Waste Management Services Research Articles

Governance and Urban Service Delivery in Zimbabwe

It is contended that service delivery is the core function of developmental local government. The provision of services such as waste management, water and health services is closely associated with the well-being of urban dwellers. In the period leading to the adoption of Zimbabwe’s 2013 Constitution, many people supported the devolution of services and functions to local government. It was a major victory when local government was elevated and given constitutional protection. There was great expectation that service delivery would improve in the cities, towns and smaller urban centres. Seven years later, that expectation appears not to have been realised. Instead, indications are that urban service delivery is experiencing a downward spiral. Using open-ended questionnaires, closed-ended questionnaires and the focus group discussions research methods, the article investigates the drivers of inadequate service provision in four urban areas in Zimbabwe. The paper also proffers suggestions for improving service delivery. The results of the study underscore that the causes of insufficient service provision are multi-pronged and not necessarily limited to inefficiency and ineffectiveness on the part of urban councils. In fact, a major recurring finding is that national government policies are big factors contributing towards the decline of urban service delivery.

A global literature review of the drivers of indiscriminate dumping of waste: Guiding future research in South Africa

ABSTRACT Indiscriminate dumping of waste is a global problem. It affects diverse regions across both developing and developed countries. With a view to understanding indiscriminate dumping in the South African context, the authors decided to undertake a synthesis literature review, as they wanted to determine the global scope of the research conducted on the drivers of indiscriminate dumping. The review showed that the drivers of indiscriminate dumping fell into three major categories, which interact with one another and even overlap. These drivers were insufficient waste management services (which is most prevalent in developing countries); residents’ knowledge and awareness of waste; and social dis/organisation in societies in both developed and developing countries. Two aspects are highlighted: The social dis/organstion aspect is under researched and it is clear that we need to understand each community's unique drivers before planning for interventions.

Recovery of Municipal Solid Waste Recyclables under Different Incentive Schemes in Tamale, Ghana

The recovery of recyclables from the waste stream is a vital factor to consider in any recycling scheme since it enhances the quality of recyclables and ensures efficient recycling schemes. This study was conducted in the Tamale Metropolis of Ghana to investigate incentive options that can promote municipal solid waste resource recovery to support policy decisions on the formalization of recycling scheme in the Metropolis. Solid waste source separation scheme was set up in four different waste management service zones in the Metropolis. The quantity of separated materials, set-out rate, as well as separation efficiency of the targeted materials in the scheme were also assessed. The result of the study indicated a high recovery factor for dry recyclables (53.97%) as against food waste (10.03%). There was a significant effect of incentives on waste material quantities. Significant differences also occurred in the set-out rates and separation efficiency. Moreover, the study showed that employing prize as a reward scheme in addition to the provision of a waste storage facility had a high propensity for waste material recovery. The study demonstrated that the quantity of waste materials that may be retrieved in a recycling scheme in different solid waste management service zones depends on the type of incentive employed in the scheme and the service zone considered.

Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene service availability in healthcare facilities in the greater Kampala metropolitan area, Uganda

BackgroundImproved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Healthcare facilities (HCFs) is of significant public health importance. It is associated with a reduction in the transmission of healthcare acquired infections (HAIs), increased trust and uptake of healthcare services, cost saving from infections averted, increased efficiency and improved staff morale. Despite these benefits, there is limited evidence on availability of WASH services in HCFs in the Greater Kampala Metropolitan Area (GKMA). This study assessed the availability and status of WASH services within HCFs in the GKMA in order to inform policy and WASH programming.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 60 HCFs. Availability of WASH services in the study HCFs was assessed using a validated WASH Conditions (WASHCon) tool comprising of structured interviews, HCF observations and microbial water quality analysis. Data were analysed using Stata 14 software and R software.ResultsOverall, 84.5% (49/58) and 12.1% (7/58) of HCFs had limited and basic WASH service respectively. About 48.3% (28/58) had limited water service, 84.5% (49/58) had limited sanitation service, 50.0% (29/58) had limited environmental cleanliness service, 56.9% (33/58) had limited hand hygiene service, and 51.7% (30/58) had limited waste management service. About 94.4% of public HCFs had limited WASH service compared to only 68.2% of private not for profit facilities. More health centre IIIs, 92.5% and health centre IVs (85.7%) had limited WASH service compared to hospitals (54.5%).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that provision of water, sanitation, hand hygiene, environmental cleanliness, and health care waste management services within HCFs is largely hindered by structural and performance limitations. In spite of these limitations, it is evident that environmental cleanliness and treatment of infectious waste can be attained with better oversight and dedicated personnel. Attaining universal WASH coverage in HCFs will require deliberate and strategic investments across the different domains.

Model of Public Policy Implementation for Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste Management in Cilacap Regency

The problem of waste management in big cities worldwide and especially Indonesia, has become an ongoing issue. Every country globally competes in developing various technologies in waste management, such as sanitary landfills, incineration, gasification, and anaerobic digestion technology. This study intends to describe the right model for waste management, especially for areas in Indonesia. In this case, the writer tries to discuss waste management innovation in Cilacap Regency by using a waste management policy implementation model with Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) technology, which converts waste into alternative fuel to replace coal. In this paper, the writer tries to analyze it with a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Writing informants were determined by purposive sampling. The results of this study, according to the author, indicate that the implementation of RDF public policy on waste management can be carried out with several approaches, namely: (1) RDF Waste Management Policy Model with a Collaborative Waste Management Service approach; (2) RDF Waste Management Policy Model with the Buy and Sell Cooperation approach of RDF results; (3) RDF Waste Management Policy Model with a Joint Venture (JO) approach; (4) RDF waste management policy model with an Operational Cooperation approach with the presence of foreign assistance, the central government and provincial governments; (5) RDF waste management policy model with the formation of regional companies.

Kajian Dampak Bank Sampah Terhadap Perbaikan Lingkungan Negeri Hatu Maluku Tengah

Negeri Hatu is an area at the level of a village or sub-district located in Central Maluku Regency, Maluku Province. Negeri Hatu is located far from the city center and the center of the Maluku Tengah regency government, resulting in no reach of waste management services from the local DLH. The absence of waste management facilities in this area was reinforced by the lack of public awareness about environmental cleanliness which triggered the idea of ​​establishing a waste bank by the manager of the Hasoma smart home. The waste bank that was established was an implementation of environmental literacy to the community in Hatu Country. The waste bank has had a significant impact on environmental change and the improvement of the community's economy. However, this needs to be studied further in accordance with the context of the character of the community in each region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental literacy through waste banks and to analyze the potential of waste banks in improving environmental quality in Hatu Country. The research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive approach where data were taken from in-depth interviews and analyzed to obtain a value for the effectiveness of the activity. The results showed that the environmental literacy practice implemented by the Hasoma smart house was able to open people's environmental insight in terms of the impact of waste on health, the importance of sorting waste according to its type and increasing participation in caring for environmental cleanliness. Waste banks are able to reduce domestic waste generation by 0.17% in Hatu Country and are able to reduce carbon emissions by 2702.35 gCO per month. The activities of the waste bank at Hasoma Hatu's smart home can change the social community in Negeri Hatu. This change can be seen from the high participation of the younger generation in the initial weighing of the waste bank.

Strategic Decisions Related to Circular Business Model in a Forerunner Company: Challenges Due to Path Dependency and Lock-In

Circular economy (CE) entails a radical change in companies because new ways of thinking and doing business are required for value-creation opportunities. There is a lack of empirical studies on how companies themselves see and develop the CE business. Furthermore, the dynamics between the changes required when pursuing a circular business model (CBM) have not been sufficiently studied. This intensive case study examines the strategic business decisions of a forerunner company in CE over 20 years. Questions: What were the strategic decisions related to CE business model in the case company over 20 years? What internal and external factors impacted the strategic decisions and how? Theory: The theoretical framework of this study is built based on CBM strategies and capabilities in the CE business. Basis of the Case: Phenomenon. Type of the Case: An intensive case study of a forerunner company in CE. Protagonist: Not needed. Findings: First, the results of the analysis show that the company engaged in both slowing and closing resource loop business model strategies in the CE market. Second, the results of the analysis imply that the path dependency in the market was too strong, and the company was not able to break the path dependency of the closing loop strategy. Third, the results show that the case company was, however, able to challenge the path dependency and lock-in in the closing resource loop strategy with internal factors that included strategic management capabilities, such as making decisions within the current market conditions, organizational capabilities, such as developing new positions and knowledge, technological capabilities, such as investments on improving and upgrading recycling and waste management, and business model innovation capabilities. Discussions: This study contributes to a call for further research on how companies themselves see and develop CE business. This study sheds light on the ways by which path dependency and lock-in contribute to CBM innovation and can explain a CE strategy failure. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that by drawing on company-internal and company-external factors, a company can challenge path dependency and lock-in and go forward in developing the CE business despite difficulties. For the case company, it was easier to maintain the closing resource loop strategy and stay with the original core business idea of providing recycling and waste management services to construction businesses and selling waste material for energy and heat production than engaging in slowing resource loop strategy. Finally, the results of this study suggest that path dependency theory is useful in projecting future risks in CBM innovation.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADA PT. PRASADHA PAMUNAH LIMBAH INDUSTRI (PPLI)

According to the Indonesia Health Profile Information (http://kemenkes.go.id/) in 2018 reported estimates of the amount of medical waste that every day 2,820 hospitals in Indonesia are 230,840 kg per day. To date the best technology for treating and disposal medical waste is incinerators. In middle of 2019 PPLI decided to build an incinerator so that this was a new line of business for PPLI (Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri), this is very interesting when at one side PPLI is the big player in hazardous waste management but at another side PPLI is new comer for medical waste management, with the aim of analyzing the market at medical waste management service, identify of actors, factors and objectives that influence the medical waste management business. Through the swot analysis method it was found that PPLI was in quadrant 1, which means that PPLI has great strength and support from external side to succeed in medical waste management service business, which means PPLI facilities and services are complete so that mean PPLI can be the one company for Total Hazardous Waste Management in Indonesia. Keywords: hospital, medical waste, total hazardous waste management, PPLI, SWOT

Introduction of innovative technologies - a factor in the development of the waste management industry in Russia

In recent years, many countries experiencing the global financial and economic downturn have been actively searching for new models of development. Creating a waste management industry in Russia is another sector of the “green economy” that can solve not only the country’s environmental problems, but also can create new points of growth, create new jobs and ensure economic growth. Eco-technoparks (there are about 300 such parks in the world today) should become the basis of the waste management industry. Foreign and Russian experience in the operation of eco-technoparks allows us to identify certain regularities and success factors for their activities, and to promote the growth of the number of eco-technoparks. The waste management industry is now also becoming a driver of the digital economy. At the same time, the process of digitalization of the waste management industry is a real opportunity to move to a differentiated system of payment for municipal waste management services, and, accordingly, the opportunity to solve the industry’s problems. In order to develop the waste management industry, it is necessary to define the concept of eco-technoparks and secondary resources as an important condition for providing state support to eco-technoparks. The article gives the author’s definition of eco-technology parks.

Status of Solid Waste Management Service in Metu Town, South-Western Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services in most cities and towns are already over-burdened, as cities and municipalities cannot cope with the speeded pace of waste production provided that inadequate financial capacity, insufficient manpower, and facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the status of municipal solid waste management service of Metu town using a questionnaire and observational checklist. A total of 252 households (HHs) and 65 commercial and institutional establishments (CIs) were included in this study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Accordingly, among 317 study participants, 213(67.1%) females and 104 (32.9%) males with a mean age of 36.45 have participated. Concerning solid waste collection frequency, more than 35% of HHs and 70% of CIs get the service from Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) with irregular interval whereas; about 56% of HHs and 15% of CIs responded that they get the service from MSE in more than 30 days.

Household Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Waste Management Services in Nsukka Urban Area

In recent years, the population of Nsukka has increased, brought about by rapid urbanization, and has increased waste generation. Consequently, establishing effective waste management strategy is imperative given the inherent danger it poses to a sustainable environment. The concern of this study is to examine household preferences and willingness to pay for waste management (WMS) in Nsukka urban area. The survey method was employed to generate responses from 150 households selected from the six areas that make up Nsukka urban. The probit regression analysis (a variant of the least dependent variable model (LDVM) was adopted to estimate the impact of cultural, demographic and economic factors on household preferences and willingness to pay for waste management services (WMS). The study found that demographic factors such as age, household size and education have a significant effect on household willingness to demand waste management in Nsukka urban area. As evidenced by the estimated coefficient, gender (0.57), education (0.15) and family size (0.65) have a positive effect while age (-0.17) and marital status (-0.22) have negative effect on household preferences and willingness to pay for waste management services (WMS) in Nsukka urban. Moreover, cost of waste management (p<0.05), average monthly income (p<0.05) and awareness significantly affect demand for waste management services while house ownership has an insignificant effect on household preference and willingness to pay for waste management services. Even though the estimated coefficient indicates that cost of waste management, household income, awareness and house ownership has a positive effect, the efficacy of cost (2.79) is greater than that of income (1.27), followed by awareness (1.04) and then house ownership (0.02). Based on the empirical findings, this study recommends a need for government to subsidize the amount paid for waste management in order to enhance household preferences and willingness to pay for such services.

Overview and design principles of drilling fluids systems for geothermal Wells in Turkey

Joined the 1 GW installed capacity club in 2017, Turkey has undeniable production and potential for geothermal energy, ranking top 5 worldwide. Harnessing geothermal energy has many challenges, from planning to commercial phases. This study features the challenges, experiences and latest advances in drilling fluids utilized in geothermal well construction process in Turkey; focusing to provide a comprehensive information about drilling fluids systems and their design principles in geothermal wells in Turkey.GEOS act as a major player in Turkish geothermal drilling industry; providing drilling and completion fluids, solids control equipment and waste management services; having drilled more than 250 deep geothermal wells in utmost challenging downhole environments of Turkish geothermal fields with major operators.Drilling geothermal wells comes along with several challenges. Most important of which could be high temperatures, relatively high pressures and some of the wells having tough lithologies to drill through. Providing wellbore stability across dispersive shales or pressurized ophiolitic formation requires special attention in planning and execution phases. Another special attention has been given to minimize formation damage in reservoir intervals of geothermal wells. Therefore, different options of reservoir drilling fluids are presented and discussed in detail.Drilling fluids systems used in geothermal wells have evolved over the last decade and tailored to suit the challenges to be faced, not only in top hole and intermediate intervals, but also in reservoir intervals. Main objective of this paper is to share the knowledge and experience gained during the learning curve over the years; extensive laboratory studies and field case studies for geothermal well drilling fluids in Turkey are presented.

Economic Instruments to Fund Solid Waste Management Services: Analysis and Recommendations for Jordan

The goal of this paper is to analyze different types of economic instruments as ways to improve financial sustainability of the solid waste management sector. Through a review of various instruments applied in the world practice this paper intends to encourage the gradual implementation of economic instruments in the solid waste sector of Jordan. The problem analysis of waste management sector shows that Jordan is still unable to properly tackle the problem of waste and makes initial steps to adhere to either national or international standards for environmental protection. Current legislation in the solid waste management sector addresses the waste issues but in generic manner. It indicates responsible agencies, fees for the collection of solid waste and fines in case of noncompliance. The laws relate mainly to the solid waste disposal and landfilling at the expenses of other practices. Thus, it appears that a number of principles are not incorporated in the Jordanian regulatory framework. Ideally, economic instruments should be implemented harmoniously throughout the whole region. However, environmental progress could be significantly delayed if to wait for a comprehensive unified approach. Building on what already exists should have first priority. Each municipality may need to choose those economic instruments that have potential for their own situation. In time, the most cost-effective instruments will become evident and widespread. A set of revenue-generating, revenue-providing and non-revenue instruments is recommended to be given priority for Jordan. Keywords: municipal solid waste, deposit-refund, tax, product take-back, extended producer responsibility, feed-in tariff for waste-to-energy generation DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-14-16 Publication date: July 31 st 2020

The Role of Women in Domestic Solid Waste Management in Adamawa State, Nigeria

This is focused on the analysis of women’s role in domestic waste management in Adamwa State, Nigeria with a view to recognizing their roles as well as incorporating their suggestions in matters relating to waste management in particular and environmental issues in general in order to provide sound knowledge base for effective waste management policy framework in the State. Data was collected from a questionnaire survey sample of 400 women residents in Adamawa State. The study reveals that mothers/wives dominated other members of households mostly involved home based activities that results in waste generation such sweeping, washing/cleaning and cooking as shown in the order of 50.0%, 55.8% and 75.0%. Also, children especially the females with 40.0% dominated other household members on waste disposal, while the male heads with (57.0%) compared to wives with 43.0% are more involved in offsetting the bills for waste disposal. Analysis of women’s activities in the last 6 months shows that majority of the women (65.0%) have changed their ways in order to reduce the amount of household waste generation. Also majority 60.0% and 76.2% have participated in monthly sanitation programme and cleared a refuse site around their houses respectively. The finding is a clear indication that most women are environmentally conscious, hence ready to physically contribute towards ensuring hygienic environment. Organic type of waste dominated with 47.5% on household waste generation, while inorganic waste constitutes 40.0% of waste household waste materials. Majority of an average household in the study area generates between 3kg and 4kg of waste daily. Large percentage of the sampled women (61%) does not sort their waste before disposing. Burying of wastes in landfills pits with 25.8 dominated the preferred waste disposal methods by the women. Vast majority of respondents (55.8%) dump their wastes in non-secured dump sites, whereas about 74.5% preferred to dispose their wastes in secured dump site. Majority of the women (40.8%) indicated low frequency of service as their main concerns from the services of waste management authorities, followed by lack of clean appearance around the bin after collection of wastes by the waste collectors with 23.6%. It is therefore recommended that for there to be an effective waste management programmes and services, women should be strongly involved in solidarity networks, where they seek collective solutions for improving the environment. They should be found at the root of every initiative relating to health care, supply of drinking water or awareness about environmental sanitation in the State in general.

PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA DALAM RANGKA TATA KELOLA PEMERINTAHAN YANG LEBIH BAIK MENUJU 100 TAHUN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (2045)

President of the Republic of Indonesia, Joko Widodo said that, based on a number of calculations, Indonesia would perch as one of the five countries with the strongest economy in the world in 2045, when it entered Indonesia 100 years with millennial generation at the peak age of 40-51 years, and this is a productive age. Indonesia has the potential to be shared. 263 million population, who live on more than 17,000 islands consisting of 34 provinces and 514 cities / districts. This community is plural and part of 714 tribes with 1,100 more local languages. Although the majority of the population adheres to Islam, there are many residents of other religions too. No less important to note, that the implementation of decentralization in Indonesia shows the fate and quality of 2/3 (two thirds) of the citizens’ lives, in practice, is largely determined by local government performance of services, ranging from environmental sanitationissues, such as waste management, school quality and health services. Everything depends on the high-low of public services quality in the area. The economic development in Indonesia, especially the legal matters, there is something that needs to be considered, that the law in Indonesia moretowards criminal sanctions against companies, thus carrying the image that, if you want to be an entrepreneur, be prepared to be in prison. And this give opportunities for the officials trap in the abusement of power. A series of datas, regional officials arrested, 24 governors and 115 regents /mayors by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in 2004-2019. The majority of cases are related to bribery and gratification.

ISLAMIC FINANCE IN SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY: EMPOWERMENT OF SUKUK WAKALAH TO BUILD WASTE INDUSTRY

The challenge that Indonesia faces in processing natural and non-biological natural resources is the problem of waste management. High population figures, as well as increased incomes, affect consumption patterns that lead to increased waste generation in Indonesia. It is projected that in 2030 - 2050 waste production will increase, the problem of waste management in Indonesia can be seen from the following indicators, namely the high amount of waste generated, the level of waste management services is still low, limited number of final landfills, waste management institutions and cost problem. To overcome this problem, the issuance of wakalah sukuk as a source of funding for the waste industry center is a solution that can be done by the government. This research uses descriptive analysis research methodology with literature study data collection techniques. In the discussion explained about the concept of sustainable economy and wakalah state sukuk scheme in providing technology procurement financing to the waste processing industry. This research concluded that the wakalah state sukuk could be an alternative financing for technology procurement for the waste industry in increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the company so that it is more environmentally sound and appropriate with SDG's.

A qualitative assessment of solid waste management in Peleng township in Lobatse, Botswana considering spatial aspects

Even though solid waste management is widely researched, there is scanty literature addressing the influence of physical environmental attributes on solid waste management service provision in informal settlements. The aim of this study was to investigate the nexus between physical infrastructural planning and waste management service. To obtain relevant results, this study used the case study of Peleng township in Botswana. The study relied on empirical data collected from 91 randomly selected households. ArcGIS was used for mapping 550 purposively selected households, and for visualization of the physical infrastructure. This study concluded that the community is at the forefront of dealing with waste problems in their settlement. However, their interventions have fallen short of becoming profitable and sustainable due to a failure of the government to integrate solid waste management into mainstream urban development planning. The findings revealed that there is minimal government intervention for improved solid waste management in the area. It recommends that adequate attention must be given to road infrastructure and physical developments in order solid waste management in Peleng, Lobatse.

Waste Political Settlements in Colombia and Chile: Power, Inequality and Informality in Recycling

ABSTRACTThere are stark differences between the waste recycling literature from the global North and that from the global South. The literature from the global North tends to focus on empirical analyses of existing municipal recycling services and rarely considers institutional factors. When it does, the theoretical approaches adopted are limited, especially regarding the role of informal institutions. In contrast, recycling literature from the global South does focus on informal institutions, but it does so by concentrating on the struggles of waste pickers rather than on the performance of waste management services provided by local authorities. This divergence in the literature suggests the need for an analytical framework that integrates institutions and recycling performance. This article analyses waste disposal regimes in two Latin American metropolitan areas, Medellín (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile), and explores the link between income inequality and recycling. It focuses on the political settlements that lie at the heart of the waste regimes. As such, waste regimes in these two cities are understood to be a product of the interplay of balances of power, institutions and distribution of benefits. The study also highlights the need to understand informal institutions as relational phenomena that affect both the rich and the poor, and not just as a subsistence strategy by the latter.

Informal operators in waste management in Accra, Ghana: From neglect to recognition?

Informal waste collectors play an essentialrole in urban solid waste management; however,in many developing countries, they are neglectedin the waste management policy framework. Thispaper explored the policy regime of informal waste operators in waste management in Accra, Ghana.Drawing on qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with informal waste collectors, private waste companies and officials of Accra Metropolitan Assembly, the paper shows that formal waste contractors with concession rights underserve low-class areas due to operational difficulties. The informal waste collectors fill this gap by providing services to these underserved communities though they have no legal entitlement to the concessions. The formal waste contractors and the municipal authorities recognize this gap filling role of informal waste collectors in waste management in Accra yet fail to provide the official recognition to legitimise their participation in solid waste management. The lack of official recognition, even in formal policy documents, undermines the development of informal waste management services as a viable employment option. It also denies a substantial section of the residents in poorer neighbourhoods in the national capital access to affordable and efficient waste management services.

Economic Inefficiency Levels of Urban Solid Waste Management Services in Portugal

Key performance indicators (KPI) are widely used tools to evaluate the economic (in)efficiency of services, including the ones devoted to urban solid waste management. Regulatory exercises are, then, mostly based on the outputs from KPIs, raising some questions about their validity. In theory, other more appropriate tools could be used to estimate those efficiency levels. This study evaluates the economic inefficiency level of urban solid waste management services in Portugal (2010–2017) through the adoption of partial frontier benchmarking models (order-m) coupled with weight restrictions. That way, the constructed model can evaluate the performance of those services under some regulatory and sustainability requirements. Then, estimated efficiency levels and some common KPIs are compared in order to understand if the latter are sufficient to explain the economic efficiency. The novelty of this research lies in two main aspects: (a) the utilization of a robust order-α model coupled with weight restrictions linked to regulatory and sustainability impositions to estimate efficiency, and (b) the comparison of economic efficiency and some commonly used KPIs, including waste fractions and recycling rate. Results point towards efficiency distributions that follow Weibull functions, with the average close to 50%; thus, nearly half of the resources have been well spent in municipal solid waste management services since 2010 onwards. Nonetheless, in an efficient system, that average would be close to 100%. Additionally, the considered management related KPIs do not exhibit any relationship with economic efficiency, which means that their interpretation and usefulness for regulatory issues are both limited and should be used carefully. In other words, those KPIs are not good performance drivers and carry no capacity to explain economic (in)efficiency in urban solid waste management services.