Waste Management In City Research Articles

Unravelling the Environmental Challenges: a State-of-the-Art Review of the Legal Framework of Solid Waste Management in Metropolitan Cities of India

Abstract This article provides insights into the challenges and current state of solid waste management in metropolitan cities of India. It emphasizes the importance of legal regulations in ensuring effective waste management to address environmental concerns. This research highlights the need for coordinated efforts among public authorities, adopting technologically advanced best practices globally, and incorporating Waste Hierarchy and Circular Economy concepts for efficient waste management. By addressing challenges like poor community engagement, understaffing, and political interference, the article underscores the significance of robust legal frameworks and strategic policies to mitigate environmental impacts and improve waste management practices in metropolitan cities. Recommendations include enhancing transparency in environmental information, establishing sustainable waste management systems, improving legislation, and promoting stakeholder engagement.

Integrated approach of waste analysis and life cycle assessment for the management of non-recyclable plastics in recycling shops

The unbound usage of plastic products in modern society has brought convenience and poses significant environmental challenges. Recycling Shops (RS) are vital in mitigating plastic waste problems in urban waste management. During the recycling process, RS generates non-recyclable plastics that demand scientific solutions for its management. This study conducted material flow analysis (MFA) to estimate the yearly recycled plastic waste in the RSs of Khulna City. Subsequently, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to explore the suitable management facilities for non-recyclable plastics. The results highlighted the contribution of the informal plastic recycling sector to the city's waste management system by recycling 6324 tons of plastic waste per year. Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) were the most abundant polymers among the recycling plastics in RS. The LCA results revealed that among the five considered cases, Open Burning showed the maximum impact on the environment while Sanitary Landfill exhibited the lowest environmental impact across eighteen impact categories. The sanitary landfilling of non-recyclable plastics was identified as an environmentally friendly approach for managing non-recyclable plastics. This study addressed the urgency for appropriately managing non-recyclable plastics to protect the human and environment from plastic pollution in Bangladesh including recommendations for improving current practices.

“Be ready to pay because others are paying”: contested solid waste management transitions and charges in Accra’s open-air markets

ABSTRACT Approaches to solid waste management (SWM) in African cities have gone through various phases. Each phase is shaped by a range of factors, including population growth, urbanisation, government policies and political willingness to invest in SWM infrastructure as well as SWM services. In the Ghanaian context, the latter factor is said to be subject to public perceptions of SWM as a welfare service and hence the reluctance of people to pay for SWM services even though “others” are paying. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate how approaches to SWM in Ghana have transitioned over time and its consequences on willingness to pay for SWM services in the Kaneshie, Madina and Kantamanto open-air markets in Accra. Based on the study findings and the vital role that open-air markets (OAMs) play in African cities, a system of standardising SWM fees is recommended for SWM service providers in both formal and informal sectors.

Analysis of Samarinda City Waste Generation and Management towards a Sustainable City

Samarinda City, as the capital of East Kalimantan, has experienced a significant increase in waste generation in line with population growth and economic activity. This gives rise to various environmental and public health problems. This case study aims to analyze waste generation in Samarinda City and evaluate the existing waste management system in Samarinda City. The research method used is a case study. The research location is Samarinda City, East Kalimantan. Data collection techniques include literature studies, visits to the Samarinda City Environmental Service for field observations, interviews with stakeholders. The data analysis technique used is SWOT Analysis. Waste management in Samarinda City needs to be improved to achieve a sustainable city. Educational efforts, community participation and the development of an integrated waste management system are the main keys in overcoming the waste problem in Samarinda City.

The evolving roles of actors in sustainability experiments: Evidence from community waste management in a Chinese city

Engaging and coordinating interconnected actors is critical to the success of sustainability experiments. However, a notable gap remains in understanding how multiple actors shape and influence the design and outcome of sustainability experiments in China. This article illustrates how a community waste management experiment emerges and develops from a fluid network of activities carried out by diverse actors in Qingdao city, China. We find that NGOs, the city government, industries, and various alliances across them play a critical role in accumulating resources, enhancing networks through fulfilling actors' interests, sustaining coordination, and creating strong long-term linkages, albeit with evolving roles and changing relative importance. While effective solutions need to be context specific, taking into account the geographical, cultural, policy and regulatory environment, our study epitomizes a possible pathway for transforming community waste management in Chinese cities facing common challenges in the backdrop of largely top-down governance and minimal public participation.

Waste Classification System using Smart Sensors

An innovative approach to revolutionize waste management through the integration of advanced sensor technology and intelligent algorithms is proposed. Effective waste segregation is crucial in addressing the current needs. The main objective is to develop an efficient waste segregation system using various sensors to segregate degradable, non-recyclable, bio-medical waste, and organic-waste. A MCU unit with various types of sensors is used for segregation. A DC motor with conveyor belt is used to transfer wastes to respective bins, while an I2C connector with an LCD display is used to indicate the types of waste and whether the bin is filled or not. This research holds the potential to significantly mitigate environmental degradation and contribute to building a cleaner and more sustainable future. Based on the system’s performance, it can be extended to automated smart city waste management, and the skimming of crude-oil from ocean water.

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Brazilian Cities According to the Updated Waste Management Condition Index –ICGRA

Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Brazilian Cities According to the Updated Waste Management Condition Index –ICGRA

Building Eco-Friendly Cities: Government-Community Collaboration In Shaping Sustainable Urban Waste Management

The development of eco-friendly cities necessitates collaboration between the government and communities in shaping sustainable urban waste management. The issue of waste presents a significant challenge in efforts to enhance environmental quality and public health in urban areas. Well-managed waste not only reduces negative environmental impacts but also creates new economic opportunities. In this context, this research employs a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observation techniques to examine waste management in Ambon City. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants from the Ambon City Environmental and Waste Management Agency, while document studies were utilized to analyze information related to waste issues in the city. The findings indicate that collaboration between the government and communities is crucial for achieving success in waste management. Ambon City and its residents require joint efforts to address waste issues, particularly due to the low level of public awareness regarding government efforts in waste management. Increased community participation and full government support are necessary to achieve clean, healthy, and sustainable urban environments.

IOT BASED SMART DUSTBIN AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Dustbins are used for disposing the waste. When it gets overflowed, people throw the waste outside the dustbin until the garbage collector clears the dustbin.It makes the place surrounded by mosquitoes, bugs etc., and mainly affects the environment and creates several unhygienic problems. To overcome this problem, we have proposed a system called “Smart City Waste Management System using IOT’ to manage the waste. The sensors are placed on the top of normal garbage bins to measure the amount of trash and find the formation of any toxic gases. These measures make the sensors send the notifications in form of messages to waste management board. Keywords: Internet Of Things (IOT), Automatic Dustbin, Sensor Networks, Wireless Communication.

SiSMA‐SWMS: Signature‐based Secure Monitoring Approach for Smart Waste Monitoring Systems

AbstractWith the speedy growth of the populace, corresponding waste also grows, notably raising greater concern about the monitoring of waste in urban areas. Although the traditional method of waste monitoring has benefited city waste management systems, it remains time‐consuming, inefficient, and detrimental to public health. This situation can be improved by integrating advanced technologies, which can significantly enhance the flexibility and performance of waste monitoring systems. However, these advanced technologies encounter numerous security challenges. In this article, we have implemented a signature‐based monitoring approach to oversee the status of smart bins. To ensure the security, robustness, and reliability of the introduced protocol, we utilized tools such as AVISPA, Scyther, the ROR model, and Mao and Boyd logic. As discussed in the informal security analysis, the introduced protocol successfully fulfills the security requirements for smart waste monitoring systems. Finally, an in‐depth comparative analysis of the related works and the introduced protocol shows that the latter provides greater security, reliability, and efficiency. As a result, the reliability and hardness of the cryptographic operations used in the introduced protocol make it secure enough to use in real‐world applications.

AI-driven innovations in automation and urban management

This paper examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across diverse sectors, particularly focusing on industrial automation, smart homes, and intelligent cities. It delves into how AI-driven technologies enhance predictive maintenance, quality control, and supply chain optimization in industrial settings, contribute to energy management, security enhancement, and health monitoring in smart homes, and improve traffic management, waste management, and public safety in intelligent cities. Through detailed analyses and quantitative assessments, the study showcases the efficiency gains, cost reductions, and quality of life improvements facilitated by AI integration. It highlights the pivotal role of AI in addressing contemporary challenges and setting new standards for operational excellence, sustainability, and safety.

Garbage Collection Android Application

Abstract: The "Android Garbage Collection Application" stands as an innovative solution tailored for Android devices, with the objective of revolutionizing waste management in smart cities. Conventional waste collection methods frequently result in missed pickups, litter accumulation, and potential public health risks. This project harnesses seamless integration with Firebase to create a user-friendly Android app. It provides real-time notifications to residents as garbage collection trucks approach their locations. A central feature of this app is its live tracking system, enabling users to monitor the precise location of the garbage truck in real-time. Additionally, it offers estimated arrival times, effectively reducing waiting times for residents and optimizing the waste collection process. What truly sets this application apart is its focus on community engagement. By actively involving residents in the waste management process, it encourages shared responsibility and cooperation among city dwellers, fostering a cleaner environment and ensuring timely and efficient waste collection. Furthermore, this project serves as a testament to the transformative power of modern technology in enhancing traditional municipal services. It exemplifies how integrating cuttingedge technology can effectively address longstanding challenges and enhance the quality of life for residents in smart cities. The scalability and adaptability of this application make it a valuable asset for optimizing waste management in various urban settings. Its data analytics capabilities provide city officials with valuable insights, enabling more informed decision-making and a proactive approach to waste management

Growing crisis of urban rat infestation in Karaj city, Iran: Insights from hotspot mapping and social network analysis

To control the increasing growth of rat populations in metropolitan areas, several factors need to be considered to mitigate the risks posed by rats. Identifying rat density hotspots with more efficient methods and assessing people's experiences and attitudes toward them can be useful in prioritizing rat control efforts. We focused on the two most common species of rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) in the metropolis of Karaj, the fourth most populous and the largest immigrant-friendly city in Iran. The urban rat infestation is one of the problems caused by the high population growth in Karaj and the insufficient development of urban infrastructure and waste collection. It has led to discontent and public concern about rat infestations and there is a need to address the associated threats. We applied the Kernel Density Function and Optimized Hotspot Analysis to the presence points of the aforementioned types of rats and found that while Optimized Hotspot projects a macro view of hotspots at the city level, the Kernel Density Function prioritizes neighborhoods for initial actions. In addition, social network analysis with complementary regression models was conducted to determine people's experiences. The results show that fear of rats and concern about their presence form the basis of people's attitudes toward rats and lead to feelings of hatred. Moreover, economic harm reinforces people's motivation to control or eliminate this species. Despite their unpleasant feelings toward rats, people have a great influence on the growth of rat infestations by creating food sources through improper waste disposal. They prefer to use traps and poison instead of disposing of household waste and following the principles of cleanliness as preventive measures and believe that the lack of proper garbage collection by the municipality is the most important reason for the growth of rat populations. They are not sufficiently aware of their position in addressing this crisis. Our findings argue for the formation of a stronger network between the relevant authorities and residents, especially those living in the hotspots, to educate them about their role in rat control and to gain their cooperation in improving the city's waste management system.

GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY FROM WASTE PAPERS AND PLASTIC

A waste-to-energy plant effectively addresses the dual challenges of waste management and energy production by converting waste materials, such as plastics and paper, into electricity. This project particularly targets the issue of waste management in Nigerian cities, where waste plastics pose significant environmental and health risks. Through the incineration of these materials, not only is waste volume drastically reduced by approximately 80-95%, but the process also generates a considerable amount of electricity. Employing a “Zaar box” for combustion, the heat generated converts water into steam, driving a turbine to produce electricity. This electricity is then stored in batteries for various uses, such as lighting bulbs, showcasing a live demonstration of energy production from waste. The study supports its viability with a detailed analysis of the energy potential of waste plastics, suggesting significant contributions to Nigeria’s energy supply and offering a sustainable solution to both waste surplus and power shortages The waste-to-energy project in Raj Shahi City utilizes everyday waste materials, such as plastics and paper, to generate electricity. The city produces approximately 3083 kg of waste daily, which is incinerated to produce around 12 MW of power, effectively reducing the frequency of load shedding in the area. This method not only provides a reliable source of energy but also significantly diminishes the volume of waste, reducing the need for landfill space by 80-95%. Keywords: 1)Waste materials, 2)Generate Electricity, 3)Heating penal, 3)Zaar box, 4)Bulb glowing.

Portrait of Environmental Governance in Waste Management in Malang City

The government has set the main national targets for waste management, namely 30% waste reduction and 70% waste handling by 2025. However, waste generation in Malang City continues to increase yearly and is included in the high category in East Java. This study aims to analyze waste management in Malang City from an environmental governance perspective. The environmental governance perspective can be analyzed using Belbase's theory with seven indicators of good environmental governance, namely 1. the rule of law, 2. participation and representation, 3. access to information, 4. transparency and accountability, 5 decentralization, 6. institutions and institutions, 7. access to justice. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation, and literature study. The data analysis used in this study is the interactive model analysis of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The portrait of environmental governance in Malang City waste management must fully reflect the principles of good environmental governance. This is because there are still records in the indicators of the rule of law, participation, and representation, as well as institutions and institutions. Constraints faced in waste management in Malang City include needing to be fully implemented, not yet maximal public awareness in reducing and sorting household waste, as well as institutions and institutions that could be more optimal in waste management.

Study of The Application of Construction Waste Management Strategies in The City of Baghdad

This study investigates the effectiveness of construction waste management strategies employed by the Baghdad Municipality Department, with a focus on the spatial distribution of waste treatment facilities. Employing ArcMap 10.8, a geospatial analysis was conducted to evaluate the distribution and accessibility of these facilities within the city. Data on waste treatment site locations were gathered through interviews and Google Earth, and subsequently analyzed using network analysis in ArcMap. The findings reveal a significant deficiency in Baghdad's construction waste management system, predominantly relying on recycling and disposal, while neglecting other crucial strategies like reduction, treatment, and recovery. This insufficiency is further exacerbated by the limited number and uneven distribution of treatment plants, leading to indiscriminate waste accumulation and economic losses. The study suggests the urgent need for comprehensive government regulations on waste management, including waste sorting, transportation, and penalties for non-compliance. Additionally, it recommends expanding and evenly distributing waste treatment facilities across Baghdad to optimize waste management efficiency. This study not only highlights the critical gaps in Baghdad's waste management system but also offers a methodological framework for other cities facing similar challenges, emphasizing the role of geospatial analysis in enhancing urban waste management strategies. Highlights : The study identifies major deficiencies in Baghdad's construction waste management, primarily in recycling and disposal practices. Geospatial analysis using ArcMap 10.8 reveals the need for more evenly distributed waste treatment facilities in the city. Recommendations include implementing stringent government regulations and expanding the city's waste management infrastructure. Keywords : Baghdad, Construction Waste Management, Geospatial Analysis, ArcMap, Waste Treatment Facilities

Solid Waste Challenges and Management in a Traditional Sahelian City: A Case Study of Sokoto, Nigeria

This study assessed the solid waste generation, management, and consequences in the traditional city of Sokoto. The utmost challenges facing this Sahel region include scarcity of modernized and control measures of waste resulting from daily hectic impacts on the community. In this city, solid waste is characterized by inefficient control, insufficient coverage of collection system and improper disposal methods. The increasing population of residents has accelerated more pollution of all categories, and the consequence is a dearth of hygienic standards. This work further sampled different materials from heaps of waste such as; the level of sub-soils at 0-30 cm (at random) from each of the dump sites to determine the extent of heavy metal concentrations and for fertility supplement in comparison with the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Fifty structural questionnaires were administered randomly to selected residents around dumping sites and the staff of Sokoto Waste Management &Planning Board to solicit relevant information that can assist the governments, stakeholders, and waste control agencies. Also, Landsat data was utilized to map out the waste sites for spatio-temporal analysis. Results indicated that 89% of respondents agreed that Sokoto metropolis is characterized by untidiness with masquerades of biodegradable wastes, while major streets especially in the congested areas which displayed a lot of drains and channels remain blocked.

Investigating the solid waste recycling management

Abstract 
 Objective: Garbage is waste solid materials that are left over from the use of people and production and service institutions and are unusable. These seemingly inefficient sources are the most important urban pollutant in different amounts and in liquid and solid form and cause harm. and the citizens' interest, but in the case of optimal management and use of these valuable resources as raw materials in addition to protecting the environment, reducing the level of pollution, reducing the amount of diseases and deaths, it can be considered the best driver of production activities, recycling management Household solid waste in Kabul city is handled according to municipal standards and regulations (collection, transfer, burial and reuse), which is the main goal of this research to investigate the effects of household solid waste management and recycling in Kabul city.
 Method and tools: Since the nature of this research is descriptive-applicative, in order to collect information from two sources, the library and a questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale from 384 citizens of the 15th district of Kabul city were randomly sampled and analyzed using spss software. First, the confidence level of the questionnaire of both variables was determined by Cronbach's alpha method with the output coefficient (waste management 0.86 and recycling rate 0.82) and then its correlation intensity was determined by the Pearson method and also to predict the dependent variable from the linear regression function of the information received and investigated. And the dispute has been placed.
 Finding: Pearson's correlation analysis with 95% confidence level of the number placement (p=0.004, N=384, R=0.86) with a coefficient of determination of 0.73 and a statistical value (t) of 4.76, which is greater than the critical value of table t 2.3, shows the relationship There is a strong positive among the variables and it states that the increase in the amount of recycling and the decrease in the consumption of family solid waste depends on the improvement of waste management, in the same way, the beta coefficient of 0.59 and t=7.31>1.96 and sig<0.05 of linear regression were obtained. It shows that improving family solid waste management will reduce the amount of waste consumption and recycling by 59%, also the extracted information shows that about 97% of household waste is bought and collected by informal garbage collectors.

Solving hospital waste management problem in a developing country – a case of Varanasi city in India

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to solve the problem of healthcare waste management in developing countries. The buildup of medical waste has attracted the attention of all spheres of society due to the expanding population and developing economy. Timely collection and processing of medical waste are extremely important due to its potential hazards. Although the problem of planning medical waste management has been addressed in developed countries, it persists in several developing countries. This research is motivated by an example of a city in India characterized by a dense population, abundant health-care facilities and a lack of planning for managing large medical waste generated daily.Design/methodology/approachThe authors address the problem of designing the network of collection and processing facilities for medical waste and optimizing the vehicle route that collects and transfers the waste between facilities. Due to distinct topographic restrictions in the considered city, the collection and transfer process needs to be conducted in two echelons – from hospitals to collection centers using smaller vehicles and then to the processing facilities using trucks. This work addresses these two problems as a two-echelon location-routing problem.FindingsA mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize the cost of opening the facilities and transporting medical waste. Several managerial insights are drawn up to assist planners and decision-makers.Originality/valueThis study follows a case study approach to provide a descriptive and prescriptive approach to hospital waste management in the ancient city of Varanasi. The city has witnessed unplanned growth over the years and is densely populated. The health-care facilities in the city have a large catchment area and attract patients from neighboring districts. The situation analysis based on secondary data and unstructured interviews of the stakeholders suggests that the ad hoc approach prevails in present hospital waste management in the city.

Turning Trash to Treasure: Unlocking Revenue and Clean Air from Kolkata's Dhapa Dumpsite

Solid waste generation has become a pressing environmental issue in India, exacerbated by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population growth. Kolkata, as one of India's most populous cities, faces significant challenges in managing its solid waste effectively. This paper explores the state of solid waste generation in Kolkata, focusing on the Dhapa dumpsite, and proposes solutions to generate revenue from waste management activities. Kolkata generates approximately 4,500 metric tonnes of solid waste daily, comprising various types such as organic, plastic, paper, glass, and electronic waste. The city's waste management infrastructure struggles to cope with the escalating volume and complexity of waste generated. Legacy waste, accumulated over decades at sites like Dhapa landfill, poses additional challenges, including environmental degradation and health risks. Discussions on the efforts to address legacy waste through biomining and bioremediation techniques have been discussed. Landfill gas (LFG) extraction and utilization as well as possible opportunities for converting waste into energy, is also discussed. The economic feasibility of waste management initiatives at Dhapa depends on factors such as technological innovation, political will, and revenue generation from recovered materials. Public-private partnerships and incentivizing private sector involvement can enhance efficiency and innovation in waste management. Finally, addressing the economic dimensions of waste management in Kolkata requires a holistic approach integrating technological innovation, policy reform, and stakeholder engagement. By aligning economic incentives with environmental objectives, Kolkata can create a sustainable and prosperous future where waste is treated as a valuable resource.