Waste Glass In Concrete Research Articles

Comparative LCA-MCDA of high-strength eco-pervious concrete by using recycled waste glass materials

Sustainable management of construction and demolition (C&D) waste and waste glass (WG) presents a significant challenge in densely populated regions like Hong Kong. While the potential for using WG in concrete is acknowledged, there is limited research on how to optimally use these materials to achieve sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and mechanical integrity. This study addresses these challenges by employing an integrated life cycle assessment and multi-criteria decision analysis (LCA-MCDA) within a cradle-to-gate scope, utilizing site-specific data. The VIKOR method, known for its robust decision-making capabilities in complex environmental assessments, was used to identify optimal concrete mixtures based on environmental, economic, and mechanical performance. The results indicate that replacing 25% of natural aggregate with recycled WG materials provides the best balance across the evaluated criteria. Furthermore, additional environmental benefits can be achieved by substituting natural aggregates with recycled waste concrete aggregates. This research underscores the importance of life cycle thinking in construction materials decision-making, demonstrating that significant use of recycled WG reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete.

Study on the possibility to use waste glass in concrete

Million tons of waste glass are produced worldwide every year, which creates waste that does not dissolve in the soil and does not decompose in the environment. The composition of glass contains silicon oxide, so it is fully justified to use it as a building material. It is possible to contribute to the development of environmentally friendly, energy efficient and green technologies by finely grinding glass waste and using i in concrete as a partial replacement of cement weight.
 In this study, mix the grade B25 concrete with PC 42.5 Portland cement, colorless and colored waste glass powder, fine and large aggregate were used. This research deals with studying the effect of adding waste glass powder (5-25%) to cement mortar on mechanical properties of concrete. The chemical composition of colorless and colored was determined using the XRF analysis method. A set of tests, including unconfined compressive strength tests, were conducted on samples prepared at curing times of 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 and 180 days.
 The results showed that cement replacement for waste glass up to 20% produced lower compressive strength than that of the control sample at 28 days. But also, it will be increase after 90 days. The micro-silica in the glass product reacts secondary to the calcium oxide hydro silicate compound formed from the cement hydration process to form calcium hydro silicate. Main hydroxyl ions and alkali ions penetrate the surface of micro silica, reducing the amount of free water and increasing the strength of concrete.
 Хаягдал шилийг бетонд ашиглах боломжийн судалгаа
 Хураангуй: Дэлхийн хэмжээнд жил бүр хэдэн сая тонн шилний хаягдал гарч байгаа бөгөөд энэ нь газрын хөрсөнд уусаж шингэдэггүй, байгаль орчинд задардаггүй хог хаягдлыг үүсгэдэг байна. Шилний найрлагад цахиурын исэл агуулагдсан байдаг тул түүнийг барилгын материалд ашиглах бүрэн үндэслэлтэй. Шилний хаягдлыг нарийн нунтаглаж, цементийн жингийн тодорхой хувьд орлуулан бетонд ашигласнаар байгаль орчинд ээлтэй, эрчим хүчний хэмнэлттэй, ногоон технологийн хөгжилд хувь нэмэр оруулах боломжтой юм. Судалгааны ажилд МАК-ийн портландцемент (ОРС), цементийн жингийн тодорхой хувьд орлуулах зорилгоор өнгөгүй болон өнгөтэй хаягдал шилний нунтаг, том дүүргэгчээр Орхон аймаг дахь “Дэлт хошуу” ордоос ОТК ХХК-ний үйлдвэрлэсэн 5-10, 10-20мм-ийн ширхэглэлтэй буталсан дайрга, нарийн дүүргэгчээр Дархан “Салхит”-ийн карьерийн /0-5мм/ элсийг сонгон авч В25 ангийн бетон зуурч, бетон сорьцын шахалтын бат бэхийг туршсан болно. Өнгөгүй ба өнгөтэй шилний химийн найрлагыг ХRF анализын аргыг ашиглан тодорхойлов. Туршилтын дүнд цементийн жингийн 20% хүртэл нунтаг шилийг орлуулахад хяналтын бетон сорьцтой харьцуулахад удаан бэхжилттэй болох нь батлагдав. Тухайлбал: 90 хоногийн дараагаас эхлэн 20% хүртэлх бүх найрлагын шахалтын бат бэхийн утга нь төслийн утгадаа хүрэх ба 180 хоног дээр 20% шил агуулсан бетон сорьцын бат бэх бэх 57.5 МПа-д хүрч байна. Шилний найрлага дахь микро цахиурын исэл нь цементийн зуурмагийн гидратацийн процессийн дүнд үүсч байгаа кальцийн ислийн гидраттай харилцан үйлчлэлцэж кальцийн гидросиликат нэгдлүүдийн хоёрдогч гелийг үүсгэнэ. Түүнчлэн гидроксиль ионууд болон шүлтийн ионууд микроцахиурын гадаргууд нэвчиж, чөлөөт усны хэмжээ багасаж, бүтэц нягтрах боломжийг бий болгодог учраас бат бэх нэмэгддэг байна.
 Түлхүүр үг: цахиур, бат бэх, тогтвортой хөгжил, барьцалдах материал

Experimental investigations of foamed concrete with recycled waste glass powder wall panels

AbstractMillions of tons of waste glass are produced globally. The use of waste glass in concrete is an environmentally friendly solution, contributing to sustainable construction practices. This study investigates the potential of using recycled waste glass powder (RWGP) in foamed concrete nonload bearing wall panels as acoustic barriers. This study investigates the axial and flexural behavior of wall panels constructed with foamed concrete incorporating RWGP. A total of ten 900 mm long and 700 mm wide wall panels of foamed concrete with RWGP reinforced with 7.6 mm diameter steel mesh were cast and tested. Five wall panels were 75 mm thick and reinforced with one layer of steel mesh and the other five wall panels were 120 mm thick and reinforced with two layers of steel mesh. The experimental results exhibited that 120 mm thick wall panels sustained significantly higher peak axial and flexural loads, bending moments, axial deformations at peak axial load and midspan deflections at peak flexural load than 75 mm thick wall panels. The available design codes of masonry structures underestimated the peak axial loads and the bending moments of wall panels by about 9% and 17%, respectively.

A Step towards Concrete with Partial Substitution of Waste Glass (WG) in Concrete: A Review.

The annual worldwide production rate of waste glass is a million tons; the waste glass is non-biodegradable, resulting in environmental pollution. However, the chemical composition of waste glass (WG) is promoted to be used as a partial substitution of binding or filler (aggregate) material in concrete production. Although significant research has been conducted in this area, the results of these studies are scattered, and it is difficult to judge the suitability of waste glass in concrete. This review looks at the effects of waste glass on concrete’s fresh, mechanical, and durability properties. It concludes that waste glass decreased the flowability of concrete. Furthermore, waste glass can be used as pozzolanic material, creating secondary cementitious compound (CSH) gel. CSH gel increased the cement paste’s binding properties, leading to increased mechanical performance. Moreover, this study reveals that the optimum dose of waste glass is important to minimize the possibility of an alkali–silica reactions. Based on this review, most researchers conclude that 20% substitution of waste glass as binding material is the optimum dose. The wide range of discussion provides the necessary guideline for the best research practice in the future.

Comparison of partially replaced concrete by waste glass with control concrete

A massive amount of glass waste is produced every year all over the world, but a small amount of this waste is being recycled. The recycling of waste glass (WG) in concrete shows great achievements in reducing the quantity of glass. According to researchers’ addition of waste glass in concrete enhances the properties of concrete, WGcan be used in any form like powder, fine or coarse aggregate. But from previous studies of different researchers, it has been found that there are some ill effects of waste glass on concrete. This inconsistency of results of waste glass between researchers affects the acceptance (using) of waste glass in concrete structures. To overcome the formal problem the study clarifies the debate of using or not using the waste glass in concrete depending on the analysis of different papers. According to the results concluded from the tests that by partial replacement of cement by weight with waste glass the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength increases on adding percentage of waste glass as coarse aggregate upto 20%. Above 20% it decreases the strength and durability characteristics of the concrete. It is presumed to enhance the production of recycling waste glass in concrete production and points towards the needs in future for the sustainable development by use of WG in concrete.

Roles of Waste Glass and the Effect of Process Parameters on the Properties of Sustainable Cement and Geopolymer Concrete-A State-of-the-Art Review.

Recent research has revealed the promising potential of using waste glass (WG) as a binder or inert filler in cement and geopolymer concrete to deliver economic and environmental benefits to the construction sector. However, the outcomes obtained by different research groups are scattered and difficult to compare directly because of isolated process parameters. In this study, the roles and impacts of WG and process parameters on the performance of WG-added cement and geopolymer concrete are critically reviewed. This study reveals that the chemical and mineralogical composition, and particle size of WG, mix proportion, activation, and curing condition of concrete are the most important parameters that affect the dissolution behavior of WG and chemical reactivity between WG and other elements in concrete; consequently, these show impacts on properties of concrete and optimum WG level for various applications. These parameters are required to be optimized based on the guidelines for high pozzolanicity and less alkali–silica reactivity of WG in concrete. This review provides a critical discussion and guidelines on these parameters and the chemistry of WG in cement and geopolymer concrete for best practice and highlights the current challenges with future research directions.

Waste Glass in Cement and Geopolymer Concretes: A Review on Durability and Challenges.

Every year, the world is producing around 100 million tons of waste glass (WG), the majority of them are going to landfills that create massive environmental problems. One approach to solve this problem is to transform waste glass into construction materials. Glass is recyclable; however, the melting temperature of the glass is highly dependent on its colour that requires sorting before recycling. To overcome this challenge, many researchers and end-users are using broken glass in concrete either as a binder or aggregates. While significant investigations have done in this area, however, the outcomes of these studies are scattered, and difficult to reach a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of WG in concrete. In this study, the roles of WG and its impact on microstructural and durability properties for both cement and geopolymer concrete are critically reviewed. This review reveals that the amorphous silica in WG effectively participate to the hydration and geopolymerization process and improve concrete microstructural properties. This behaviour of WG help to produce durable concrete against shrinkage, chemical attack, freeze-thaw action, electrical and thermal insulation properties. The optimum replacement volume of binders or natural aggregates and particle size of WG need to be selected carefully to minimise the possible alkali-silica reaction. This review discusses a wide range of parameters for durability properties and challenges associated with WG concrete, which provides necessary guidelines for best practice with future research directions.

Sustainable Utilization of Waste Glass in Concrete: a Review

Due to population growth and industrial development, waste generation has increased annually over the last few years. According to a World Bank report, in 2018, about 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid waste were generated, and this amount was predicted to grow to 3.40 billion tons by 2050 (Kaza et al 2018). Waste glass (WG) is among the largest contributors to municipal solid waste (MSW). The recycling of WG as a fine aggregate or as a cement replacement can save natural resources and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The present review provides a cost analysis of using WG in concrete and the effects that the inclusion of glass has on the mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of concrete. As such, this review will serve as a guide for further related studies. This review also establishes that using WG in concrete can reduce the loads imposed on landfills and minimize concrete production costs.

Tackling the issues of self‐compacting concrete containing high volume of waste glass aggregate by zeolite

AbstractThe use of waste glass in concrete can bring significant economic and environmental benefits due to reduction of landfills and demand for natural aggregates. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation on the feasibility of using high volume of waste glass as fine aggregate in self‐compacting concrete (SCC). A detailed investigation on fresh behavior of mixtures was performed by evaluating filling ability, stability, passing ability, and viscosity of SCC mixtures. Compressive strength and electrical resistivity experiments and scanning electron microscope analysis were also performed to investigate the strength and durability of the concrete mixtures. Furthermore, alkali silica reaction (ASR) potential of different size ranges of the used glass was assessed. The obtained results revealed that excessive bleeding and segregation and deleterious ASR expansion are possible challenges of incorporating fine glass aggregates in SCC. Interestingly, there was no evidence that glass has a considerable impact on the mechanical performance of concrete whereas it increased the electrical resistivity of concrete. Utilizing high volume of waste glass in SCC up to 600 kg/m3 became feasible when a part of portland cement was substituted with zeolite.

Development of high-strength pervious concrete incorporated with high percentages of waste glass

This study presents the use of waste glass (WG) in pervious concrete, aiming to maximizing the reuse of WG in concrete. The effect of WG aggregate replacement and aggregate to binder ratio (A/B) on the mechanical properties, permeability, thermal conductivity, volume stability and pore structure were determined. The microstructures with and without immersing in 1 M NaOH 80 °C solution were also characterized. The results showed that the compressive strength decreased with the increasing replacement of WG aggregate and A/B, but the water permeability was improved. The presence of WG aggregate was effective in improving the permeability due to the smooth surface of WG aggregate and broader pore size distribution. With 100% WG aggregate replacement with A/B of 2–4, the permeability and compressive strength of the pervious concrete were still higher than the requirement of JIS A 5371. Another encouraging result was that the incorporation of a large amount of WG aggregate showed limited alkali-silica reaction (ASR) expansion in the pervious concrete, which was attributed to the low water to binder ratio, high amount of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), and accommodation effect of the porous structure to relieve the expansion pressure caused by ASR gel. Meanwhile, pervious concrete with a WG content of 80.95% could be produced with satisfactory functional properties and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is feasible to use WG aggregate to completely replace natural aggregate to achieve the maximum reuse of WG for producing pervious concrete.

Utilization of waste glass in the improvement of concrete performance: A mini review.

Every year, millions of tonnes of glass waste pose terrible problems related to the environmental condition all over the world. The glass is mainly composed of silica. Its use in concrete could be a beneficial solution for the environment and also economic problems. In this mini review, the different possibilities of the valorization of glass waste by substitution of aggregates and cement in concrete have been explored. Its effects on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics were examined in the main research in this direction. The use of waste glass in concrete can offer an improvement in concrete performance and an asset for participation in sustainable development by reducing this waste.

Replacement of Natural Gravel with Waste Glass in Concrete

In this work, sheet glass waste was used as a replacing material instead of natural gravel. The mix proportion of cement-gravel - sand was (1:1.5:3) and natural gravel was subjected in each mix at different percentages (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) all the specimens made with natural gravel were repeated with the same specification but instead of natural gravel, sheet glass waste were subjected. Compressive strength for cubic specimens were tested after immersing for different period (1, 7, 14, 28) days and a comparisons made between the concrete of waste glass with the conventional, concrete. Because of similarity of thestrength of compressive results of both glass and gravel. concrete, it was concluded that glass waste could replace natural gravel in concrete. It was obvious that all the percent’s show this behavior, but still at a particular percent’s glass concrete results were even better than gravel concrete. On the other hand glass concrete specimens were less absorbing than gravel concrete when studying the water absorption. Beside the maximum immersion time is the best to improve the properties to both series (glass, gravel).

Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Waste Glass in Concrete With Respect To Conventional Concrete with Alccofine

Objective: To find out compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength of concrete by using waste glass as a fine aggregate and to check internal structure of concrete by SEM test and XRD test. Method: Waste glass is the better idea to use in concrete as fine aggregate as India produce 22 million metric ton of waste glass per year and recycles only 45% of it. Fine aggregates replaced by glass with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15% in M40 mix. In this research also alccofine 1203 used to provide additional strength to concrete. Tests performed on these examples were: compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength test, SEM and XRD test. Findings: Strength increases with the addition of glass particles to the concrete by partially replacing fine aggregates. Alccofine addition to glass as additive helps to improve the strength properties of glass concrete due to its micro size. Strength increases as replacement of 5%, 7% to 9 % due to angular shape of glass molecules. Improvement: Size of the waste glass can be finer and more Alccofine may be added. Keywords: Alccofine, Compressive Strength, SEM (Scanning Electrons Microscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), Waste Glass

Sustainable production of concrete containing discarded beverage glass as fine aggregate

Discarding of waste glass is creating major ecological issues across the globe. In recent years, the rate of disposal of this material has amplified. One conceivable approach is to employ this rejected material as a substitute of fine aggregate in concrete. Hence, this study examines the behaviour of concrete with waste glass as fine aggregate at various substitution levels (18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23% & 24%). Fresh, hardened and durability properties were evaluated in terms of workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, density and water absorption. The outcome of the present work indicates that inclusion of waste glass has led to the enhancement in quality of microstructure up to 21% substitution of fine aggregate. This has improved the mechanical properties of such concrete mixes. It is observed that water absorption and water permeability are negatively affected with increment of waste glass in concrete. Hence, it can be concluded that 21% of fine aggregate can be replaced by waste glass to manufacture concrete for non-aggressive environment.

Microstructure characterization of alkali-glass particle and alkali-glass powder reacted gels with neutron scattering and imaging techniques

The major obstacles of the incorporation of recycled waste glass in concrete infrastructures are the deteriorations caused by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Previous research found the concrete containing glass powder does not suffer from ASR. This indicates the size-effect, which is the main focus of this study, is crucial for the incorporation of waste glass in concrete. In order to gather the information for the proposed analytical models, the microstructure and morphology of the synthetic alkali-glass particle and alkali-glass powder reacted gels were characterized by using ultra small angle/small angle neutron scattering (USANS/SANS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The radius of gyration and the power-law constant of different gel samples were obtained by fitting the scattering intensity with a unified Guinier/power-law approach. The power-law constants were in the range from 3 to 4 for the condensed gel sample, indicating the gel particles are surface fractals with different roughness. The SEM images show that the gel particles were spherical-like with sizes around 2 to 3μm, which is close to the characteristic size (3.4μm) calculated from the radius of gyration. The dynamic alkali-glass particle reaction was captured with the synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray micro-CT). The reacted gel particle distributions at different reaction stages were analyzed (up to 64h). At earlier reaction stage, the majority of gel particles has a size ranged from 2 to 3μm. At later reaction stages, more large-sized particles were observed in the reaction solution, indicating the volume change of the glass-particle reaction gel.

Use of milled waste glass in recycled aggregate concrete

Use of milled waste glass, as partial replacement for cement, to overcome the drawbacks of recycled aggregate concrete was investigated. Based on experimental investigations of the structure and properties of concrete materials, it was found that waste glass, when milled to micro-scale particle size, undergoes pozzolanic reactions with cement hydrates, forming secondary calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H). These reactions bring about favourable changes in the structure of the hydrated cement paste and the interfacial transition zones in normal and recycled aggregate concrete. Use of milled waste glass, as partial replacement of cement, produced significant gains in mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and abrasive effects, of recycled aggregate and normal concrete. Milled waste glass was also found to suppress alkali–silica reactions. Recycling of waste glass in concrete can divert large quantities of the market-limited (mixed-colour) waste glass from landfills for value-added use as partial replacement for cement, enable effective use of recycled aggregates in concrete, yield major cost and energy savings, and enhance the long-term performance and the sustainability of concrete-based infrastructure systems.

Alkali-silica reaction in concrete containing glass

The use of surplus waste glass in concrete has been avoided on the grounds that it is known to undergo harmful alkali-silica reaction (ASR). As part of a research project to develop draft specifications for glass in concrete, a major ASR testing programme was undertaken to establish appropriate use of glass in concrete which avoided harmful ASR. The British Standard for assessing ASR reactivity of aggregate—BS 812-123—was used. Testing was conducted on concrete mixes containing glass as either fine aggregate, filler aggregate, or as a Type II addition. Glass used as fine aggregate was found to produce significant expansion for both green and amber glass. GGBS and metakaolin had the effect of reducing this expansion considerably. Concrete containing powdered glass displayed much less expansion. A simple schematic model for the alkali-silica reaction of glass, based on glass dissolution mechanisms is proposed, and related to the test results.

Studies on expansion properties in mortar containing waste glass and fibers

The utilization of waste glass in concrete can cause cracking and weakening due to expansion by alkali–silica reaction (ASR). In this study, ASR expansion and properties of strength were analyzed in terms of waste glass content, glass color (brown, green), fibers (steel fiber, polypropylene fiber) and fiber content, in anticipation of reducing ASR expansion. Results showed that green waste glass was more usable than brown because its expansion was less than that of brown glass. Using the accelerated ASTM C 1260 test of waste glass, no pessimum content was found. Furthermore, when fibers and waste glass were combined, there was an effect on the reduction of expansion and strength loss due to ASR between the alkali in the cement paste and the silica in the waste glass. In particular, adding 1.5 vol.% of steel fiber to concrete containing 20% waste glass reduced the expansion ratio by 40% and increased flexural strength by up to 110%, a vast improvement when compared with using only waste glass (80 °C H 2O curing) by itself.

Value-added utilisation of waste glass in concrete

A large proportion of the postconsumer glass is recycled into the packaging stream again, and some smaller proportions are used for a variety of purposes, including concrete aggregate. However, a significant proportion, which does not meet the strict criteria for packaging glass, is sent to landfill, taking the space that could be allocated to more urgent uses. Glass is unstable in the alkaline environment of concrete and could cause deleterious alkali-silica reaction (ASR) problems. This property has been used to advantage by grinding it into a fine glass powder (GLP) for incorporation into concrete as a pozzolanic material. In laboratory experiments, it can suppress the alkali reactivity of coarser glass particles as well as that of natural reactive aggregates. It undergoes beneficial pozzolanic reactions in the concrete and could replace up to 30% of cement in some concrete mixes with satisfactory strength development. The drying shrinkage of the concrete containing GLP was acceptable.