Waste Management Operations Research Articles

Analysis of long-term MSW settlement based on field data measured at two closed landfills

Waste settlement characteristics vary depending on waste composition, physical properties, waste management operations, and time. In this study, the post-closure waste settlement behavior was analyzed using field data measured at two closed municipal solid waste landfills in Korea, for 23 and 5 years after landfill closure. The long-term waste settlement data was analyzed to derive a time-varying long-term compression ratio (CLT) that was consistent with modeled biodegradation processes. A statistical assessment of the field data was conducted to examine the relationship between CLT and several factors that may affect the observed settlements. The CLT of Landfill #1 and #2 was found to vary between the two landfills that had differences in the percentage of organic matter (B0), total unit weight (γwaste), and moisture content (w) due to changes in waste management policies.

EVALUATING AND OPTIMIZING THE HAULED CONTAINER SYSTEM (HCS) IN PT. KAMIBOX MAJU SEJAHTERA'S WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATION

This study evaluates the Hauled Container System (HCS) used in PT. Kamibox Maju Sejahtera's waste management operations. The HCS is a transportation method to transport containers filled with waste and recyclables from collection points to processing or disposal facilities, at PT. Kamibox Maju Sejahtera vehicles travel from a centralized hub in Cisauk to specific pickup locations to load containers. Each vehicle typically handles one location per operational cycle and then transports the loaded container to its destination. Our analysis shows that the HCS system currently enables approximately 2.45 trips per day, which translates to two practical daily trips. This system's simplicity and directness provide ease of management and reduce contamination risk, reassuring the audience about its current effectiveness. The study further explores fuel efficiency and costs, revealing that while the Gran Max is the most fuel-efficient, the Colt Diesel is the most cost-effective. Recommendations include optimizing vehicle use and considering more fuel-efficient alternatives to improve sustainability and reduce operational costs. The findings serve as a guide for PT. Kamibox Maju Sejahtera and similar enterprises were aiming for sustainable waste management.

Unveiling underutilized public data on Canadian industrial pollutant transfers and disposals

ABSTRACT Over 50 nations worldwide have Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs), including Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), which comprise large public datasets of chemical releases to air, water, and land and also transfers to various on and off-site waste management practices. These inventories aim to support a myriad of audiences in pollution-related decision-making. While the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) framed a role for PRTRs as indicators for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 - the sound management of chemicals and wastes, research to date has focused only on air and water releases, omitting vast PRTR data on pollutant transfers to waste management. For Canada’s NPRI, 30 years of waste management transfers data on 250+ chemicals has been collected but rarely used in environmental research. Here we show how this overlooked NPRI data may be used to inform snapshots and trends in progress towards SDG 12 using the OECD’s framework. Results show that over 28 million (M) tonnes (t) of NPRI pollutants have been transferred from industrial facilities to various waste management practices from 2006 to 2021, of which ~10M t were transferred off-site for waste management operations both within and outside Canada. Time trends show pollutant transfer quantities are increasing, driven by on-site disposals to tailings and waste rock management (of mainly phosphorous, manganese and other metals) and underground injection (of mainly hydrogen sulphide). New route maps reveal that interprovincial and international pollutant transfers are common, and that chain of custody analyses is a burgeoning opportunity but hampered by data limitations. The findings create a state of the knowledge launching point for mainstreaming the use of this overlooked data from both Canada’s NPRI and PRTRs around the world, to better track both national and international progress towards sound management of chemicals in waste and SDG 12. Implications: Pollutant transfers and disposals data has not previously been widely used in environmental research. This paper shows how it can be, in the context of SDG 12. Doing so can inspire uptake by researchers and a range of other public users, both strengthening the justification for collecting this data, and bolstering public participation in environmental decision-making from a local to global scale. Doing so also provides the foundation for more in-depth analysis on the domestic and international transboundary movement of Canadian industrial pollutants in waste in the lens of SDG 12 – a topic that was beyond scope here but addressed elsewhere.

IoT-based waste management: hybrid optimal routing and waste classification model.

Internet of Things (IoT) makes connectivity between physical devices which are embedded with sensors, software, and connectivity that let them to communicate and transfer data. This technology makes it possible to collect and transfer data from a vast network device, opening the door to the development of automatic and more efficiency systems. The term "waste management" refers to all of the responsibilities essential to regulate trash, from the point of gathering through reusing and monitoring. Reducing the hazardous consequences of such garbage on the environment and human health is the goal of waste management. By considering these hazardous consequences, this research work is interested in working on an efficient waste management system. The utilization of IoT devices enables municipalities to optimize waste management operations by leveraging data insights. This information aids in scheduling waste collections more effectively and planning optimal routes. Therefore, the research work proposes an IoT-based waste management system with two vital processes such as IoT routing and waste management. At first, routing in IoT is done by proposing hybrid optimization algorithm named Snake Optimization Updated Beluga Whale Optimization algorithm (SOUBWO) under constraints such as distance, energy, link quality, delay, and trust. Secondly, waste management is worked on by following steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The waste images collected by IoT devices are transmitted from source node (SN) to destination node (DN) by optimal routing. Those transmitted waste images are pre-processed by Wiener filtering process. Consequently, the pre-processed images are segmented by employing proposed Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering Using Hierarchies-Altered Distance Metrics (BIRCH-ADM) algorithm. Subsequently, features such as multi-text on histogram feature, proposed Local Gabor XOR Pattern (LGXP)-based feature using novel image processing techniques, and statistical features are extracted. Finally, these extracted features are efficiently classified by hybrid classification model which is formed by integrating conventional deep maxout and Bidirectional-Long Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through various analyses, including performance and statistical analyses. Moreover, the proposed scheme demonstrates minimal energy consumption, with a recorded value of 0.123. In contrast, conventional methodologies exhibit higher energy consumption, with values such as SOA = 0.237, BWO = 0.146, BES = 0.183, SMO = 0.158, CHOA = 0.174, and PSO = 0.189, respectively. By this hybrid classification model, the process of classification on waste is effectively done and moreover its effectiveness is proved by various analyses.

“Measuring the health and fiscal outcomes of solid waste management operations by intergovernmental arrangements: The case of public consortia in Brazil”

This study estimates the health-related and public expenditure impacts of the solid waste services provided by public consortia in Brazilian Municipalities from the enactment of Public Consortia law (2005) to 2019. To conduct the analysis, we applied the econometric method of staggered difference-in-differences to publicly available datasets at the municipality level. The results show that the operation of solid waste services by public consortia had statistically significant effects in reducing hospitalizations caused by Schistosomiasis, Diarrhea/gastroenteritis (up to 5 years age) and other intestinal diseases. The results also indicate a positive impact on the reduction of environmental expenses in treated municipalities, supporting the idea that a Solid Waste Consortium can serve as a local coordinator and improve health and fiscal indicators simultaneously. The findings provide quantitative evidence that policymakers at the local and regional level can use to better understand the benefits of adhering to public consortia when preparing new investments and operation developments for this sector. This paper contributes to the literature of applied research in solid waste by shedding light on the underexplored theme of the intergovernmental cooperative arrangements, which can be instrumental in accelerating and enhancing the development of solid waste services.

AI’s Role in Sustainable Business Practices and Environmental Management

This paper delves into the critical role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in fostering sustainable business practices and enhancing environmental management. At the heart of this study is the exploration of how AI technologies are revolutionizing the approach towards sustainability in the business world, addressing environmental challenges with innovative solutions. This study aims to comprehensively understand AI’s integration, impact, and challenges in sustainable business practices and environmental stewardship. Through a methodological approach grounded in an extensive literature review, this study eschews fieldwork and statistical analysis, focusing instead on a qualitative synthesis of existing research. This approach facilitates a deep understanding of the historical evolution of AI in business, its response to global sustainability challenges, and the theoretical frameworks guiding its application in this domain. The findings reveal that AI significantly enhances energy efficiency, waste management, and sustainable supply chain operations. AI’s ability to process large datasets and provide actionable insights is instrumental in optimizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental impacts. However, the study also identifies key barriers to AI implementation, including data integration challenges, a lack of AI literacy, and resistance to technological change. Conclusively, AI emerges as a potent tool in achieving environmental sustainability goals. However, its full potential can only be realized by overcoming implementation barriers through collaborative efforts, robust governance, and ethical considerations. Future research is recommended to explore AI’s role in emerging sustainability areas and assess its long-term environmental impacts. The study concludes with a call for proactive engagement with AI technologies, advocating for their strategic adoption in pursuit of a sustainable and environmentally responsible future.

Catalyzing paradigm shifts in global waste Management: A case study of Saharanpur Smart city

Waste management is a global issue of the utmost importance since rising waste water poses major dangers to both environmental sustainability and public health. The concept of decentralized waste management is thoroughly introduced in this essay, and its current status in various parts of the world is also examined in detail. In order to shed light on potential advancements and trends in waste management practices, it examines the numerous strategies and actions employed in various locales to manage garbage locally. In addition, this paper analyzes and examines persistent gaps and disparities in decentralized waste management across numerous countries and areas. It highlights the disparities between infrastructure, technological adoption, statutory frameworks, and socioeconomic elements that make waste management operations.

Perencanaan Teknis Operasional Pengelolaan Sampah

BTN Rajawali Residence has 88 building units with type 45 (commercial), if the assumption is that each house is occupied by 5 people, 440 people will produce waste. BTN Rajawali Residence has waste problems such as the lack of available infrastructure so that many people throw garbage out of place. The purpose of this study is to identify waste generation, waste composition and analyze the existing conditions of waste management operational techniques in the housing and then plan waste management operational techniques. Sampling was carried out for eight (8) consecutive days in accordance with SNI 19-3964-1994 on methods of collection and measurement of urban waste and interviews for data collection on the existing conditions of technical waste management operations. The results of this study show that the waste generation of BTN Rajawali Residence Housing is 71.601 kg with an average of 11.934 kg/day/source which is equal to an average of 0.0850 kg/day/person. Based on the results of observations and interviews at the research location, the existing conditions of operational waste management techniques, the BTN Rajawali Resindence housing community has not implemented good waste management operational techniques according to existing regulations. Operational technical planning includes segregation, containerization, collection/transportation, processing and temporary disposal sites (TDS). The planned sorting is based on SNI 19-2454-2002 by sorting wet waste (organic), dry waste (inorganic) and residual waste by each household (from the source), referring to SNI 19-2454-2002 (procedures for urban waste management operational techniques) So, a container with a capacity of 40 liters is planned, with a barrel height of 60 cm, length 40 cm and width 40 cm. Then, it is planned for a waste transportation tool with a capacity of 200 kg of cargo, a tub height of 80 cm, a tub width of 130 cm and a length of 180 cm. The planned waste processing is composting with the individual method and the natural process with a composter barrel height of 50 cm diameter 30 cm. The TPS used to dispose of community waste is a communal TDS developed by the Government of the Environment and Forestry Service (GEFS) of Kendari City.

Evaluation of Garbage Management Based on IoT

Smart Waste Monitoring: To track the amount of waste in bins and containers, IOT-enabled garbage management systems use sensors and connected devices. These sensors can communicate real-time data to a centralized monitoring system and can identify the fill level. This data aids in streamlining waste collection routes, cutting back on pointless pickups, and enhancing garbage management effectiveness as a whole. Effective Resource Allocation: By giving precise data on waste generation patterns and trends, IOT-based garbage management systems enable optimal resource allocation. This information can be used by municipal authorities to make well-informed decisions on waste collection schedules, resource deployment, and staffing levels. IOT-based waste management solutions have the potential to make trash management procedures more effective and efficient while also being more affordable. The best garbage collection routes, operational cost reductions, and resource utilization may all be achieved with the aid of research into the best deployment strategies for IOT sensors and devices. Environmental Impact and Sustainability: Research Objective: Clearly identify the research objective, for example, by assessing how well IOT-based garbage management systems gather waste and allocate resources. Data gathering: Compile pertinent information on the methods used for trash generation, collection, and resource use. On-site observations, employee interviews, and database access for waste management operations are all effective ways to accomplish this. Gather information on IOT sensor technologies and their capabilities as well. Taken As alternative for Smart Waste Bins, Waste Level, Sensors, AI Recycling, Robots, E-Waste Kiosks. Taken for Evaluation preference is Reliability, Mobility, Service Continuity, User Convenience., and Energy Efficiency. Smart Waste Bins has performed more when compare to with other Real-Time Monitoring: The Internet of Things (IOT) can be used in waste management to enable real-time monitoring of trash cans or bins can be used to enhance garbage sorting procedures. Smart bins with cameras and sensors can automatically recognize and sort various types of rubbish. These smart bins can identify and categorise rubbish by utilizing IOT technology. on their material composition or recycling category.

Development of a Deep Learning Based Automatic Garbage Classification System

Abstract: The escalating global waste production has given rise to significant environmental challenges, encompassing pollution and health risks. Effective waste management hinges on the essential process of garbage categorization. Nonetheless, manual sorting proves to be arduous, error- prone, and time-intensive. To address this, automated garbage classification powered by deep learning has emerged as a promising remedy. This project introduces a garbage classification framework leveraging convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to achieve remarkable precision in distinguishing various garbage types. Comprising preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification stages, this system holds the potential to curtail the necessity for manual intervention in waste management operations. This, in turn, can enhance the efficiency and precision of garbage segregation procedures

Quality control and assessment of compost obtained from open and In-Vessel composting methods

Huge quantity of municipal solid wastes which are generated in the metropolitan city like Bangalore has made the waste management operations very difficult within the city. This improper waste management has resulted in adverse effects on human health, soil, biota and the surrounding air. This paper provides information related to (a) Comparison between In Vessel composting method and Open air composting method which are majorly used in our current study for converting the organic fraction of the municipal solid wastes (especially the food and garden wastes of the city) into a high-quality product material called compost. (b) Designing of a portable In-Vessel composting wooden box for the Bangalore city households.The In-Vessel composting method was carried out in a close fabricated portable rectangular wooden box which was specifically designed for our current study purpose and Open Air composting method was carried out in normal open plastic bins where wastes were exposed to the surrounding atmospheric conditions. The composting operational parameters like the temperature, pH, moisture content & aeration are monitored throughout the study phase. The final compost samples obtained from both In-Vessel composting and Open Air composting techniques were sent for nutrient quality testing (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium- N,P,K) to the nearby Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK) Biochemistry laboratory, Bangalore. The testing results showed that comparatively, the compost samples obtained from In vessel composting method were found to be having optimum quantity of nutrients essential for the plants growth. During the study, it is also found that the In-Vessel composting not only yields a nutritious compost, but also assists in odour control. Hence the currently designed In-Vessel composting box can be easily adopted & installed within individual houses or within the small scale communities of Bangalore to manage the organic wet wastes. This in-turn reduces the amount of wastes entering into the landfill sites.

Hazardous and toxic waste management operations in educational hospitals Semarang city

Background: The problem of medical hazardous and toxic materials waste management is still often the problem of mostly being in hospitals plus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the management of medical hazardous and toxic materials waste at Diponegoro National Hospital, Semarang city during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Data collection was carried out through qualitative descriptions.Results: Management that has not been in accordance with regulations was waste bags that were still found that have not been equipped with infectious symbols, the binding to garbage bags was not correct, and the bags were still hollow. There was still a discrepancy in the waste storage at the TPS, namely the floor of the TPS looks dirty. Selection of special lines for transportation, provision of disinfectants and noncompliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for waste officers.Conclusion: It is recommended that the Hospital has made efforts to meet the standard requirements for waste management in accordance with the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No. 56 of 2015

РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПРИБРЕЖНОЙ ЗОНЫ КОЛЬСКОГО ПОЛУОСТРОВА (ПО ДАННЫМ НАБЛЮДЕНИЙ В 2013-2020 ГОДАХ)

The current radionuclide pollution of the marine environment (water and bottom sediments) in the coastal zone of the Kola Peninsula have been analyzed. The background pollution of the coast is formed by the Barents Sea water inflow, nuclear fleet infrastructure facilities, and radioactive waste management operations. The main factors determining radiation background and spatial dynamics of pollution in the largest bays and open coastal areas have been considered. As a result, it is stated that the main factor determining the radiation background of the open coastal zone is the transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr radioisotopes from the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic by the Murmansk nearshore current. The emission of radionuclides from nuclear infrastructure facilities in the Andreev, Zapadnaya Litsa, and Kola bays is insignificant and has a local nature in terms of the scale of impact.

Development of a NASA roadmap for planetary protection to prepare for the first human missions to Mars

As part of planning for future space exploration, COSPAR (The Committee on Space Research) together with participating space agencies, organized and held interdisciplinary meetings to consider next steps in addressing knowledge gaps for planetary protection for future human missions to Mars. Beginning with the results of these meetings and earlier work by NASA, ESA, and COSPAR (e.g., Criswell et al., 2005; Hogan et al., 2006; Rummel et al., 2008) as a base the authors of this paper carried out a follow-on NASA planning activity to identify the necessary steps to be accomplished to close knowledge gaps. We identified significant overlap between the planetary protection needs and other sets of Mars preparation roadmaps (1) microbial monitoring requirements for crew health and medical systems, (2) studies of the microbiome of the built environment, (3) environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), (4) waste management, and (5) planetary surface operations. In many cases, efforts to mature exploration class systems for Mars that are occurring in other domains can be leveraged with minor changes to address planetary protection gaps as well. In other cases, work planned for testing on the International Space Station (ISS) as an analog for crew Mars transit, or on the lunar surface as an analog for Mars surface operations can be used to close planetary protection technology and knowledge gaps. An overall strategic framework that combines these domains has the advantage of being more comprehensive, efficient, and timely for closing gaps.This approach has led to the development of a NASA roadmap for addressing planetary protection integrated with other related roadmaps. NASA's development and execution of the planetary protection is now viewed in an integrated way with related technology development and testing. Key features of the integrated capabilities roadmap include:•A focus on microbial monitoring needs for crewed systems overall, and the additional work needed to develop and demonstrate baseline vs. abnormal changes in microbial communities over time.•Integrated consideration of planetary protection and crew health requirements relevant to crew quarantine and science sample transportation.•Specific and targeted studies of microbial growth and biofilms in microgravity and lunar surface ECLSS systems.•Development of sterilization, cleaning, and waste handling technologies that meet habitation needs as well as planetary protection needs.

CURRENT STATE OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS WASTE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS IN UKRAINE

The paper analyzes the steady trend of solar energy development, which is accompanied by the formation and accumulation of solar panel waste. This process requires the application of accomplished waste management and the development of waste disposal technologies. It was determined that the problem of waste solar photovoltaic panels becomes more urgent due to the military actions taking place on the territory of Ukraine. The general characteristics of waste for different types of panels are given. The heterogeneity of the materials of photovoltaic panels leads to an ambiguous classification and involves a combination of safe and dangerous components. It has been determined that photovoltaic panel waste can be divided into two hazard classes: hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste. The key points of solar panel waste management operations are characterized in accordance with the Law of Ukraine “On Waste Management” and EU Legislation. The main points of disposal of unusable photovoltaic panels with recovery of valuable raw materials are described. It is noted that there are significant differences in the material composition of crystalline silicon panels and thin film modules. It is noted that two processing types of PV modules are currently distinguished – coarse and fine, and the most effective steps in the preparatory stage of disposal are also determined. In general, PV panel waste disposal operations combine mechanical and chemical material extraction processes. The imperfection of the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of waste management, the increase in the ecological danger of the generation and accumulation of waste, the imperfection of the information base and waste monitoring, the insufficient development of the processes of organizing the processes of collection, accumulation and transfer of waste for disposal, the insufficiency of proposals for methods of processing and disposal of solar panels waste as a valuable resource of secondary raw materials are notable as the main problems in the field of waste management of photovoltaic panels in Ukraine. One of the main tasks for development is to increase the share of waste materials that are currently not disposed of, but can be used as secondary raw materials.

Keenness of Households to Solid Waste Management Payment in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

This study examines the keenness of households to solid waste management payment in Ibeju-Lekki Local Government, Lagos State, Nigeria with a focus on some factors such as location quality, standard of living, gender and education. The data for this study was collected using a standardized and self-administered questionnaire which was divided into five sections namely socio-demographic, quality of location, quality of residents, Operations of the waste managers and households’ keenness to pay. From the results, location quality (B = 0.191, p<0.05), waste management operation (B = 0.150, p<0.05) and standard of living (B = 0.589, p<0.05) contributed significantly to the model. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that the model explained 52.8% of the variance and was a significant predictor of household keenness on payment for solid waste management (F (3, 253) = 94.358, p <0 .05). The relationship between household keenness to paying for waste management and gender was not significant; male (M=27.66, SD=6.57) and female (M=27.43, SD=6.96), t (255) = 0.270, p= 0.787. The level of education shares a statistical significance with the keenness of household to waste management payment [F (4, 252) =3.026, p=0.018]. In conclusion, the keenness of households in this study to solid waste management payment has shown that education level, quality of location, standard of living of the households and the waste management firm operation are factors to reckon with if the public private partnership that is involved in waste management is to survive.

Heavy metal oxide added glassy portable containers for nuclear waste management applications: In comparison with reinforced concrete containers

This study aimed to investigate the protective properties of Bi2O3 heavy metal oxide-doped glassy portable containers and the effect of reinforcement amount on these properties using the MCNPX (version 2.6.0) general-purpose Monte Carlo code. Accordingly, 60Co and 137Cs radioisotopes were defined as point isotropic radioactive sources to be transported with the newly designed containers. Four containers with different heavy metal oxide additives varying between 5% and 20% were designed and the deposited energy (MeV/g) values in the air were calculated for both 60Co and 137Cs radioisotopes. According to the findings of the first phase of the investigation, the sample (S4) with a 20% Bi2O3 additive ratio showed the highest protective properties and the least amount of deposited energy amount in the air. In the second and benchmarking phase of the investigation, we compared the amount of deposited energy in the air for the superior S4 glass container and a concrete container with a high amount of bitumen additive. The findings demonstrated that the S4 portable glass container with a 20% Bi2O3 reinforcement provided significantly lower deposited energy in the air and therefore greater nuclear safety than the concrete container. Heavy metal oxide-doped glass may be considered a viable choice for nuclear waste management and transportation operations due to its nuclear safety properties and superior physical, optical, and mechanical capabilities in comparison with concrete.

Cost-effective municipal unions formation within intermediate regions under prioritized waste energy recovery

Waste-to-Energy technology is a promising approach, that should help to mitigate risk of energy crisis and to overcome problem with increasing waste generation. The European union actively promotes energy recovery from waste in its policies and limits landfilling of utilizable waste. These legally induced changes substantially affect municipalities: waste treatment becomes more expensive and complex. To react to these up-coming complications, it is beneficial to create municipal unions, focused on the cooperation in waste management operations. Such municipal unions help to lower waste treatment costs and to optimize waste collection. This paper applies general cooperative game theory approach to study how municipalities cooperate within regions of intermediate urban-rural type. Novel distributed dynamic coalition formation algorithm is used to describe process of unions’ creation. Moreover, on the basis of sampling Shapley value, suitable financial transfers within unions are proposed. The paper also presents a review of current applications of game theory to energetics, validates proposed method using the Czech Republic interregional case study and discusses the conducted sensitivity analysis. Results suggest the most suitable municipal unions for adaptation to new waste treatment legislative and demonstrate that through cooperation municipalities are able to save up to 8% of waste treatment costs.

Forecasting Landfilling Indicators Of Municipal Waste In Greece Using Univariate Time-series Model

Implementation of environmental policies, is one of the European Commission's key priorities, as confirmed by its proposal for the 7th Environment Action Programme and the Roadmap to a resource-efficient Europe. Subsequently, the European Union revised its waste legislation to address these challenges more adequately. As a result, the EU's Waste Framework Directive and Landfill Directive set binding targets for recycling municipal waste and diverting biodegradable municipal waste from landfills. This paper deals with the monitoring of municipal waste management operations in Greece, in terms of technical content and ability to reach the targets of the initiatives. In addition, a more detailed report on waste indicators published by Eurostat will be based on an Exploratory Data Analysis and on a Univariate time-series prediction model. Finally, the overall aim of this study is to gain maximum insight into the data and understand its underlying structure through graphical representation, to achieve the most accurate forecast for the landfilling operation.

ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN HUNGARY AND SLOVAKIA

Waste production is an indispensable human process that happens daily in all communities. With the population increase and the industry developments, the waste amounts are growing, and their treating processes are taking a bigger share of the transportation and handling tasks in the city logistics. These waste collection, transportation, and treatment are described as waste management has been investigated and developed especially with the various application, solutions, and developments in the logistics, transportation, and industrial areas. Also, with the higher attention to the environmental impact in the different areas, the green aspect of waste management takes more importance particularly in city logistics where congestion occurs regularly. Within this work, waste management is analyzed in Europe generally and Hungary specifically. Eurostat database is used for that purpose next to previous research work tackling this topic. Also, a comparison between the waste management operations in Hungary and Slovakia is discussed to show the difference of these operations’ developments between the two countries between 2014 and 2020.