Wastewater Emissions Research Articles

Applications and Analysis of the Composite wall on Construction in Heilongjiang Province

Applications and Analysis of the Composite wall on Construction in Heilongjiang Province

Green dyeing of cotton fabrics by supercritical carbon dioxide

Green dyeing process with zero waste water emission is a hot topic recently. This paper reveals that supercritical carbon dioxide is the best candidate for this purpose. Effects of thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy and entropy of activation, on dyeing process are studied experimentally.

Pilot-scale integrated membrane system for the treatment of acrylonitrile wastewater

The production of acrylonitrile exceeds 5milliontons every year throughout the world, which leads to the huge emission of acrylonitrile wastewater. Hence, treating the acrylonitrile wastewater remains challenging. In this study, a pilot scale integrated membrane system (IMS) consisting of ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was proposed to treat the highly concentrated acrylonitrile wastewater from petrochemical plants. A preliminary techno-economic study for a 24m3/day wastewater treatment pilot plant was conducted. The system runs smoothly in 1600h operation. In treating acrylonitrile wastewater with COD 22,000–30,000mg/L, NH3-N 14–40mg/L, CN− 20–55mg/L, the effluent water quality of IMS was COD<3000mg/L, NH3-N<10mg/L, CN−<5mg/L. The results show that the developed IMS is effective for the treatment of acrylonitrile wastewater and industrialization of IMS is prospective.

Desafios de adequação à questão ambiental em frigorífcos na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão: diagnóstico de situação

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de elaborar um diagnóstico dos desafios de adequação à questão ambiental em frigorífcos na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão. Para a realização deste estudo foram efetuadas entrevistas e coletas de amostras de efluente líquido em três frigorífcos que abatem bovi-nos, no período de setembro a dezembro de 2012. Foram anali-sadas também as ações empreendidas e a postura da empresa com relação às questões ambientais. Os impactos ambientais do abate de bovinos na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, envolve uma série de questões, com destaque para o armazenamento e transporte incor-reto dos resíduos sólidos, alta dependência de água, emissão de efluentes em desconformidade com a legislação vigente e libera-ção de odor fétido. A partir das entrevistas foi possível constatar que as principais limitações das empresas para a sustentabilidade ambiental são a não valorização do meio ambiente e a ausência de uma liderança para defesa e difusão dessa questão. Dessa forma, conclui-se que os frigorífcos na cidade de São Luís, Maranhão, não estão preocupados em manter seu processo produtivo sem causar danos ao meio ambiente.

Analysis of the Eco-Efficiency Change of Chinese Provinces

Eco-efficiency, being a matter of concern all over the world, is gaining increasing attention in the fields of economic and environment. This paper just investigates the relationship between economic development and environmental sustainability in Chinese provinces focused on the eco-efficiency calculation. In this paper, by the index of eco-efficiency into economic effect (er) and environment effect (ee), thus an effect matrix is framed; and a new method that can analyze the relationship between the economic development and environment sustainability is outlined and applied to evaluate the eco-efficiency change of 31 provinces of China during 2006-2010. Empirical results show that Beijing city is found to be the only one that has improved its eco-efficiency in the absolutely strong sustainability paradigm at all three environmental impacts; while most of other areas have taken on a paradigm of weak sustainability at some specific environmental impact; the country as a whole presents a weak sustainability paradigm for its solid waste production and the absolutely strong sustainability one both in its waste water and SO2 emission production. The effect matrix analysis constitutes a new way to assess the change of the eco-efficiency in an area, which seems very promising to judge the state of an area's eco-efficiency change toward sustainability and provides the sound foundation to support policy making.

Assessment of Treating Laundry Wastewater Using Composites Based on Industrial Waste

For a long time, a large number of residential laundry wastewater emissions increased heavy burden to the city sewage treatment plant and brought serious pollution to the surface water. This study uses industrial waste (slag, fly ash) as substrate, mixed with some binder and pore forming agent to produce spherical composite materials for the study on adsorption of washing wastewater. Experiments show that the main pollutants of the laundry wastewater with sodium n-alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) are obviously removed.

Evaluating the Relationship between Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution

The paper evaluates the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution of Anhui province using the data from 1990 to 2012. The indicators for the evaluation included emission of industrial waste water (EIWW), emission of industrial waste gas (EIWG), emission of industrial solid waste (EISW) and GDP per capita (GDPPC). The results show that the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution of Anhui province is different from Environmental Kuznets curve. There is a U-shaped plus inverted U-shaped curve between EIWW and GDPPC. EIWG and EISW keep increasing monotonically. The turning points of EIWG and EISW both apparently less than that of developed countries. Our study then predicts that EIWG and EISW begin to decrease when the GDPPC reaches 3421Yuan and 5189Yuan (The price of 1978) respectively. Our study reveals the importance of increasing environmental protection expense and strengthening the construction of environmental policy.

Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology in the Treatment of Wasterwater from Papermaking Mills

Chinese paper companies wastewater emissions, has become an important source of pollution. This article describes the sources of the paper industry wastewater, the main pollutant, the status and shortcomings of conventional treatment technology research. The study progress and applications of photocatalytic oxidation reaction in the treatment of wastewater from pulp and papermaking process were reviewed. The potential advantages and the development trend of photocatlytic oxidation reaction in the fields of effluent treatment were discussed.

Wastewater Management in Shanghai

In 1981~2012, the general urban wastewater in Shanghai was between 1.775~2.420 billion tons. Among the urban wastewater, the industrial wastewater emissions before 1988 was more than 1.4 billion tons, then, it was declining to about 649 million tons at 2002, a low value in the past 30 years, less than 50% of the 1980s. The percentage of industrial wastewater in the total urban wastewater discharge is falling from 76.9% in 1981 to under 30% in recent years. The living wastewater emissions increased from 424 million tons in 1981 to 1.697 billion tons in 2012. There is a relationship between the living wastewater increasing and the increase of the permanent residents in Shanghai. At the same time, the living wastewater emissions per capita per day were significantly increased from 100 kg (liter) around 1980s to around 190 kg (liter) in recent years. From 1995, the treatment and management of urban wastewater was continuing to intensify in Shanghai. The ratio of wastewater treating has increasing from 6.35% in 1995 to 85.62% of the total urban wastewater in 2012. Comparing the social-economic development and management of wastewater discharge in Shanghai, it can be seen, the wastewater emissions increasing amplitude was far less than the sizes of population growth and economic growth in the past 30 years

Prediction of Wastewater Emission in China

A model to predict the wastewater emission in China was established with comprehensive factor analysis, combining the ARMA and OLS methods. Applied the model, the wastewater emission from 2013 to 2015 in China was predicted. Industry characteristics of wastewater emission between the whole nation and Haihe River basin were analyzed using the 1999 and 2002 water conservancy input-occupancy-output (IOO) tables. The results showed that the national wastewater emission of 2013-2015 will reach 72998, 76897 and 81071 million tons respectively, and industries like paper printing and educational goods manufacturing, chemical industry, discharged a large amount of wastewater and their wastewater emission by unit value added were also very high. In the meantime, wastewater by unit value added of metal smelting and rolling processing industry went down largely from 1999 to 2002, which revealed that the strict supervision had positive effects on reducing wastewater emission.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization for the Coal-Based Clean Liquid Fuel Synthesis Process

This work makes thermodynamic analysis and optimization for the coal-based Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process. The thermodynamic analysis results show that under standard conditions the maximum effective carbon conversion is 50% from raw coal (CH0.8O0.1) to hydrocarbon products, and at least 50% carbon is converted into CO2 emission in the coal-based FT process. Subsequently, a new coal-based FT synthesis process is proposed to get minimum water consumption, minimum wastewater emission and maximum energy efficiency. The process contains a pulverized coal gasification unit, water-gas-shift unit and iron-based FT synthesis unit with 50% CO2 selectivity. The H2/CO molar ratio of fresh syngas to the FT synthesis unit is 0.5. The carbon and water footprints analysis results indicate that the effective carbon conversion from raw coal to hydrocarbon products is about 46.0%, and it only consumes 0.102 molar water and generates 0.032 molar wastewater when converts 1 molar coal to hydrocarbon products in the process.

The Evaluation and Demonstration of Recycling Economy Development Based on the Combination of Entropy Weight and AHP

Screening four subsystems specific indicators of recycling economy development: economy, environment, society and resources, using frequency statistics analysis and expert investigation method, to establish the evaluation index system of recycling economy. Weighting by means of entropy and AHP, and taking Hebei as an example to analyze, the results of the study shows that overall development of Hebei recycling economy shows ascendant trend between 2004 and 2010. The development of each subsystem has an unstable upward trend, unstable factors are: energy comprehensive utilization rate, industrial wastewater emissions and fixed assets investment etc.

Evolution of the Relationship between Economic Development and Water Pollution in Shanghai

In this paper, according to 1990-2011 Shanghai water pollution data, using co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse response analysis and variance decomposition analysis, from the perspective of temporal dimension, we explore the long-term equilibrium and dynamic mechanism between water pollution and economic growth in Shanghai. We have found that: the index of water pollution in Shanghai grow fast in particular wastewater emissions, economic growth depends on water environment pollution, and economic growth bring enlarging water environment pressure at the same time.

Spatial-temporal patterns and driving factors for industrial wastewater emission in China

China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization and urbanization coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructures, have resulted in increasing industrial water pollution. However, due to imbalanced development, industrial wastewater emissions present significant regional disparity. Industrial wastewater management disparity requires more in-depth study on both spatial and temporal patterns across different regions for identification of appropriate and effective mitigation policies while considering practical and localized realities. This paper addresses this issue and contributes to new knowledge by analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of industrial wastewater emission variations in China's 31 provinces during the years 1995–2010. Using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method, the results show that economic factors are the main driving factors of industrial wastewater emission changes in all provinces during the study period. It is also found that technology improvement considerably offsets emission increases. Using these research findings, both general and specific measures for controlling industrial wastewater emissions are offered so that the overall industrial water efficiency can be improved, in China and potentially elsewhere.

Toxicity of Three Heavy Metal Pollutants of the Pharmaceutical Wastewater to Paramecium Caudatum

In order to provide information for biological monitoring of environmental pollution and help people to develop pharmaceutical wastewater pollutant monitoring and emission standard, in this paper, acute toxicity experiments of three heavy metal pollutants, Zn2+,Cd2+ and Hg2+ existed usually in pharmaceutical wastewater, were done and their 24hr LC50 on the Paramecium were got individually, safety thresholds were calculated. At the same time, impact of different concentration heavy metal ions on population growth curve of Paramecium caudatum were researched. Results indicated that the acute toxicity of Hg2+ are the strongest, and the population growth curve changed significantly by three different types under three heavy metal ions pressure.

Temporal and spatial changes of water quality and management strategies of Dianchi Lake in southwest China

Abstract. Temporal and spatial changes to the water quality of Dianchi Lake in southwest China were investigated using monthly monitoring data from 2005 to 2012. Dianchi Lake is divided into two parts, Caohai Lake and Waihai Lake, by a man-made dike. Caohai Lake lies at the north of Dianchi Lake, while Waihai Lake is the main water body of Dianchi Lake and accounts for 96.7% of the whole area of the lake. Based on the analysis of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations, it was determined that, in Caohai Lake, the annual concentrations of these variables ranged from 0.19–1.46 mg L−1, 6.11–16.79 mg L−1, 0.06–0.14 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the annual concentrations of TP, TN and Chl a in Waihai Lake ranged between 0.13 and 0.20 mg L−1, 1.82 and 3.01 mg L−1, and 0.04 and 0.09 mg L−1, respectively. Cluster analysis (CA) classified the 10 monitoring sites into two clusters (cluster A and cluster B) based on similarities of water quality characteristics. Our data revealed that the current status of water quality within Caohai Lake was much worse than that of Waihai Lake. Water quality was seriously degraded during the economic boom near the period of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" (2005–2010), and gradually improved from 2010 to 2012 because of the "standard emission directive to industry". The main factors that influenced the spatial and temporal changes to water quality were natural factors including lake evolution and regional characteristic as well as human factors such as pollution load into the lake and management strategies that were already adopted. Some activities and regulations were implemented to enhance the lake environment by controlling wastewater emissions and establishing regulations to protect the lakes in the Yunnan Province. However, problems with institutional fragmentation (horizontal and vertical), simple treatment methods, low-intensity investment in pollution control, and lack of meaningful endogenous pollution control strategies were still present in the lake management strategy. To solve these problems, suitable control measures are needed, especially considering the current old-age status of Dianchi Lake. The fundamental improvement of the water quality within Caohai Lake was dependent on the measures taken in the upper reaches of the Caohai Watershed, including further recovery of submerged plants, resource utilization by floating plants and the reinforcement of sediment disposal. Management strategies for endogenous pollution in Waihai Lake were mainly dependent on restocking algae-eating fish and the ecological restoration of macrophytes. In this way, the swamping trend and the ageing process that is occurring in Dianchi Lake can be stunted. And the management strategies would be a contribution to the management of water conflicts between mankind and ecosystems in similar lakes.

Environmental cost and pollution risk caused by the industrial transfer in Qinghai Province

With the rising pressure due to energy consumption and costs of environmental protection and recovery, industrial transfer from the eastern to central and western areas has surged in China. However, extremely fragile ecological conditions and severe water shortage are significant hurdles for industry development in Western China. Whether the vulnerable environment can bear the pollution caused by the transferred industry from Eastern China becomes a significant issue. This study firstly estimates energy and environmental costs in different areas of China, and assesses the necessity to upgrade the industrial structure of Qinghai Province. Then the emissions of waste water, waste gas, and smoke caused by transferred industries are calculated by Input-Output Model. On the basis of the effect analysis of waste emission on environment, pollution risks of Qinghai province are assessed. The results illustrate that the costs of environmental protection and recovery in China have a gradient distribution, of which the energy efficiency is lower while environmental costs are higher in Western China. Industrial structure adjustment has different impacts on the pollution of different sectors. Although the development of machinery and equipment, hotels and catering services, and real estate, leasing, and business services has increased the emission of pollutants, it is offset by the decreasing emissions caused by other industries such as construction and metal products. Therefore, although economic development will increase environmental pollution, industrial adjustments can effectively decrease waste water and waste gas emissions to reduce the pollution risk. It should be noted that there are still tremendous challenges for industrial transfer in Qinghai Province to coordinate the environment and industry development.

Review of the Application of Water Pinch Technology in Water-Saving and Emission Reduction

Water pinch technology for the water system of enterprises is one of the focuses on water-saving and emission reduction research of enterprises in recent years. This technology is characterized by the design minimal fresh water consumption and waste water emissions minimum and aims to achieve economic benefit optimum process integration technology. The application of water pinch technology to integration and optimization of the water system was reviewed, and engineering application examples of water pinch technology were introduced. The water pinch technology is simple and intuitive. Besides, it could achieve optimal solution for a single impurity system. But for multiple contaminants system, this method will no longer apply. Taking into account its limitations, the possible optimization solutions to application of water pinch technology in combination with other types of analysis tools in enterprise water system were put forward.

基于物质流分析方法的生态海岛建设研究——以长海县为例

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于物质流分析方法的生态海岛建设研究——以长海县为例 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304280869 作者: 作者单位: 青岛大学国际商学院,国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛大学国际商学院,国家海洋环境监测中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家海洋908专项资助项目（908-ZC-II-01）；国家海洋公益性行业科研专项资助项目（200805082）；教育部人文社会科学研究资助项目（12YJCZH009） Evaluation of ecological marine islands construction based on material flow analysis：a case study of Changhai County Author: Affiliation: International Business College of Qingdao University,The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,International Business College of Qingdao University,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,SOA Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:建设生态海岛是海岛生态经济系统实现可持续发展的重要途径。运用物质流分析方法对长海县的物质输入与输出状况进行计算，并用物质消耗强度、废物排放强度和环境负荷强度3个指标衡量了该海岛县生态效率的变化，分析了技术进步对海岛生态经济系统生态压力变化的贡献状况。结果表明，2003-2009年间，长海县物质输入总量、物质输出总量和环境负荷总量呈增长态势；生态效率明显提高；技术进步对减轻海岛生态经济系统生态压力的贡献没有抵消经济增长所产生的生态压力的增加量。为了减少物质输入和废物输出，减轻经济活动对海岛生态系统产生的压力，建立创新型管理机制有效促进技术进步，不断提高生态效率具有特别重要的作用。 Abstract:Material flow analysis (MFA) has widely been used in the field of sustainable development research, but it was hardly applied in the sustainability valuation of marine islands eco-economic system. Marine islands eco-economic system is a critical component of the large marine eco-economic system. The construction of ecological marine islands is an important approach to establish marine islands eco-economic system in the course of sustainable development. Taking four indices as measurement, namely the direct material input (DMI), total material requirement (TMR), domestic direct material output (DMO) and total direct material output (TMO), the material input and output of Changhai County during 2003-2009 has been analyzed in this paper based on material flow analysis (MFA). According to these four basic indices, material input intensity, waste emission intensity and environmental pressure intensity are calculated to analyze the County's ecological efficiency. The contribution of technological progress to reducing the ecological pressure of these marine islands is also considered through elasticity coefficient of ecological pressure and contribution rate of technological progress. The first result shows that material input quantity, waste emission quantity and environmental pressure quantity have increased rapidly during 2003-2009. The direct material input (DMI) presents rising tendency, up from 1.12 million ton in 2003 to 1.85 million ton in 2009, and the average annual growth rate is 8.8%; total material requirement (TMR) increases faster than DMI, with the average annual growth rate at about 9.7%. However, the growth rates of two indices of material output, namely domestic direct material output(DMO) and total direct material output(TMO), whose average annual growth rates are 12.60% and 12.53% respectively, reflect that waste emission growth are the fastest-growing indices. Fresh water is the largest input material in DMI, and the average annual proportion is about 34.67%. With more and more material imports during the seven years, the import material share of DMI rises from 12.09% in 2003 to 20.12% in 2009. Waste gas and waste water emission are main parts of DMO, whose average annual proportions of DMO are 54.77% and 42.64% respectively.The second result shows that ecological efficiency of the marine islands county has been greatly improved during the construction of ecological marine inlands since 2003. Material use intensity declines from 7.06 ton per ten thousand yuan in 2003 to 5.24 ton per ten thousand yuan in 2009, and the average annual decreasing rate is 4.85%. Average annual decreasing rates of waste emission intensity and environmental pressure intensity are 1.53% and 3.31% respectively, which are slower than that of material use intensity. This indicates that the sustainable development capability of the marine islands eco-economic system has been improving continuously. The third result shows that the contribution of technological progress to reduce ecological stress hardly neutralizes the increasing amount of ecological pressure caused by economic growth during the same period. The decrease amount of resources use resulting from material use intensity reduction only accounts for 38.65% of the increase amount of resources use caused by GDP growth. Contribution of waste emission intensity and environmental pressure intensity to relieving ecological stress are 12.16% and 26.35% respectively, both of which are less than that of material use intensity.In order to slow down material input,waste emission and relieve the pressure from economic activity on marine islands ecological system, it is essential to continue improving ecological efficiency through technological progress based on establishing innovative management mechanism. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Characterization and treatment of contaminated marine sediments for reuse

The development of human activities remains an almost constant threat to the marine environment. The marine environment is assaulted in many different ways: tourism; increasing urbanization in coastal areas; waste and pollutants that are discharged directly by atmospheric pollution, which causes the surface deposition of toxic gas and dust; industrial waste (wastewater emission); the use of pesticides in agriculture; and so. Our study investigated the pollution in an industrial zone, and urban and industrial discharges dumped into the sea without any environmental consciousness. We established a matrix of treatment, whether chemical or biological, in order to eliminate the heavy metals and degrade pollution in marine sediments, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for the recovery and reuse of these sediments in other areas.