Waste Management In Urban Areas Research Articles

The Contribution of Open Source Software in Identifying Environmental Crimes Caused by Illicit Waste Management in Urban Areas

This study focuses on the analysis, implementation and integration of techniques and methods, also based on mathematical algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), to acquire knowledge of some phenomena that produce pollution with an impact on environmental health, and which start from illicit practices that occur in urban areas. In many urban areas (or agroecosystems), the practice of illegal waste disposing by commercial activities, by abandoning it in the countryside rather than spending economic resources to ensure correct disposal, is widespread. This causes an accumulation of waste in these areas (which can also be protected natural areas), which are then also set on fire to reduce their volume. Obviously, the repercussions of such actions are many. The burning of waste releases contaminants into the environment such as dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and furans, and deposits other elements on the soil, such as heavy metals, which, by leaching and percolating, contaminate water resources such as rivers and aquifers. The main objective is the design and implementation of monitoring programs against specific illicit activities that take into account territorial peculiarities. This advanced approach leverages AI and GIS environments to interpret environmental states, providing an understanding of ongoing phenomena. The methodology used is based on the implementation of mathematical and AI algorithms, integrated into a GIS environment to address even large-scale environmental issues, improving the spatial and temporal precision of the analyses and allowing the customization of monitoring programs in urban and peri-urban environments based on territorial characteristics. The results of the application of the methodology show the percentages of the different types of waste found in the agroecosystems of the study area and the degree of concentration, allowing the identification of similar areas with greater criticality. Subsequently, through network and nearest neighbour analysis, it is possible to start targeted checks.

Psycho-social conditions of urban communities in the complexity of waste management: Are awareness and waste banks the main solution?

Waste management in urban areas is a critical issue in developing countries. As an environmental awareness emergency country, Indonesia faces significant waste production, particularly in its third-largest metropolis, Bandung. With the majority of its population utilizing cell phones or computers, the city has generated approximately 1500 tons of waste per day in 2022. Even though Bandung is one of the big cities in Indonesia, a staggering 54.7% of the total waste finds its way to landfills, exerting adverse impacts on the economic, social, and public health sectors. The government has pursued remedies through initiatives such as waste banks, collection services, and public education through social media. However, when delving into the intricacies of waste management, the psycho-social conditions of the community should be considered, which are often characterized by an ethos of tireless work, colloquially referred to as “crazy to work” or “hustle culture.” Consequently, waste, including its associated health risks, may be perceived as a marginal concern.This research assessed public environmental awareness and the willingness to contribute to diverse waste management endeavors financially. Such endeavors may be in household waste collection or the establishment of government-operated facilities, such as waste banks and waste collection services within the psycho-social conditions of urban communities. By employing a quantitative approach, the study surveyed 74 heads of urban households in Bandung using convenience sampling techniques and analyzed the data using SPSS tools to address the formulated hypotheses. Results demonstrate the effect of household waste management practices on the environmental awareness of urban communities. Nevertheless, the influence of waste management services, the perspectives of waste bank management, or concerns about infectious waste–related diseases on the environmental awareness of urban communities are generally not substantiated. However, the latter two aspects exert an influence on the community's inclination to support waste collection services financially. In sum, this study suggests that cultural and knowledge factors in Bandung may impede progress in the environmental sector. Therefore, recommendations encompass stringent environmental policies and laws, technological integration, and subsidies for waste reduction efforts in Indonesia's urban waste management practices.

Towards Sustainable Urban Solid Waste Management: A Comparative Analysis and Recommendations for India's Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0

This research paper aims to address the pressing challenges posed by ineffective solid waste management in urban areas, with a specific focus on India's Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0. The study assesses existing waste management strategies, compares different approaches, and identifies successful practices to restore environmental balance. By evaluating various waste management methods, technologies, and policies, the research project seeks to provide insights and recommendations for improving waste management practices in urban areas. The significance of this study lies in its potential to foster sustainable waste management practices that promote environmental preservation, mitigate climate change, protect public health, and contribute to a more liveable urban environment. Through exploring innovative technologies, waste reduction strategies, recycling initiatives, and community engagement, this research project aims to pave the way for more effective waste management practices, fostering a transition towards a circular economy and a healthier, more sustainable future for urban areas.

Strengthening Environmentally Friendly Behavior Through Waste Sorting and Recycling Programs Increasing Value Added Healthy Islamic Boarding Schools and Zero Waste

Applying the zero-waste concept is needed so that waste management in urban areas is not only more environmentally friendly. It's no longer just a trend, but this zero-waste has developed into a norm among the millennial generation in Indonesia. This service aims to strengthen environmentally friendly behaviour through sorting organic and inorganic waste and training in recycling inorganic waste into valuable products. The method used Participatory Action Research (PAR). This service found that students at PPAI An-Nahdliyah responded positively to environmentally friendly behaviour by sorting waste and received high creativity in recycling plastic bottle waste into valuable products, such as flower bouquets, pencil cases, etc. However, the sustainability of this program still needs to be improved. Therefore, this service recommends continuously improving students' resources to behave environmentally friendly and utilize their waste through reduction, reuse or recycling so that a zero-waste lifestyle is formed and supervision between each PPAI An-Nahdliyah student.

Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment of Household Food Waste Management in Urban Areas

Background: Food waste is a severe problem, and Indonesia is the world’s second-largest producer of food waste. A limited waste management system will decrease environmental quality, such as air, water, and soil pollution. So far, the waste management system is limited to reducing waste generation. The life cycle assessment is a method to analyze environmental aspects or environmental impacts at all stages in a resource’s life cycle, from the initial process of raw materials to disposal. This study aims to analyze the environmental impact and provide waste management policies to obtain sustainable household waste management and environmental sustainability. Methods: The study design used in this research is cross-sectional by conducting direct observations and interviews at the Waste Bank. Interviews were conducted to identify more in-depth findings about waste management problems and the characteristics of respondents and waste characteristics. Observations were made to calculate waste generation that refers to Indonesian national standard methods of sample collection and measurement of urban waste generation and composition (SNI 19-3694-1994.) The sampling technique was carried out by the total sampling method, resulting in 100 households. Results: The research results with organic waste processing with the black soldier fly method. This method impacts global warming, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone depletion. Of the four elements that produce the most negligible impact is the impact of global warming of 0.281 kg CO2 eq compared to the other effects. Conclusion: BSF processing can reduce environmental impacts, especially global warming. Meanwhile, education affects people’s behavior in generating food waste; therefore, there are policy recommendations for Waste Bank stakeholders in processing food waste.

Advancing the Application of a Multidimensional Sustainable Urban Waste Management Model in a Circular Economy in Mexico City

The increase in global municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, with a significant portion being improperly managed, has resulted in detrimental socio-ecological effects. This paper addresses the challenge of implementing effective waste management practices for achieving sustainability, particularly in urban areas where the majority of global waste is generated. It emphasizes the need for a multidimensional, multiscale, and long-term approach that surpasses local solutions and linear strategies. The approach recognizes the broader impacts of waste management beyond city boundaries and promotes circularity by incorporating waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and proper disposal practices. Through an analysis of the literature on waste from 1992 to 2022, this paper aims to identify the key concepts, propose solutions, and explore sustainable waste management scenarios. This paper introduces the m-SWM4Cities model for sustainable waste management in urban areas, highlighting its methodology and application in Mexico City (mD-SWM4CDMX). The models presented in this paper incorporate essential elements and interactions, providing a comprehensive understanding of the transition to sustainable waste management. The findings highlight the importance of monitoring waste management indicators and offer insights into the waste system of Mexico City. The m-SWM4Cities model can be adapted to address specific city contexts and thus serves as a valuable tool for assessing and improving waste management practices.

Transitioning towards a sustainable circular city: How to evaluate and improve urban solid waste management in Brazil.

A circular city (CC) promotes circular economy (CE) principles. Efficient urban solid waste management (USWM) strategies are essential for promoting a CE at the municipal level. New tools are needed to evaluate waste management (WM) and increase the reuse and recycling of materials to accelerate the transition towards a CC. These tools could assist decision and policymakers in adopting, implementing, and monitoring circular practices. This study proposes creating an index (USWM-index) to evaluate WM in urban areas and discuss how it could be better managed in future sustainable circular cities in Brazil. The index allows city managers to integratively and sustainably assess their USWM. Decision-makers can also use the index to set goals and objectives for recycling and reusing generated waste in cities. The index comprises 19 indicators and 51 sub-indicators. These elements were divided into five groups: Operational, Environmental, Political-economic, Educational, and Social. Cities can assess their performance in each group by using the USWM-index. The index was applied to four Brazilian cities. All cities had their USWM classified as average, and they did not have initiatives to transition to sustainable circular cities regarding WM. This study presents guidelines for transitioning from a linear city to a sustainable circular city in terms of WM.

Use of fermented spent coffee grounds as a substrate supplement for rearing black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (L), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae).

Spent coffee grounds (SCG), an increasingly abundant waste product with environmental disposal problems, has been used as a dietary supplement for many animals and have the potential to be used as a dietary supplement for black soldier fly (BSF) larvae; however, its effective use is still under scrutiny. To date, no studies have considered the use of SCG after microbial fermentation (fSCG) and its effects on BSF life history. A mixture of fruit and vegetable pulp residue supplemented with one of six different fSCG percentages (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% by weight) were provided as a diet substrate in order to evaluate the effect of the fSCG quantity on BSF growth, yield, and conversion ability. The addition of fSCG to the pulp diet prolonged larval development times, while 100% fSCG affected the larval survival rate and resulted in a male-biased adult sex ratio. The 20-40% fSCG and 40-60% fSCG treatments supported the largest prepupal and mature larval sizes, respectively. The highest waste reduction efficiency and feed conversion rate by BSF larvae was found with 20% fSCG, similar to the control (0% fSCG). From the short rearing time, high yield, and high bioconversion efficiency, a 20% fSCG supplementation of the mixed pulp was recommended for rearing BSF larvae. These data are valuable for coffee by-product waste management in urban areas.

Site Suitability Analysis for Landfill in an Industrial Area in Nigeria

This study was set against the background of identifying management strategies to combat the menace associated with poor solid waste management in urban areas of Nigeria. Therefore, it becomes highly necessary to determine suitable sites for landfill. Using remote sensing and geographic information tools and technologies the study identified the scenes of present dump sites; evaluated the conditions for selecting landfill sites; and determined suitable landfills in Ajaokuta, Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from Sentinel-2A, 2021. Integrated GIS-based analysis using multi-criteria evaluation method was employed to scrutinise the appropriateness of the existing dumpsites for siting landfills. However, with reference to Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) guidelines, results of buffering and proximity analyses indicated that none of the existing dumpsites could be converted to landfill sites. Moreover, a fuzzy overlay of all the criteria considered was employed to identify and propose the most suitable areas for solid waste disposal sites in the study area. Based on the official stipulated distance, new sites were proposed for landfills. The study emphasised the increasing mounds and improper disposal of municipal solid wastes in Nigerian urban centres which have become too agonising and repulsive to sights. Nevertheless, if the recommendations of this study are taken with utmost seriousness, any unexpected outbreak of epidemic and environmental pollution will be greatly avoided in the study area.

Integrated Waste Management System as a Sustainable Option for Managing Plastic Waste in Ghana: The Case of Madina-La Nkantanan Municipality

This study elucidates the current state of plastic waste management in urban areas of Ghana, with a particular focus on Madina-La Nkwntanan municipality. As a result of the current uncontrollable plastic waste challenge, the Government of Ghana, is seeking sustainable approaches to reduce th effect of plastic waste in the country. A number of arrangements, including various forms of privatization, tax regimes and public-private partnership have already been initiated as first step solutions to the challenge, yet management of plastic waste, has not been encouraging. Using a case study from one municipality in Ghana, this paper shows that domestic plastic wastes forms the second most generated wastes in the study area. The results show that the practice of separation at source, which is the first step toward dealing with plastic waste, was uncommon in the study area, although pockets of houses in the municipality and other places in the country practiced it. This article proposes the integrated waste management (IWM) concept, as one of the possible sustainable options that could help tackle the plastic waste issue in municipality. This is in view of the sustainable nature of the concept as well as its integrative way of dealing with waste. This reality has been confirmed by other authors in several countries.

SITE SELECTION FOR REGIONAL SOLID WASTE FINAL DISPOSAL IN BANGKA ISLAND BASED ON GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

The availability of an adequate final disposal a necessity for an area. The waste processing process consists of the stages of transportation, management, final disposal to waste utilization. Waste management in urban areas requires a final disposal that must meet environmental feasibility standards. Problems encountered in the current waste management at the capital city of Bangka Belitung Province, final disposal Parit 6 was already overloaded and still uses the Open Dumping method, and there are limitations in the availability of urban land. The purpose of this study was to selection for the regional solid waste final disposal (RSWFD) in accordance with the characteristics of the local location and the directions in the Spatial Plans of the Province of Bangka Belitung. The method used is a quantitative analysis method by calculating the need for the land area of the waste landfill based on population projections and waste generation. And the model used by the Geography Information System (GIS) in the form of ArcGIS 10.5 is overlaid using parameters based on (SNI 03- 3241-1994). The final result of the research is a recommendation for a RSWFD location for Bangka Island in accordance with the needs, feasibility and availability of existing land.

Solid Waste Management Practices in Ghana: Challenges and Prospects

World Bank report revealed that waste generation has been on the ascendancy, the worlds’ cities generated 2.01 billion tons of solid waste in the year 2016. This figure is expected to reach 3.40 billion tons per year by 2050 due to increasing urbanization – a growth of 70%. Proper management of these has become a challenge for most developing countries in recent years. The path of urbanization, population growth and affluence is associated with the challenge of proper waste management in urban areas of developing countries since the higher the income level and rate of urbanization, the greater the solid waste generated.
 Unfortunately, sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana only focuses on waste collection instead of waste management. Waste management comprises all activities and actions needed to manage waste from inception to the final disposal. These activities and actions include collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste as well as monitoring and regulation. Also, Sanitary landfilling is among the best methods of decreasing the volume of waste products; however, the lack of suitable land for landfill sites is a key issue. Therefore, the lifespan of a landfill site can be prolonged when waste reduction at the source is well considered as an aspect of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management.
 Solid waste management in Ghana has been faced with several challenges which includes; poor attitude of the general populace towards waste disposal sanitation, unplanned human settlement especially in the urban centers, poor planning of waste management programmes, low or no public education on the good sanitation, inadequate waste infrastructure, lack of political will in enforcing sanitation bye laws, inadequate operational funds and equipment to support waste management activities among others. Also, there is lack of reliable national data on waste generation and composition to inform effective planning on waste management in Ghana
 Developing countries such as Ghana has to adopt measures that will be sustainable, efficient, cost effective and environmentally friendly to help in proper waste management and achievement of the Sustainable Development Goal 3, 6, and 11 by 2030.

Environmental and economic assessment of sustainable municipal solid waste management strategies in Iran

Waste management in urban areas has always been a major concern for municipalities. The gigantic population growth results in massive waste production, leading to a worrying rise in the level of greenhouse gas emissions, a major global issue. The most common techniques for energy recovery from waste are WTE and landfill gas plants. In this research, four different waste management scenarios have been investigated, and the emitted GHGs are analysed using the IPCC guideline for municipal solid waste (MSW) in Tehran. Furthermore, the total cost of each scenario is calculated. Also, effect of various parameters, such as plant usage, methane recovery factor, and MSW heating value, on the emissions is evaluated. The results depict that among all the investigated alternatives, scenario 3 (in which 50 % of the waste was burned in WTE plant, 30 % landfilled, and 20 % recycled) has the least GHG emissions in the target region. For a more thorough analysis, a cost comparison between the scenarios was performed, indicating that landfilling with recovery is the most economical option. Focusing on various technical, economic, and environmental aspects of waste management, this paper provides a comprehensive framework for a combined plan of action in the waste management sector of Iran.

Pemodelan Pemilihan Lokasi Pembuangan Sampah Akhir pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Yogyakarta

Population growth rate and urban lifestyle have an impact on increasing the volume of waste. The problem is related to the concept of Municipal Waste Collection (MWC) for waste management. Waste management considers transportation and distribution from the Temporary Disposal Site (TPS) to the location of the Final Disposal Site (TPA). Routing and allocation for waste disposal in the urban area gave a big concern for the society. This study will raise the issue of allocation, distribution and transportation to support overall waste management in urban areas. This study will use Integer Linear Programming approach for modeling the selection of the final location of TPA by considering the distance from each TPS to the TPA. This study also considers the conversion value of the weight of municipal solid waste in Yogyakarta City. In the practice, Yogyakarta City has 1 TPA with 73 TPS. Authors generate 1 new TPA as an alternative. This study will give an alternative allocation, distribution and transportation from each TPS which optimized the capacity of TPA.

Municipal solid waste management in South Africa: from waste to energy recovery through waste-to-energy technologies in Johannesburg

ABSTRACT“Waste-to-energy” (WTE) technologies have been presented as one of the avenues to improve the management of solid waste whilst promoting clean and healthy urban environments through the recovery of waste and generation of energy. Research suggests that with the right investment in technologies and institutional changes, waste can potentially become a resource that can contribute to the socio-economic development of cities. It is in this context that this paper presents a review of the literature on WTE technologies and their implications on sustainable waste management in urban areas. The paper particularly contributes to our understanding of WTE technologies and its potential on Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is estimated that the city of Johannesburg’s landfills airspace will be completely depleted by year 2023. This projection becomes a motivation for the identification of suitable WTE alternative avenues to manage waste in the city. The paper argues that WTE technologies can contribute significantly to sustainable waste management, economic growth, ecological and environmental well-being.

Responsibility of Local Government Against Sea Pollution, Plastic Waste In Sea Waters, Sorong City

This study aims to determine the impacts arising from the handling of waste (waste plastic) which is not effective in urban areas. Waste in urban areas that are not handled properly will be wasted into rivers and ends at sea. Increasing the amount of plastic waste in the marine waters of Sorong City can cause disruption to the convenience of sea users, especially for fishermen and tourists who aim to Raja Ampat regency. The wider impact due to increased waste of plastics in the marine waters of Sorong City is able to threaten the marine ecology. Pollution of marine waters of Sorong City is the responsibility of local government that is local government of Sorong City. Efforts to overcome the pollution can be done by streamlining waste management in urban areas by socializing the use of government-provided waste containers provided by local government with color variations to distinguish types of organic waste and non-organic waste and wet garbage. Adjustment needs to be made between the number of residents with the availability of waste disposal facilities and including the janitor so that the waste can be handled up to the landfill (Final Disposal Place).

Trajectory-Assisted Municipal Agent Mobility: A Sensor-Driven Smart Waste Management System

Ubiquity, heterogeneity and dense deployment of sensors have yielded the Internet of Things (IoT) concept, which is an integral component of various smart spaces including smart cities. Applications and services in a smart city ecosystem aim at minimizing the cost and maximizing the quality of living. Among these services, waste management is a unique service that covers both aspects. To this end, in this paper, we propose a WSN-driven system for smart waste management in urban areas. In our proposed framework, the waste bins are equipped with sensors that continuously monitor the waste level and trigger alarms that are wirelessly communicated to a cloud platform to actuate the municipal agents, i.e., waste collection trucks. We formulate an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to find the best set of trajectory-truck with the objectives of minimum cost or minimum delay. In order for the trajectory assistance to work in real time, we propose three heuristics, one of which is a greedy one. Through simulations, we show that the ILP formulation can provide a baseline reference to the heuristics, whereas the non-greedy heuristics can significantly outperform the greedy approach regarding cost and delay under moderate waste accumulation scenarios.

The influence of temperature on the formation of liquid fuel from Polypropylene plastic wastes

The current trend of municipal waste management in urban areas is caused by rapid changes in social, economic, political and cultural life. As a non-biodegradable polymers that have become essential materials, plastic wastes have created a very serious environmental challenge because of the huge quantities and their disposal problems. Recycling of plastics is seen as one method for reducing environmental and resource depletion. The most attractive technique of plastics recycling is pyrolysis involving the degradation of the polymeric materials by heating in the absence of oxygen. This study investigated the characteristics of pyrolysis liquid fuel (PLF) produced from polypropylene plastic wastes with temperature variations. Pyrolisis was carried out on 200 grams of polypropylene waste plastics at the operating temperature of 200°C, 250°C, 300 °C and 350 °C for 45 minutes. The liquid products were found to have carbon chain length in the range of C8-C9, similar with gasoline. The maximum density, volume and calorific value of the oil obtained were 0.8 g/cm3, 61 ml and 1307 cal/gr, respectively.

Decentralized Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas: A Review

Composting is the cheap and best method for disposal of organic Waste and Converts it in to valuable product. In latest world, stable waste management has grown to be one of the major problems in the course of the good environment. With the development of human civilization and the rapid increase of the population, the sources of waste are more than one and the garbage generated become more complicated, as a result the environment is becoming infected daily. To eliminate such type of dangerous environment and health risks solid waste have to be taken care of through order of several components and then they're handled one at a time available for the reused or recycled site. Mechanical composting process was used to recycle the solid waste and to get fertilizer as an end product. In this paper, many of successful decentralized composting units in Surat are analyzed and its end product as fertilizer analyzed and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK value obtained. Fertilizer could be used as soil conditioner and in gardening too.

Pendampingan Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Organik Skala Komunal Untuk Mendukung Implementasi Program Urban Farming

The waste management in urban areas should get treatment from various parties (communities, governments, and businesses) to prevent environmental damage increases. Waste management can be done in the management area of the Rukun Tetangga (RT) and Rukun Warga (RW) level, also the village level. The main problem for the current partner that doesn’t spread evenly of knowledge and the capabilities in utilizing waste into something that has economic valuable and the low level of public participation in the program launched by the government especially Kampung Berkebun programs that have been implemented at the level of Rukun Warga (RW). Community Service activity is done by providing assistance to communities to manage organic waste in the local environment (communal scale-Rukun Tetangga) program to support the Urban Farming to utilize all potentials and resources that have been owned and has not been utilized properly.