Waste Ponds Research Articles

Fluidization of fine coal particles in an ultrasound enhanced gas-solid fluidized bed

Coal continues to be one of the most important primary energy sources and is a major contributor to economic growth, especially in the developing world. Coal fines are an unavoidable by-product of coal extraction. Fine coal is classified as waste when it is too difficult or uneconomical to process and thus disposed of into waste ponds. This leads to environmental liability and loss of valuable high-quality product. There have been numerous studies regarding the efficient processing of fine coal particles, to realise the full economic potential whilst reducing the product's environmental risks. Fluidization is commonly used in the processing of powders or fine particles since it enables continuous powder handling and promotes good particulate mixing. However, the fluidization of fine particles is challenging due to the propensity for channelling, clustering and elutriation. Enhanced fluidization methods have been used to overcome these problems. Several methods that have been employed include electric or magnetic fields, mechanical vibrations, centrifugal forces, introduction of foreign particles, the use of microjets and the use of acoustic sound waves. This study considered the use of in-situ ultrasound as a new alternative enhanced fluidization technique. The overall aim of this research project was to quantitatively determine the improvement in the fluidization behaviour of fine coal particles, under the influence of ultrasound. This new technique helped prevent channel formation, and bed cracking, and improvement in fluidization regimes were observed. Decreasing minimum fluidization velocities were observed for increasing ultrasonic intensities, across various bed heights. The addition of the ultrasound correction factor was able to improve the prediction capability of the model that was developed for the minimum fluidization velocity. The reduction in minimum fluidization velocity shows promise for reduced energy consumption, and increased production throughput, of the fine coal particle processing industry. Overall the novel application of ultrasound improved the quality and operability of the fluidization of fine coal particles.

A Novel Approach to High-Volume Replacement of River Sand by Waste Pond Ash in Cement Mortar Using Multicriteria Models: Engineering Properties, Sustainability Aspects, and Cost

A Novel Approach to High-Volume Replacement of River Sand by Waste Pond Ash in Cement Mortar Using Multicriteria Models: Engineering Properties, Sustainability Aspects, and Cost

High Salinity Intensive Seaweed Growth Rate in Aquaponic Systems

Aquaponics is a closed recirculating aquaculture method combined with hydroponics. This method is very alternative for raising fish while growing plants in specially designed media. The mechanism obtained is very effective and efficient, plants can utilize fish waste as nutrients for plant growth. Poisonous fish waste in ponds can be reduced by plants as nutrients for organic substances. This can enhance profitable bio-integrated food production systems. Plants will serve as vegetation filters. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aquaponic treatment in high-salinity water by observing the growth in three species of seaweed namely Gracilaria sp., Sargassum sp., and Kappaphycus alvarezii. The research design used the LSD method and was carried out for 63 days. Data analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) then continued with the test Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research method involved making aquaponic media including preparing containers for seaweed cultivation and fish and shrimp farming, observing seaweed growth rates, and measuring water quality. Aquaponic treatment can increase the growth rate of intensively cultivated seaweed. The results showed the best weight growth rate in the aquaponic treatment of Gracilaria sp. with a value of 12.33 grams than Kappaphycus alvarezii 11.33 grams and Sargassum sp. 10.83 grams.

Mental models of aquaculture governance in Indonesia

Aquaculture stakeholders have mental models, which are the internal cognitive representations of how they understand and prioritize the different features of their aquaculture systems. Individuals and stakeholder groups are likely to have different mental models, with implications for making cooperative governance work and guiding the rapidly emerging sector’s sustainable development. We apply a participatory approach called fuzzy cognitive mapping to capture and compare the mental models of community-based coastal pond aquaculture stakeholders in Indonesia, including farmers, government managers, and researchers who need to work together to govern a rapidly expanding aquaculture sector which faces critical sustainability challenges. To conceptually structure our comparison, we use Elinor Ostrom’s social–ecological systems framework. Our results highlight important differences between stakeholder group mental models which represent potential conflicts of interest and barriers for collaborative governance. Fish farmer models emphasize resource system challenges relating to production instability and risk, while government managers emphasize increasing production intensity to meet sectoral growth targets. Researchers, in contrast, tend to focus on pond waste treatment and water quality management. Governance attributes were consistently perceived as less frequent and less influential compared to other social–ecological dimensions, reflecting perceptions of weak governance in the sector. We identify a critical need for programs aimed at strengthening community-level institutional arrangements for governing shared aquaculture resources, increasing technical knowledge capacity, and managing financial risk. By merging all stakeholder models into a single “community” model, we identify key consensus action situations across the three groups as potential focal points for aquaculture development which may serve as a starting point for actors to work together to identify context-appropriate institutional solutions to these sustainability challenges.

Properties, Treatment and Resource Utilization of Bauxite Tailings: A Review

A substantial amount of bauxite tailings (BTs) at abandoned mine sites have been stored in waste reservoirs for long periods, leading to significant land occupation and environmental degradation. Although many studies of the resource utilization of BTs were conducted to address this challenge, there is still a lack of efforts to systematically review the state of the art in BTs. In the present paper, a systematic literature review was carried out to summarize and analyze the properties, treatment, and resource utilization of BTs. Physical characteristics and the mineral and chemical composition of BTs are introduced. The efficacy of physical, chemical, and microbial treatment methods for BTs in terms of dehydration are outlined, and their respective benefits and limitations are discussed. Moreover, the extraction process of valuable elements (e.g., Si, Al, Fe, Li, Na, Nd, etc.) from BTs is examined, and the diverse applications of BTs in adsorption materials, ceramic materials, cementitious materials, lightweight aggregates, foamed mixture lightweight soil, among others, are studied. Finally, an efficient and smart treatment strategy for BTs was proposed. The findings of the present review provide a scientific basis and reference for future research focusing on the treatment and resource utilization of BTs.

The Society’s Effort in Increasing the Economy Through the Palm Oil Waste

This research was implemented in Sukamaju Village, Sub regency of Singingi Hilir, Regency of Kuantan Singingi to know the potential of palm oil waste that is used by the society of Sukamaju Village as the manure and to describe the society effort of Sukamaju Village in using the potential of palm oil waste for increasing the economy level and decreasing the bad environment impact because of the palm oil waste. For obtaining the accurate data, the method of descriptive qualitative research is used by collecting the data, using the deep interview technique, direct observation and documentation. The analyze result shows that there is a quiet big waste potential in Sukamaju Village then processed to be the valuable manure. Moreover, this manure manufacture process is obtained from the palm oil waste from two big factories namely PT. Surya Agro Reksa and PT. Agrolestari. The process of waste production of palm oil includes the manufacture from the waste ponds, where the first pond of waste still has the high level of acidity so that it has not been able to be used yet. So the level of middle pond of waste water has been able to be channeled to the agriculture for make the plant fertile, and in the last level of solid waste is used as the natural manure of the land fertilizer. The analyze result shows that the waste of the palm oil can increase the fertility of land and plant, so it decreases the budget outcome of chemical manure. The socialization effort is needed to pressure massively for the information distributing connected the right waste processing.

Design and Implementation of Continuous Settling Tank (CST) Temperature Monitoring System and Waste Pond Level in a Palm Oil Mills

Design and Implementation of Continuous Settling Tank (CST) Temperature Monitoring System and Waste Pond Level in a Palm Oil Mills

Consumer products are important reservoirs and sources of organophosphate tri-esters and di-esters: Characteristics, mass inventory, and implication for waste management

Numerous studies documented the occurrence of organophosphate tri-esters (tri-OPEs) and di-esters (di-OPEs) in the environment. Little information is available on their occurrence in waste consumer products, reservoirs and sources of these chemicals. This study collected and analyzed 92 waste consumer products manufactured from diverse polymers, including polyurethane foam (PUF), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) to obtain information on the occurrence and profiles of 16 tri-OPEs and 10 di-OPEs. Total concentrations of di-OPEs (18−370,000 ng/ g, median 1,700 ng/g) were one order of magnitude lower than those of tri-OPEs (94−4,500,000 ng/g, median 5,400 ng/g). The concentrations of both tri- and di-OPEs in products made of PUF, PS, and ABS were orders of magnitude higher than those made of PP and PE. The compositional patterns of OPEs varied among different polymer types but were generally dominated by bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), triphenyl phosphate, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, di-phenyl phosphate (DPHP), and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate. Two industrially applied di-OPEs (di-n-butyl phosphate and DPHP) exhibited higher levels than their respective tri-OPEs, contrary to their production volumes. Some non-industrially applied chlorinated di-OPEs were also detected, with concentrations up to 97,000 ng/g. These findings suggest that degradation of tri-OPEs during the manufacturing and use of products is an important source of di-OPEs. The mass inventories of tri-OPEs and di-OPEs in consumer products were estimated at 3,100 and 750 tons/year, respectively. This study highlights the importance of consumer products as emission sources of a broad suite of OPEs.

Waste Management of Red Mud and Fly Ash to Utilize in Road Subgrade Material

Red mud (RM) is a waste material obtained during the production of aluminum from bauxite minerals. RM causes environmental pollution due to its high alkaline properties. Therefore, RM materials are stored in waste reservoirs. As production continues, the number of required waste reservoirs increases day by day. This study aims to utilize RM waste material in construction structures to contribute to the economy. The research investigates the potential use of RM waste material as road fill material. RM was improved using another waste material of fly ash (FA) since RM has low strength. Atterberg limit tests, compaction tests, unconfined compression tests, CBR tests, and SEM analyses were conducted on stabilized RM samples. In the physical properties of stabilized RM, Atterberg limits and optimum moisture content increase and density decreases since FA content increases. In the mechanical properties of stabilized RM, unconfined compressive strength, initial and secant modulus of elasticity, and California bearing ratio increase and maximum peak strain decreases since FA content and curing period increase. SEM images prove the increase in mechanical properties due to the cementation products (CSH and CAH gels) formed in the microstructure of stabilized RM. The results showed that RM waste stabilized with FA can be used as road subgrade material.

RECOVERY OF BORON WASTES WITH INORGANIC ACID

Approximately 73-74% of boron mineral reserves all over the world are located in the Western Anatolian region of Turkey, in the provinces of Eskişehir, Kütahya, Balıkesir, and Bursa. The most intense minerals extracted from these fields are colemanite, ulexite, and tincal minerals, respectively. The general principle in the recovery of these minerals is to extract the raw ore and obtain it by size reduction processes of concentrates in high grade. In addition to concentrates, boric acid (H3BO3) production is also possible in Balıkesir and Kütahya. The production of this acid in question includes a series of processes from dissolution with sulfuric acid at high temperatures to crystallization. In this study, except for the aforementioned high concentrations, boron recovery from clay waste, which is high in boron content and is collected from plant waste ponds, is investigated. For this purpose, ulexite-colemanite-containing slime wastes of the Bigadiç (Balıkesir) Plant were dissolved in 7% solids at 60°C in different sulfuric acid concentrations (1-6% H2SO4) and were obtained with 83-97% B2O3 recovery. When the boron wastes are evaluated, issues such as the discovery and establishment of a new waste pond/dam will be solved, the valuable content in the wastes will be recovered, and the environmental problems of boron and other contents in clay will be eliminated. This article includes information about the characterization of the structure by considering the dissolution of boron and other compounds, as well as obtaining boric acid from inorganic acid and boron wastes.

Efek Perbedaan Jenis Rumput Laut Sebagai Agen Fitoremediasi Pada Sistem Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Semi Intensif

The primary sources of organic waste in prawn ponds include feed waste from the farming process as well as ongoing metabolic activity, such as the production of urine and faeces. The increase in organic waste has an impact on reducing the water quality, one of the solutions is by implementing phytoremediation with seaweed. This research aimed to analyzed the growth and ability of seaweed Sargassum sp., Gracillaria sp., and Caulerpa sp. as phytoremediation agents to reduce organic matter in waters. This research was conducted for 68 days and used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment are A Sargassum sp., B Gracillaria sp., C Caulerpa sp. and D control. The results indicated that treatment C tended to decrease total organic matter (TOM) and sediment organic matter by 123.74 mg/l and 1.37%, respectively. The result also revealed that Caulerpa sp. the most effective seaweed to be used as phytoremediation organic materials in tiger shrimp farms compared to the two other seaweed species (i.e., Gracillaria sp. and Sargassum sp.). The growth of seaweed showed that there was a significant difference in specific growth of seaweed. The best specific growth rate value in treatment C was 1.37 ± 0.1%. The results of this study shown that Caulerpa sp. has more effective remediate organic matter and improve seaweed growth than Gracillaria sp. and Sargassum sp.

Valorization of waste pond ash in cement mortars and prediction of mechanical properties by simple linear regression

Valorization of waste pond ash in cement mortars and prediction of mechanical properties by simple linear regression

The Most Efficient Seaweed Species as a Bioremediator of Intensive Pond Waste

The Most Efficient Seaweed Species as a Bioremediator of Intensive Pond Waste

An automatic waste cleaning system in shrimp ponds with digital image processing using the internet of things

Super intensive shrimp pond wastewater with a stocking density of 750-1,250 individuals/m2 contains an average total suspended solids (TSS) of 798-924 mg/L, dissolved organic matter (BOT) of 81,227-88,641 mg/L; total nitrogen (TN) 9.8389-14.4260 mg/L; and total phosphate (TP) 7.8770-11.8720 mg/L. This value has exceeded the threshold limit of the permissible pond wastewater standard so it has the potential to hurt the environmental quality of water bodies receiving the waste load. making a more intensive vannamei shrimp farming pond cleaning system using turbidity sensors to read turbidity in shrimp farming ponds and ultrasonic sensors as readers of the water level in shrimp farming ponds and using a camera to detect the presence of foam waste in shrimp farming ponds and the Raspberry Pi microcontroller as a center system control on control devices and monitoring of all sensors then the output data will activate the drainage of leftover shrimp feed and shrimp waste from drainage to disposal using PVC pipes and automatic faucets that are driven using DC power window motors. The Internet of Things (IoT) automatic system in the construction of a waste cleaning device for shrimp ponds was built using a turbidity sensor that can detect the level of turbidity in water with an accuracy of 0.51%. The need for additional water in the pond is assisted by an ultrasonic sensor which provides information to the water pump with an average accuracy of 0.56%. To detect foam waste using a webcam camera as a foam detector.

Analisis Status Mutu Air Tanah Sekitar Tambak Udang di Desa Hadiwarno, Kecamatan Ngadirojo, Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur

Hadiwarno Village is one of the regional villages in Pacitan Regency which has a large number of shrimp ponds of around 28.95 hectares. Shrimp ponds have been operating since 2015. Shrimp pond activities have the potential for liquid waste to seep into groundwater, requiring further processing. The purpose of this research was to determine the status of groundwater quality due to shrimp pond waste in the study area. The types of methods used in research are qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection uses survey and mapping methods. Groundwater sampling using a systematic sampling method with an interval of 15 meters from the shrimp ponds. The data analysis method used is quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods for pollution indices, the relationship between chemical geophysical aspects, problems and impacts from shrimp pond waste. The results showed that the value of the status of water quality in the study area at the three sample points was included in the slightly polluted classification with a pollution index value of 2.1766 to 4.9625

Level of effectiveness of pond wastewater treatment installations with remediation bacteria in Cipatujah

The coastal area in the Cipatujah District has the potential for intensive pond development. However, the development of intensive ponds in the Cipatujah District still needs to be higher. One of the reasons is farmers’ lack of knowledge regarding the system and benefits of intensive ponds, so many ponds still use simple wastewater treatment plants. The impact is a decrease in the quality of the environment around the pond. This study aimed to analyze the effect of bacteria providing remediation on pond effluent on the quality of wastewater and the effectiveness of pond wastewater treatment plants. This research was conducted in three ponds at Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, from October 2022 to January 2023. Wastewater samples were taken after harvesting, while siphon water samples were taken every two days since DOC 30. Water samples were analyzed at the Testing Services Laboratory and Certification of IPB, Bogor. Research results show that TSS, BOD, and NH3 content in pond waste decreased by 40 to 70% when the wastewater was treated with remediation bacteria in the form of Aquapro IPB-Microbac+ and when it was retained for five days. The reduction in the organic matter content of pond effluents has increased the quality of the environment around the ponds by 70 to 80%. The conclusion shows that the pond wastewater treatment plant is effective in treating wastewater as the organic waste content of the ponds discharged into the coastal environment decreases.

The Effect of Vaname Shrimp Pond Waste Disposal (Litopenaeus van-namei) on The Environment and Environmental Law Perspective: a Literatur Review

As a result of observations regarding waste disposal that have been carried out, many shrimp farmers ignore the negative impact of excessive feeding on the environment. Including proper waste management practices, such as processing before discharge into the sea, is often ignored. This research uses a qualitative research method in the form of a literature review (document analysis). The data in this research is information regarding the impacts caused by vaname shrimp waste. The main data sources are obtained through observations and documents from journals or articles that have been published or published. The impact of shrimp pond waste disposal on the environment can cause damage to aquatic ecosystems and environmental pollution. The environmental law perspective regulates legal sanctions for perpetrators of waste disposal from vaname shrimp ponds that damage the environment, such as imprisonment and fines. Several efforts have been made to handle vaname shrimp pond waste for organic fertilizer, waste water treatment installations (IPAL), environmental impact analysis (AMDAL) and supervision from local governments. And the solution that needs to be implemented by business actors is to carry out waste management that meets quality standards, pay attention to AMDA and legal sanctions that can be imposed if you dispose of vaname shrimp pond waste which can damage the environment

Set of Engineering and Geophysical Methods for Determining the Volume of Homogeneous Industrial Waste at Sites of Accumulated Environmental Harm

The paper presents the application results of geophysical methods (micro-near-field time-domain electromagnetic sounding and ground penetrating radar profiling) performed in 2022 to determine the volume of homogeneous industrial waste in collection ponds using the example of the phenol lake within the city limits of Ulan-Ude , The Republic of Buryatia. The boundaries and volumes of industrial waste disposal were determined, and the position of the overlying and bottom beds of the phenol pound were recorded. The migration channel of hydrophilic chemical pollutants from the bed of the studied object was identified and the reservoir was installed to collect, over the years of infiltration processes, fluid saturated with hydrophilic chemical pollutants from the phenol pound. 3D models of the industrial waste deposits in the phenol lake and 3D models of the identified collector were built. It was concluded that the used set of geophysical methods was effective for solving similar engineering, environmental and geoecological problems.

Dynamics of Water Quality for Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation in Intensive Ponds in Coastal Areas

Cultivators increase production using intensive cultivation which applies stocking densities and feeding in high quantities, which triggers a decrease in water quality, both cultivation water and cultivation wastewater because it contains high levels of organic matter. Changes in water quality have an impact on plankton community structure. This research aims to determine the dynamics of the physical, chemical, and biological quality of cultivation media water and the disposal of vaname shrimp cultivation waste in Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency. The research was conducted in January 2023 using a survey method. Water and plankton samples were taken from reservoirs, ponds, and pond waste disposal sites. Sampling was carried out in vaname shrimp cultivation ponds in the Coastal Area of ​​Ujungpangkah District, Gresik Regency. The physical and chemical quality of water has a pattern of changes up and down but is relatively the same and stable every week. All of these water quality parameters show a pattern of change that is quite good for the growth of vaname shrimp, but in waste disposal, the parameters for nitrate, phosphate, ammonia, and TOM are above the quality standards. The highest abundance of plankton is in waste dumps, with the highest phytoplankton coming from the Bacillariophyta phylum (49%), while zooplankton comes from the Rotifera phylum (54%). Regular monitoring of water quality in ponds and waste disposal sites is required so that it remains stable and safe for the environment.

Aspen Plus Simulation Analysis on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Recycling System into Bioethanol

Indonesia is one of the largest exporting countries for palm oil production globally. In 2018, the country had a plantation area of 14.3 Million Ha, with palm Oil Production (Crude Palm Oil) of 40.5 million tons. It generates large amounts of waste, such as Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), empty fluid bunch (EFB), fiber, and shells. POME has an organic content and contains carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Generally, the POME by-products from palm oil mills in North Sumatra Province are processed using an Anaerobic treatment before environmental release. This method still disposes of pond waste. It produces CH4 and bad smells in the environment. This research uses Aspen Plus software to analyze converting the POME into bioethanol renewable energy that reduces environmental pollution caused by POME. Bioethanol production is processed biologically by fermentation. Based on the analysis of simulation, 10 L tons/day POME can produce main products 0.187 L Ton/day bioethanol with the content of up to 41.95% C2H5OH, 9.29% H2O, and 48.76% CO2, and by-products of 9.823 L Ton/day with the content of 99.7% H2O.