The extensively completed revision of most of the ISO measurement standards in building acoustics mainly initiated by the European Commissions demand for harmonized standards emphasized the insight that the main goal to avoid trade barriers between the countries can only be reached when the standards sufficiently and comprehensively cover the field when they are related to the actual state of the art and when they are sufficiently related to practice. In modern architecture one can observe the rapid change in the use of building materials, for instance regarding the use of glass. Lightweight constructions as well as heavyweight building elements with additional linings are increasingly in common use and unquestionably there are consequences to be considered regarding the ascertainment of sound insulation properties. Besides others, International Standardization is unsatisfactory regarding the assessment of noise in buildings from waste water installations, in the low frequency area and in general regarding the expression of uncertainty of measurements. Intensity measurements in building acoustics, rainfall noise assessment, estimation of sound insulation, impulse response measurement methods, assessment of sound scattering are examples of upcoming standards.

Particle removal in different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment - a comparison

In seven wastewater installations in the area of Zürich, Switzerland, four different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment (deep bed, cloth drum, continuous up-flow and cell filters) were investigated with special attention to particle size distributions in the in- and outflow of the flocculation and the filtration step. Flocculation and filter performance was characterised by the shift of particle number curves. For each filter, particle number, surface and volume removal as a function of particle size was determined and revealed to be an excellent tool to evaluate the filter plants under practical conditions. The number removal efficiency for small particles in the colloidal size range proved to be the most sensitive parameter and could be related to operating parameters such as flocculant dose and filtration rate. The results of the particle analysis were compared to quality parameters related to small particles such as micro-organism and heavy metal concentrations. A good agreement between the removal of small size particles (&amp;lt; 8 μm) and bacteria counts as well as copper was found in the different filter systems. The filters were finally classified according to their particle removal performance.

Particle removal in different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment - A comparison

In seven wastewater installations in the area of Zürich, Switzerland, four different filtration systems for tertiary wastewater treatment (deep bed, cloth drum, continuous up-flow and cell filters) were investigated with special attention to particle size distributions in the in- and outflow of the flocculation and the filtration step. Flocculation and filter performance was characterised by the shift of particle number curves. For each filter, particle number, surface and volume removal as a function of particle size was determined and revealed to be an excellent tool to evaluate the filter plants under practical conditions. The number removal efficiency for small particles in the colloidal size range proved to be the most sensitive parameter and could be related to operating parameters such as flocculant dose and filtration rate. The results of the particle analysis were compared to quality parameters related to small particles such as micro-organism and heavy metal concentrations. A good agreement between the removal of small size particles (< 8 µm) and bacteria counts as well as copper was found in the different filter systems. The filters were finally classified according to their particle removal performance.

Review of Operating Experience Of Ozone Systems In Municipal Plants In The United States

Abstract The treatment chemical ozone has now been successfully used in the United States in municipal water and wastewater plants for many years. To insure continuous, successful operations of these applications, operating obstacles had to be dealt with and overcome. In this paper, examples of field operating problems and their solutions are described. The experiences at specific municipal water and wastewater installations are reviewed in detail. Discussed for each example are : the background and effects of the problem, the problem-solving process, and the eventual resolution of the problem. The examples include simple unit operations to entire processes. By observing the ozone installation's operation several years after start-up, the design of future ozone systems can be improved and operating problems minimized.