Waste Management Procedures Research Articles

Prediction of the impact of tobacco waste hydrothermal products on compost microbial growth using hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning

The insufficient understanding of the impact of hydrothermal products on the growth characteristics of compost microorganisms presents a significant challenge to the broader implementation of hydrothermal coupled composting for tobacco waste. Traditional biochemical detection methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming, highlighting the need for faster and more accurate alternatives. This study investigated the effects of hydrothermal treatment on tobacco straw products and their influence on compost microorganism growth, using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and machine learning algorithms. Sixty-one tobacco straw samples were analyzed with a hyperspectral camera, and image processing was used to extract average spectra from regions of interest (ROI). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to assess four key variables: nicotine content, total humic acid content, Penicillium chrysogenum H/C ratio, and Bacillus subtilis OD600 ratio. The effects of hydrothermal treatment on compost were classified as promoting, inhibiting, or neutral regarding microbial growth. The Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) method identified the most influential wavelengths in the 900-1700 nm spectral range. The Random Forest (RF) model outperformed SVM, KNN, and XGBoost models in predicting microbial growth responses, achieving Rc = 0.957, RMSE = 3.584. Key wavelengths were identified at 1096 nm, 1101 nm, 1163 nm, 1335 nm, and 1421 nm. The results indicate that hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning can accurately predict changes in the chemical composition of tobacco straws and their effects on microbial activity. This method provides an innovative and effective means of improving the resource usage of tobacco straws in composting, enhancing sustainable waste management procedures.

Assessment of Indoor Air Quality and Influential Factors: A Study in Rural Areas of Solan District, Himachal Pradesh (India)

The study was conducted during December, 2020 to June, 2021 to assess indoor air quality (IAQ) and develop amelioration strategies in rural areas of the Solan district, located in Himachal Pradesh, India. A well-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the factors responsible for indoor air quality.The indoor air quality parameters including PM10, Non-Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (NRSPM), Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Sulfur dioxide (SO2)were studied to calculate air quality index.The findings revealed substantial variation in pollution levels among different villages. Nauni village had the highest concentration of pollutants, with PM10 levels at 24.17 µg m3-1, NRSPM at 20.37 µg m3-1, TSPM at 44.54 µg m3-1, NO2 at 12.54 µg m3-1 and SO2 at 0.35 µg m3-1. In contrast, Nagali village has the lowest levels of these contaminants. Despite variations, all recorded values were within permissible limits. Nine factors were identified as contributing to poor indoor air quality: fuel wood-based cooking, smoke sources, mode of ventilation, insect/pest control measures, waste disposal near the house, use of perfumes and air freshners, cowshed near the house, intermittent cleaning, and dampness in the house due to leakage. To reduce indoor air pollution in rural areas, the study suggests establishing concentrated methods that address these specific issues. Proper ventilation, alternate cooking methods and better waste management procedures are important steps in improving indoor air quality and protecting public health.

Do Energy Efficiency and Technology Boost Sustainable Environment: Evidence from GCC Countries

Sustainable Environment practices significantly reduce carbon emissions by ensuring the continuous use of materials and energy resources, thus making them intrinsically aligned with the underlying objectives of the decarbonization agenda. Technological advancement has the potential to contribute significantly to this shift by streamlining resource flows, enhancing waste management procedures, and allowing more efficient energy consumption. Although Gulf Cooperation Council countries have experienced robust economic growth over the decades, rising pollution emissions and low renewable energy consumption have raised concerns among policymakers about the long-term stability of this growth. In recent years, Gulf countries have paid significant concern to environmental matters and achieved carbon-free development. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between energy efficiency, technology, and sustainability, particularly emphasizing the green economy perspective. Carbon dioxide emission taken as the dependent variable. Frontier Technology Readiness Index reflects the utilization of technology within economies. Energy efficiency is also considered, symbolizing the transition from fossil fuels to green energy due to technological progression in the energy sector. The findings suggest that factors such as the Frontier Technology Readiness Index, the energy intensity level of primary energy, and medium and high-tech manufacturing significantly harm the environment, while scientific and technical journal articles and agriculture significantly improve the environment over time. To improve Gulf Cooperation Council countries' environmental quality, policymakers must understand the factors causing climate change. This study gives policymakers useful information about how to make the Gulf Cooperation Council community more sustainable by looking at energy efficiency, technology, and digital adaptation.

Innovative Techniques for Pharmaceutical Waste Management: Enhancing Drug Recovery and Environmental Sustainability

The pharmaceutical sector is a major component of current healthcare, manufacturing and distributing drugs, biological substances, and medical equipment. Despite its advantages, the sector creates enormous waste, including materials for packaging, production by-products, expired or unused drugs, and other residues, creating health and environmental issues. Appropriate pharmaceutical waste handling and medication recovery strategies are vital for limiting these problems. This article aims to investigate and evaluate multiple techniques for recovering pharmaceuticals from pharmaceutical waste, highlighting the significance of sustainable waste management in the pharmaceutical sector. The paper emphasizes the need to use modern methods such as liquid-liquid extraction, membrane crystallization, solid-liquid extraction, and adsorption to recover drugs from pharmaceutical waste. Liquid-liquid extraction exhibits excellent adaptability and efficiency for varied Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), whereas membrane crystallization provides low-energy solutions for thermally sensitive compounds. Solid-liquid extraction is useful for recovering APIs from solid dosage forms, while adsorption approaches exploit substances like activated carbon for organic component recovery. Each process has particular benefits and disadvantages, with the selection of methodology based on waste properties and recovery objectives. It emphasizes the promise of these technologies for high extraction yields, purity, and environmental sustainability, supporting effective pharmaceutical waste management procedures. Additionally, difficulties such as cost-effectiveness, scalability, and regulatory compliance are addressed, pointing to opportunities for future research and development to improve the efficacy of drug recovery procedures. In conclusion, using advanced techniques to recover pharmaceuticals from pharmaceutical waste offers a viable way to implement sustainable waste recovery procedures and lessen the pharmaceutical industry's negative environmental effects.

Environmental assessment of hospital waste management practices: A study of hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran

This research aims to identify current procedures of hospital waste management in educational hospitals, in western Iran. This study examined upon to be current procedures of medical waste management focusing on the management of hazardous medical waste, under a circular economy. Three criteria environmental situation, environmental management, and environmental performance. The environmental assessment was done by pair matrixes between criteria and sub-criteria, and between scale levels of the indicators were done. The questionnaire structure adopted in the Romero and Carnero study. The Analytic Hierarchy Process method indicates that aspect of the hazardous waste improvement program is essential. The results demonstrated that 56 % of the total environmental criteria score was VERY DEFICIENT in the scale factors classification. The lowest values indicated in the environmental management aspect and 63 % of the total score was VERY DEFICIENT. The results indicated a deficient value in environmental criteria based on the values received for the commitment to environmental policy standards and waste management procedures. The results of environmental performance criteria have shown; that no data was on atmospheric emission. The lack of rules in green purchasing and renewable energy was indicated. In waste management criteria, the total value was reasonable, but there weren't comprehensive rules for redefining waste types and staff training obligations. However, the redefinition of rules, public and staff training, using new technologies, and determination of specific budgets and green teams by proper supervising cycle can be essential to improve hazardous waste management.

Environmental Sustainability and Solid Waste Management Procedures in Bukavu City, Democratic Republic of Congo

Environmental sustainability approaches such as effective solid waste management processes are indispensable for promoting sustainable urban development. Therefore, sustainable approaches to urban solid waste management are essential for every growing city. Bukavu City in Democratic Republic of Congo is a continuously growing city with a correspondingly increasing generation of solid waste which needs effective and sustainable management. This study engaged a mixed method model of both qualitative and quantitative approaches in assessing the perception of respondents on the sustainable aspect of the solid waste management procedures in the city of Bukavu. It administered 400 household questionnaires to residents, but also complemented the retrieved by interviewing key informants about the solid waste management approaches in the city. Results indicate inadequacy in the solid waste management processes in Bukavu City. Therefore, an inclusive and all-encompassing sustainable urban governance is proposed to encourage effective community participation in the management of the city environmental parameters alongside the enshrinement of a sustainable waste and environmental policy.

Analysis of Hazardous and Toxic (B3) Management at the Puskesmas Sirnajaya

Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) is a critical aspect in maintaining environmental health and safety, especially in health service facilities such as Community Health Centers. This research aims to analyze the B3 waste management system at the Puskesmas Sirnajaya, in order to identify the weaknesses and strengths of existing procedures and provide recommendations for improvements that can be implemented to increase the efficiency and safety of waste management. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data was obtained through direct observation, in-depth interviews with health workers and waste managers, as well as analysis of documents related to B3 waste management policies and procedures at the Puskesmas Sirnajaya. Data analysis was carried out thematically to identify patterns and main issues in B3 waste management. The research results show that the Puskesmas Sirnajaya, has B3 waste management procedures which include the stages of collection, temporary storage, transportation and handover to licensed third parties. However, there are several significant weaknesses, including a lack of routine training for officers, limited storage facilities that meet standards, and a lack of regular supervision and monitoring. Some of the advantages found were officers' awareness of the importance of B3 waste management and collaboration with third parties who have official certification.

Optimization And Implementation of Waste Management Planning on Indonesian Flag Non-Convention Ships Sailing in Indonesian Waters

Abstract Waste is one of the objects of concern on ships, especially in terms of its storage and disposal, where more attention must be given to all ships with a gross tonnage of one hundred or more. Every ship certified to carry fifteen people or more, and every fixed or floating platform must have a waste management planning on ship, which includes written procedures for minimizing, collecting, storing, processing and disposing of waste including the use of equipment on the ship. In discussing this material, the researchers analyze the procedures and handling of waste disposal on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships. The method used in this research was the case research method. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews and library research methods. The research results show that on Indonesian-flagged non-conventional ships entering the Port of Makassar, there was still waste thrown into the sea, especially by crew members who did not comply with the waste management procedures regulated in The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Annex V. Ships - Non-conventional ships had not handled waste in accordance with The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 73/78 regulations due to various factors, one of which is that there is no equipment for handling waste in the ship and the lack of understanding of ship crew members in protecting the maritime environment. It is recommended that the company supervise the handling of waste in the ship and on the other hand, the port management must prepare waste storage facilities.

The Reality Of Solid Waste Management In Urban Areas Of Latin America

Currently, the generation of solid waste is observed as a problem that is escalating to higher levels in all countries of the world and also in Latin America. Thus, this literature review article aims to understand and describe the various waste management procedures used in different countries in the region. A search was carried out in different databases and bibliographic sources, using the Scielo, Dialnet and Scopus platforms. In this way and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected, which were considered to provide the reality of policies, action plans, innovation in management techniques and infrastructure. Finally, the administrative deficiency in waste disposal processes is pointed out, which occurs widely in Latin America, with Brazil being the country that presents the greatest number of studies highlighting the deficiencies of its constituent cities. Furthermore, the impact of the joint work of participatory agents (population, State, private sector) is highlighted, which conditions both the good and bad results of solid waste management.

DEVELOPMENT OF TIME-EFFICIENT WASTE COLLECTION ROUTES FOR THE UP DILIMAN CAMPUS USING GIS-BASED NETWORK ANALYSIS

Abstract. Accumulation of waste poses significant environmental and public health concerns. Currently, the Campus Maintenance Office (CMO) of the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPD) facilitates all large-scale waste management procedures through contractual means with the Department of Sanitation and Cleanup Works of Quezon City (DSQC), being guided by CMO upon entry into UPD. The study aims to create time-efficient routes and maps for the current conditions of UPD and CMO through GIS-based network analyses. The datasets utilized in this study include the current UPD traffic scheme, the managed CMO waste collection points, impedance factors like speed bumps, and digitized and estimated traffic data obtained through combined sources from field measurements and online materials. The workflows for the network analysis in ArcGIS involve the preparation of the road network layer, calibration of the network considering the observed collection routes, and the generation of time-efficient routes with appropriately split collection points for the north and south sectors of UPD. The study's new routes found slightly different collection times than the observed collection routes but were able to accommodate more stops that were not observed during fieldwork in comparison.

Assessing sustainable waste management practices in Rajshahi City Corporation: an analysis for local government enhancement using IoT, AI, and Android technology.

This study addresses the pressing challenge of inefficient waste management practices within the Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), Bangladesh. Despite rapid urbanization and escalating waste generation rates, RCC struggles with diverse waste disposal practices, limited supervision, irregular waste collection schedules, and inadequate disposal infrastructure. In this context, this study examines the possible improvements that could be made by combining the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and Android application to improve waste management methods in the RCC. The study's foundation is a vast amount of information gathered from residents, with particular attention paid to waste disposal methods, the role of the local government, the frequency of waste collection, and public attitudes toward waste management. The results point to a complicated waste management environment with a range of waste disposal practices, little supervision, irregular waste collection, and insufficient disposal methods. The importance of RCC in waste management is emphasized, highlighting the need for proactive measures including effective monitoring, constant waste collection, and routine drain cleaning. Additionally, it is suggested that combining IoT, AI, and Android technology is a possible way to improve waste management procedures. These technologies have the potential to increase productivity, lessen their negative effects on the environment, and produce cleaner, more sustainable urban environments.

A bi-objective sustainable vehicle routing optimization model for solid waste networks with internet of things

Waste production is growing in most communities due to population expansion. Given the stated issue, managing the Solid Waste (SW) created worldwide would be vital. Effective Waste Management (WM) is essential to preserving the environment and lowering pollution. It aids in resource preservation, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and ecosystem protection. Additionally, the promotion of public health and sanitation is significantly aided by WM procedures. This study presents an integrated procedure to enhance the operations of a WM network for recycling SW. We propose a mathematical model to find the optimal sustainable vehicle routes, allocation, and Sequence Scheduling (SS) problem in the recycling industry to reduce costs and CO2 emissions and increase job opportunities. The fundamental innovation of this work is considering waste-vehicle and waste-technology compatibility and Internet of Things (IoT) systems in the model to decrease CO2 emissions and identify compatible waste for recycling centers to produce more final products. An LP-metric and an Epsilon Constraint (EC) approach are used to solve the suggested model. By comparing the two approaches, we have found EC performs better in results and CPU time. As a result, various test problems of different sizes are offered. Accordingly, sensitivity analyses are recommended to assess the suggested model’s effectiveness. Using vehicles compatible with waste reduces CO2 emissions. Utilizing IoT technology and optimization methods makes it feasible to save costs (20%), have a less destructive impact on the environment (36%), and ultimately increase the sustainability of the WM process.

Diagnosis of waste handling procedures and general sanitation conditions in the rural area of Patos-PB

The objective of the present research was to identify the solid waste management procedures and general aspects of basic sanitation in the rural area of Patos-PB. It is a case study, with a qualitative research, because it intended, through the application of a questionnaire with structured and semi-structured questions to the target audience, to identify the socio-environmental and economic aspects and the dynamics of waste handling and sanitation. The study was developed on the territorial scale of the municipality. After analyzing the data, it was found that the disposal procedure for dry waste used in most rural households in the municipality is burning. It can be seen that this practice is rooted in habits and customs acquired over time, due to the lack of collection by the public service, leaving the generator responsible for the destination. Among these residues that are burned are those that are subject to reverse logistics such as pesticide packaging. There are also no adequate conditions for the treatment and disposal of domestic sewage. The general conditions of basic sanitation are still problematic and seem to be far from being solved.

Neutralização de Drenagem Ácida de Rochas com Lama Vermelha de Bauxita: Ensaios de Batelada em Laboratório

Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) is one of the world's most challenging environmental issues. Alkaline amendments to barriers for ARD prevention or direct ARD alkaline treatment have been routinely used for ARD management. In turn, bauxite red mud (BRM) is an alkaline residue from the alumina industry, with annual average production close to 120 million tons. So the use of BRM for ARD neutralization seems to be a good alternative and must be investigated. The main objective of this experiment is to assess suitable proportions of BRM to treat ARD under the perspective of waste management procedures. So, laboratory short-term batch equilibrium tests were carried out using different volumetric and mass proportions. The use of a volumetric approach was intended to simulate the mixture of BRM pulp with the ARD liquid solutions, while the mass approach refer to the mixtures of dewatered BRM and ARD. The pH and metal removal percentage, called here as extraction, were respectively used as neutralization and treatment efficiency parameters. The results have showed that BRM was efficient for ARD neutralization on BRM volumetric proportions greater than 60% and solid (BRM):liquid(ARD) ratio of 1:1.5. This ratio result on extraction values greater than 90% for most of the ARD chemicals.

Solid Waste Management from a systems perspective using GRA methodology

The waste management procedure involves collecting the rubbish from different sources and disposing of it. This process includes the collection, transport, cleaning, analysis, final disposal of waste. This circumstance inspired Hand in Hand India (Hang India), a griddle non-profit organization that supports sustainable development, to work with the inhabitants of Karakul to change mindsets and behavior in their approach to trash management. The necessary infrastructure is lacking in small cities like Karakul to treat its solid waste. It resulted in a significant environmental problem and a lack of understanding among locals, according to Achieved Shekharan from HIHI. By assessing how closely each option resembles the ideal answer, grey relation analysis provides a potent instrument that may environments. A complex decision-making process, design idea evaluation involves a number of elements, including design requirements and limitations including client needs, product prices, and development time. Sanitary landfill (%), Incineration (%), and Open dumps (%), Others (%).Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America. from the result it is seen that Latin America and is got the first rank whereas is the Asia got is having the lowest rank. The value of the dataset for Sentiment analysis technique in GRA (Gray-related analysis)method shows that it results in Latin America and top ranking.

Fostering Community-Led Waste Management Through Dynamic Governance: A Case Study of Batam City

Effective city solid waste management has become a critical issue for communities globally due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasing environmental concerns. The convergence of economic development and environmental preservation in Batam City, Indonesia, has underscored the necessity for inventive waste management approaches. This study examines the impact of dynamic governance and community empowerment in addressing the intricate waste issue in Batam City. The research uses a qualitative approach to investigate the underlying reasons for waste management difficulties. It investigates how adaptive governance might improve stakeholder cooperation and decision-making based on facts. Effective policy implementation relies on public interaction, yet meaningful participation remains difficult. Prior research suggests that individuals are more inclined to engage in matters that directly impact them, and ambiguous implementation protocols and a lack of confidence in political establishments frequently hinder community engagement in environmental policy. The waste management techniques in Batam City are conventional and inefficient due to limited government resources, highlighting the necessity for a more comprehensive strategy. The study's results indicate that implementing dynamic governance, which involves the flexibility to adapt and collaborate with stakeholders, can enhance waste management procedures. In addition, applying social capital theory can facilitate community empowerment, leading to a heightened sense of ownership and active engagement in waste management initiatives. Communities can enhance the effectiveness and durability of waste management systems by utilizing social networks, trust, and shared standards. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating inventive governance approaches with community-led efforts to tackle urban trash issues and advance sustainable development in Batam City.

Industrial Waste Management Techniques in Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria

The production of various types of industrial trash has expanded dramatically as a result of the industrial expansion that has been observed in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. This research provides a thorough analysis of the industrial waste management strategies that are currently in use in this city. The study includes a comprehensive investigation of the range of industrial waste, which includes solids, liquids, gases, and particulate matter, and which comes from different industrial sectors in Port Harcourt. The complex physical and chemical characteristics of these wastes are explored, as well as how they affect the surrounding ecosystem and public health. In addition, this research examines the current waste management approaches that are used in Rivers State and clarifies the legal frameworks controlling the disposal and treatment of industrial waste. It looks into the common ways that companies dispose of garbage, such as land filling, incineration, recycling, open dumping, and wastewater treatment. Effective waste management procedures are hindered by a number of problems, including poor disposal facilities, inadequate infrastructure, problems with regulatory compliance, and low public awareness. These problems are fully investigated. Additionally, this study promotes the use of cutting-edge waste minimization and management technology while highlighting the critical role that stakeholder and public participation play. Additionally, case studies showcasing Port Harcourt’s industry-specific waste management techniques are presented. In order to reduce environmental deterioration, preserve public health, and promote sustainable industrial growth, it is important to create effective waste management systems. These findings are summarised in the conclusion of this academic study. Furthermore, it provides practical suggestions for enhancing trash management tactics in this metropolitan environment.

Analyzing the barrier factors in implementing on-site construction waste management: a structural equation modeling approach

Waste Management Plans must be implemented on all construction sites regardless of site size. With an effective site waste management plans (SWMPs), the amount of waste generated can be controlled, minimized and partially prevented, and financial losses can be monitored and quantified. There is non-compliance with construction SWMP as well as recycling at construction sites. The goal of this study is to conduct ranking of the barrier factors in implementing effective SWMP and in addition to that a structural equation modeling (SEM) of factors to find correlations between them. Data collected through a questionnaire survey are checked for reliability using Cronbach's alpha test using IBM SPSS 22 software and analyzed and evaluated using the Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The barriers overcome with the highest RII value were unavailable waste management procedures and technological support within the organization and insufficient environmental training of construction workers in waste management. Structural equation modeling (SEM) of barriers, correlation, and hypothesized significance of the relationship between these factors was performed using smartPLS 3 software. The final SEM results showed that the construction-related factor had the highest path coefficient, indicating that the technical factor significantly affects legal aspects. The higher the beta coefficient, the stronger the effect of the exogenous latent construct on the endogenous latent construct. All hypotheses found to be significant have since been accepted. This is mainly useful in policy making in waste management Plans.

Solid waste management practice and challenges in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria

Sustainable healthy living conditions depends on effective waste management. The aim of this study is to evaluate solid waste management practices and challenges in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. Three communities were administered three hundred questionnaires which were pre- tested and refined. The results shows that 56.7% of respondents are male while only about 43.3% are female and 70% of household heads are married. Organic waste/food waste had the highest percentage of 96.7% followed by plastic (90%). Empty can drinks recorded the highest percentage with (100%) across the study area. A Majority (73.3%) of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that inadequate service coverage by waste managers could lead to waste management problems while 13.3% were undecided. 73.3% of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that lack of trained personnel by waste managers could lead to waste management problems. A Majority (80%) and (83.3%) of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that lack of vehicles and vehicle /equipment breakdown of waste managers could lead to waste management problems. 72% and 66.7% of the respondents strongly agreed and agreed that the lack of enforcement measures by government agencies and poor cooperation by government agencies on waste managers could lead to waste management problems. 86.7% of respondents considers that environmental degradation from solid waste affects their families while 96.7% of respondent agreed that waste litter the road, land and public area. Sapele locals require health education as well as regular garbage collection facilities at authorized final dump locations. These will encourage rigorous adherence to proper and appropriate waste management procedures among them.

Quantification and compliance with solid biomedical waste management procedures: effects on the reduction of environmental pollution at the ­University Hospital Centre (CHU) Campus in Togo

Quantification and compliance with solid biomedical waste management procedures: effects on the reduction of environmental pollution at the ­University Hospital Centre (CHU) Campus in Togo