Wastewater Quality Control Research Articles

Inactivation of biohazards in healthcare wastewater by E-Beam and Gamma irradiation: a comparative study.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of irradiation by Gamma rays and Electron Beam (E-Beam) on naturally occurring microorganisms shed in healthcare wastewater issued from multi-specialties hospital. We examined the susceptibility of naturally occurring total indicator bacteriophages towards Gamma rays and E-Beam irradiation to evaluate their appropriateness as viral indicators for healthcare wastewater quality control. Results showed that healthcare wastewater is a rich matrix containing bacteriophages surrogates of pathogenic waterborne viruses (4.5 Log10 PFU/100mL for SOMCPH and 2.3 Log10 PFU/100mL for FRNAPH), antibiotic resistant bacteria (Mean concentrations from 2.3 to 5.5 Log10 CFU/100mL), molds and yeasts (2.7 Log10 CFU/100mL), and spores of Clostridium perfringens (Mean concentration of 3.3 Log10 CFU/100mL). After E-Beam irradiation, naturally occurring bacteria in healthcare wastewater showed lower resistance patterns (D10 values ranging between 0.21 ± 0.005 and 0.59 ± 0.005) compared to those obtained after Gamma irradiation (D10 values ranging between 0.25 ± 0.015 and 0.70 ± 0.0001). Spores of Clostridium perfringens were the most resistant assayed microbes either after E-Beam (D10 values of 3.74 ± 0.005) or Gamma irradiation (D10 values of 4.77 ± 0.025) of collected samples. According to inactivation patterns, a dose of 10kGy was sufficient for a complete inactivation of spores. Bacteriophages isolated from healthcare wastewater showed the same resistance patterns as those previously obtained in urban treated sewage and were inactivated using higher doses than waterborne bacteria (D10 values of SOMCPH 1.46 ± 0.057; D10 values of FRNAPH 1.03 ± 0.057). Their resistance to irradiation treatment in such complex matrix corroborates their use to survey the viral quality of healthcare wastewater before their discharge in the urban sanitation network. D10 value analysis showed that bacteria and bacteriophages inactivation by E-Beam irradiation required lower doses than those required for their inactivation using Gamma rays. According to inactivation patterns, a dose of 7kGy was sufficient for total inactivation of both pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Thus, E-Beam irradiation seems to be an efficient physical pre-treatment process for healthcare wastewater treatment prior to its discharge in urban sanitation system to ensure compliance with environmental standards and protect public health.

Automated control systems for wastewater discharges in the pulp and paper industry

The algorithm and the experience of implementing automated systems for monitoring the quality of waste in the pulp and paper industry in the framework of a unified system of industrial environmental control are being considered. The required list of wastewater parameters subject to automated control is determined. The main technical and operational characteristics of automated wastewater quality control instruments included in the unified state register of measuring instruments are being considered. The problems of introduction of automated wastewater quality control systems in the Russian Federation are being considered.

Enhancing ecological-economic efficiency of intensive shrimp farm through in-out nutrient budget and feed conversion ratio

In aquaculture systems, insufficient nutrients impede shrimp growth while excessive amounts of nutrient inputs lead to environmental degradation and unnecessary high investment. A study of in-out nutrient budgets in an intensive Litopenaeus vannamei farm was conducted in this work to measure the amount of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) input and output from the system. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained to determine the level of nutrient input performance. Between September and December 2017, monthly water and sediment samples were taken within one crop cycle. Nutrient concentrations in sediment and water increased over 90 days. The total nitrogen concentration in the pond water and effluents were in accordance with wastewater quality control for aquaculture; however, the total phosphorus concentration failed to meet the water quality control from the water input through the end of the crop cycle. The nutrient budget model showed that the input/output contained 107.8 kg N and 178.4 kg P. Most of the N input came from shrimp diets (80%) while most of the P came from fertilizer (57%). Both N (46%) and P (54%) mainly deposited in the sediment as an output process. The FCR of this farm is 2.0. Based on the 1.8 FCR scenario, this farm could reduce 147 kg of feed in total, which accounts for 9.04 kg N and 2.21 kg P reduction. The farmer could save $1027 USD crop− 1 ($1 USD = 32.7 baht), as well as reducing uneaten food at the bottom of the pond. This study offers a simple and straightforward model that can practically reduce environmental impacts and increase the profitability of farms.

Purification of organic pollutant by the novel ternary complex

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)–TiO2 nanotube (TNT) composites sensitized by Meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (H2TCPP/rGO–TNT) have been synthesized successfully with improved hydrothermal and heat reflux synthesis process. The chemical structure and performances of H2TCPP/rGO–TNT composites have been characterized by TEM-EDS-SAED, DRS and XRD. The influences of both rGO and/or H2TCPP for TNT to adsorb and degrade Rhodamine-B (RhB) have been analyzed by DRS. In addition, the degradation results showed a purification of more than 93 % RhB in wastewater, which is about 4.6 times higher than that of the pure TNT. The experimental results revealed that H2TCPP/rGO–TNT own superior degradation activity. This phenomenon is due to the excellent photons-capture system of the H2TCPP, and the high photoinduced electron mobility characteristic of graphene acceptor. Thus, these materials can be employed to degrade organic pollutants, and effectively applied in wastewater quality control and its treatment.

Development of Simple Bacterial Biosensor for Phenol Detection in Water at Medium Concentration using Glass Microelectrode

Water is one of the most fundamental natural resources in earth. The availability of clean water becomes a global interest. Many human activities result in water pollution. One from many pollution substances in water is phenol. Phenol is a very common residual compound in industrial activity. Extensive use of phenol in industry degrades water quality. Regulation has been set in many countries to prevent further damage to the water resource caused by phenol and limiting phenol concentration in water before released into the environment. Therefor it is importance to develop a sensor which can detect phenol concentration in water to be used as a wastewater quality control system. This paper presents a development of bacterial biosensor using Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens as a biological sensitive material. The sensor was made from glass micro electrode using Ag/AgCl electrode as reference electrode, silver electrode and cellulose ester. The Pseudomonas putida was entrapped inside the nutrient solution and separated by cellulose ester membrane from water containing phenol. It was found that the Pseudomonas putida in used must be growth in 10 hours to reach its optimum growth condition. Linear relationship between biosensor output voltages to phenol concentration was measured for phenol concentration below 200 ppm. The sensitivity of the developed biosensor was 72mV/ppm for Pseudomonas putida and 68.8 mV/ppm for Pseudomonas fluorescens .

Analytical control of the wastewater treatment process by a generalized on-line water quality index: Choice of analytical procedure and development of monitoring technology

Rationalization and experimental confirmation of an efficient method of on-line waste water quality control using a generalized monitoring parameter, have been carried out, basing on the analysis and evaluation of modern technologies for industrial waste water quality control. A version of the practical processing of information intended for implementing the broadband spectroscopy for on-line quality control of the treatable water is described, as well as the structure and an example of the scheme of waste water treating device are presented, which include the system of operational control of water quality.

Keeping a Plant in Service During a $50 Million Project - Design and Construction Challenges During Upgrade and Expansion of the Manteca Wastewater Quality Control Facility

Keeping a Plant in Service During a $50 Million Project - Design and Construction Challenges During Upgrade and Expansion of the Manteca Wastewater Quality Control Facility

EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF A CLOTH DISK FILTER TO MEET TITLE 22 REUSE CRITERIA

EVALUATION AND DESIGN OF A CLOTH DISK FILTER TO MEET TITLE 22 REUSE CRITERIAThe City of Manteca (City) Regional Wastewater Quality Control Facility (WQCF) is adding filtration and UV disinfection facilities to meet California Title 22 wastewater reuse criteria. The cloth disk filter (CDF), manufactured by Aqua-Aerobic Systems, Inc. (AAS) was evaluated and selected as the technology for use at the WQCF. The evaluation process included a pilot filter study, researching...Author(s)Alison FuruyaGraham CalcianoDave RichardOnder CaliskanerPhil GoveaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75: Municipal Wastewater Treatment Processes: Advanced (Tertiary) Treatment for Low Effluent ConcentrationsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:9L.6152;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783815186Volume / Issue2005 / 9Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)6152 - 6164Copyright2005Word count192

Implementing NWRI Guidelines for UV Disinfection for Water Reuse: Pitfalls and Practical Advice

Implementing NWRI Guidelines for UV Disinfection for Water Reuse: Pitfalls and Practical AdviceThe City of Manteca (City) discharges secondary effluent to the San Joaquin River near Stockton in Northern California. The Manteca Wastewater Quality Control Facility (WQCF) is a 7.5 mgd activated sludge-biofilter plant that has been recently upgraded to full nitrification. Chlorination and dechlorination of secondary effluent has been accomplished historically with chlorine and sulfur dioxide...Author(s)Graham CalcianoRachid Ait-LasriDave RichardPhil GoveaSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2: Reclaimed WaterDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:1L.100;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783978393Volume / Issue2005 / 1Content sourceDisinfection and Reuse SymposiumFirst / last page(s)100 - 113Copyright2005Word count408

Improved Apparatus for Rapid Mercury Determination by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract A glass reaction vessel is described and the convenience and simplicity of its use in cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometric determination of mercury are pointed out. The vessel is easy to construct and requires only 15 s for collection of the analytical signal. It provides for continuous flow of carrier gas, and contains a septum-covered sample injection port, a buret for rapid introduction of reagent, and a drain stopcock. Using this apparatus, the relative standard deviation is 2.9% at the 40 ng Hg/mL level. The detection limit is 1 ng/mL. Applicability of the apparatus is proved by analysis of 3 commercial waste water quality control samples.

Water and wastewater quality control and the public health.

This paper describes the public health hazards associated with the use of water and the protection provided by engineering control of such hazards. It presents first the problems of drinking water supply, and then those of wastewater management. It discusses the engineering approaches to con­ trolling the microbial agents of water-borne diseases and the chemicals that have been actually or potentially implicated in producing human illness through the water route. It focuses on chemical contaminants of industrial origin; on trihalomethanes, which result from the reaction of chlorine and natural humic substances; and on inorganic compounds of special health interest. The future role of dual water supplies in communities is consid­ ered. The paper describes the sharply increasing concern with deteriorating quality of groundwater sources. The following major components of a wastewater management program are described in some detail: water qUality objectives, wastewater treatment, and water quality surveillance. The paper discusses the effects of disposing of wastewaters by application on land. It examines the problems of com­ bined sewer overfl ows and nonpoint pollution, the latter having emerged as a perhaps more frustrating and, from a public health point of view, more significant problem than the point source of pollution. Finally, the paper describes the important problem of wastewater residuals management, namely, control of sludges and industrial waste liquor concentrates.