Frequency Of Waste Collection Research Articles

Assessing sustainable waste management practices in Rajshahi City Corporation: an analysis for local government enhancement using IoT, AI, and Android technology.

This study addresses the pressing challenge of inefficient waste management practices within the Rajshahi City Corporation (RCC), Bangladesh. Despite rapid urbanization and escalating waste generation rates, RCC struggles with diverse waste disposal practices, limited supervision, irregular waste collection schedules, and inadequate disposal infrastructure. In this context, this study examines the possible improvements that could be made by combining the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and Android application to improve waste management methods in the RCC. The study's foundation is a vast amount of information gathered from residents, with particular attention paid to waste disposal methods, the role of the local government, the frequency of waste collection, and public attitudes toward waste management. The results point to a complicated waste management environment with a range of waste disposal practices, little supervision, irregular waste collection, and insufficient disposal methods. The importance of RCC in waste management is emphasized, highlighting the need for proactive measures including effective monitoring, constant waste collection, and routine drain cleaning. Additionally, it is suggested that combining IoT, AI, and Android technology is a possible way to improve waste management procedures. These technologies have the potential to increase productivity, lessen their negative effects on the environment, and produce cleaner, more sustainable urban environments.

Optimizing Waste Collection Efficiency by NodeMCU enabled Ultrasonic Trash Can Surveillance and ThingSpeak Dashboards

The use of inflexible route schedules for garbage collection results in inadequate waste disposal, posing environmental risks and incurring high operational expenses, including fuel costs and landfill fees, even when the waste containers are not completely full. This study utilizes a cost-effective Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system to facilitate dynamic routing. The aim is to enhance the efficiency and frequency of waste collection by optimizing it based on real-time fill levels, rather than following fixed cycles. The prototype employs an ultrasonic distance sensor in conjunction with a NodeMCU ESP8266 micro-controller to detect the fill level of a trash can. The collected data is then transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform. Real-time visualization dashboards display live data on waste levels in different containers, providing guidance for collection scheduling. The estimated scope entails conducting circuit simulation using Proteus, optimizing PCB layout, and developing an integrated IoT prototype connected to ThingSpeak for IoT analytics. Ultimately, integrating cost-effective IoT edge sensors such as ultrasonic ranging with cloud analytics dashboards greatly enhances effectiveness, sustainability, and intelligent allocation of resources in public trash collection. This results in economic and environmental advantages by reducing landfill overflow through the digitalization of smart cities.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in High-Density Residential Townships: A Case Study of Mtendere Township in Lusaka, Zambia.

Solid waste management is critical to a country’s economic and social growth, affecting public health, environmental stability, and economic advancement. The rising amount and complexity of trash generated by the contemporary economy endangers ecosystems and human health. This study was set out to assess the current state of Solid Waste Management practices in the densely populated residential areas of Mtendere Township in Lusaka district of Zambia. A mixed method study design comprising of qualitative and quantitative methods was utilized in this study. Quantitative data were collected through structured surveys which enabled statistical analysis to discern trends. Qualitative insights were derived from open-ended interviews with key stakeholders and site observations. 385 study participants were selected to participate in the study via purposeful sampling technique. The study disclosed that the majority of respondents were females (57.6%) and belonged to the age group of 25-34 (37.0%). A significant proportion of study participants were self-employed (34.8%) and most of them had attained secondary level of education (42.4%). The study also revealed that, the predominant method used for waste collection was door-to-door (44.2%), followed by open dumping (24.3%) and burning waste (19.9%). The study also uncovered that, the majority of respondents, (71.0%), reported waste collection every 3 days, indicating a relatively infrequent collection schedule. Also, a smaller portion of the sample, (13.8%), stated that waste collection occurred less than once a week. The study further revealed that, the majority of respondents (93.8%) were not aware about waste segregation and recycling programs in Mtendere Township, indicating a need for the development and implementation of waste management strategies that promote waste segregation and recycling. The study also disclosed that, only a small minority of respondents (1.1%) perceived that, there were sufficient waste disposal facilities in Mtendere Township in Zambia. In contrast, the majority of participants, (87%) believed that there was a lack of adequate waste disposal facilities in Mtendere Township. The study further disclosed that, most of the respondents (59.4%) described Mtendere township as dirty indicating a prevailing perception of poor hygiene while a small proportion of respondents (19.2%) regarded the township as very dirty. The study further disclosed that, insufficient waste collection frequency (35.9%), lack of waste segregation and recycling programs (28.3%), and inadequate waste disposal facilities (40.6%) as major challenges faced by Mtendere Township in the management of solid waste in Lusaka, Zambia. Also 28.6% of the respondents pointed out that poor enforcement of waste management regulations and lack of community awareness and participation on the proper waste management (60.5%) as other significant challenges faced by Mtendere Township in the management of solid waste. The study also exposed that every single respondent (100%) has personally experienced environmental or health effects of inadequate solid waste management in Mtendere Township. This study further revealed air pollution (36.2%), Water contamination (32.2%) which increased the risk of waterborne diseases like cholera and spread of diseases (64.9%) as environmental or health effects caused by in-adequate Solid Waste Management in Mtendere Township in Zambia. It also disclosed that, foul odors (86.6%), and aesthetically unpleasant surroundings (81.2%) as other environmental or health effects caused by in-adequate Solid Waste Management. It is therefore, recommended that, there is need to conduct a study to assess the impact of increased waste collection frequency on waste accumulation and hygiene conditions in the township. Also exploring the economic aspects of waste management, analyzing social and behavioural factors influencing waste management practices, and understanding the role of technology and innovation in enhancing efficiency will contribute to a holistic understanding of sustainable waste management practices and inform future strategies in this domain.

Health Impact of Household Waste Burning in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Waste disposal and management is a global concern affecting both high- and low-income countries. This research assessed the health impact of burning household waste in Khartoum State, Sudan. An online community-based cross-sectional study was implemented on a sample of 844 participants selected through a stratified random sampling technique across Khartoum State. The data were collected through a standardized pre tested online questionnaire. The data file was georeferenced through Google Earth Pro and analysed with SPSS 23 and ArcGIS 10.3. The data were summarized numerically and graphically. The appropriate frequency tables were used in ArcGIS to generate geographical distribution maps of household waste burning and predictive health risk maps of waste burning in Khartoum State. Statistical tests performed for association carried out were Chi-square and ANOVA. A binary regression analysis established the relationship between burning of household waste and its associated factors. All statistical tests were considered significant when p < 0.05. The practice of burning household waste was performed by 74.5% (619/831) of the participants with 50.8% (311/612) who reported burning the waste weekly. The health conditions related to household waste burning were predominately asthma (57.0%) and respiratory manifestations (38.0%). Of the ten contributing factors of health risks related to burning household waste, the two statistically significant were the frequency of waste collection (OR = 0.720, 95% [CI: 0.593-0.875], p = 0.001) and the place of waste disposal (OR = 0.791, 95% [CI: 0.651-0.961], p = 0.018). The practice of burning household waste in Khartoum State was a public health concern. Sociodemographic and managerial factors exposing residents to health risks appeal political, health authorities and communities to establish a partnership to manage household waste for public safety and good quality of life.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management Privatization and Continued Pollution in Makadara Sub-County Residential Areas, Nairobi – Kenya

The study sought to assess how private waste companies have contributed to continued pollution in Makadara Sub-County, Nairobi City County. The study employed mixed method design, specifically concurrent triangulation strategy. Simple random sampling was used to select 218 resident leaders whereas purposive sampling was used to select 1 Sub-County environmental officer and 23 managers of private waste firms. Instruments for data collection were questionnaires, semi-structured interview guides and observation guide. Quantitative data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Ver. 27.0) and presented in tables and pie charts. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis and presented through narrative forms and thematic text approach. The study findings revealed that Private Waste Companies (PWCs) contributed to continued pollution in Makadara Sub-County by insisting on prompt waste collection charges, littering and waste spillage, irregularity in waste collection, creation of mini-dumps and poor maintenance of waste collection points, and inadequate finances. The study concluded that insufficient funds was the main challenge facing private waste companies leading to continued pollution in the residential areas and therefore there was need to review the terms and conditions of operation between PWCs and the residents that gear towards environmental sanitation that is fit for human survival. The study recommended that the PWCs to increase frequency of waste collection while the City County Government to implement the policy on contracting private waste companies that operate in residential areas and develop a policy on public-private partnership which focuses on the government subsidizing PWCs that carry out waste management in low-income residential areas.

Sanitary and environmental conditions related to food poisoning among informal street vendors in downtown Medellín, Colombia, 2016.

Although studies with informal workers have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still scarce evidence on the prevalence of food poisoning among workers with subsistence jobs on the streets and sidewalks of cities and on the factors that influence its presentation. To determine sociodemographic, labor, sanitary, and environmental conditions that influence the prevalence of food poisoning in informal workers in downtown Medellín, Colombia. This is a cross-sectional study using a workers' survey as the primary source. A total of 686 workers aged ≥18 years who had been working for ≥ 5 years were surveyed. An assisted survey was initially applied as a pilot test for training purposes and to obtain informed consent. We identified several associations and explanatory factors of food poisoning using chi-square tests and prevalence ratios, with unadjusted and adjusted 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A higher prevalence of food poisoning (p < 0.05) was observed in workers with lower frequency of waste collection (PR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.04-4.19), who left cooked food (PR = 6.40; 95%CI = 2.34-17.8), beverages or chopped fruits uncovered at their workplace (PR = 3.92; 95%CI = 1.40-10.48), with inadequate waste management (PR = 4.84; 95%CI = 2.12-11.06), exposure to polluted water (PR = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.20-7.50) and acceptable water supply (PR = 5.40; 95%CI = 1.60-17.8). The factors that explained higher rates of food poisoning were not having a waste collection service (PRadjusted = 5.58; 95%CI = 3.38-13.10), inadequate waste management (PRadjusted = 6.61; 95%CI = 1.25-34.84), and having sanitary services next to worker's stall (PRadjusted = 14.44; 95%CI = 1.26-165.11). The conditions that are associated with and explain the higher prevalence of food poisoning in this working population can be addressed with health promotion and disease prevention interventions.

Identifying the Leverage Points in the Household Solid Waste Management System for Harare, Zimbabwe, Using Network Analysis Techniques

Managing household solid waste (HSW) has gone beyond what the Harare local government can handle. Inadequate knowledge of the interactions existing between issues that affect the efficient running of waste management systems is one of the major hindrances in waste management planning in developing countries like Zimbabwe. The complexity of the waste management system for a given municipal area needs to be identified and understood to generate appropriate and efficient waste management strategies. Network analysis (NA) is a methodology extensively used in research to help reveal a comprehensive picture of the relationships and factors related to a particular phenomenon. The methodology reduces the intricacy of large systems such as waste management to smaller and more understandable structures. In this study, NA, which was done mainly using the R software environment, showed a result of 1.5% for network density, thus signifying that for Harare, waste management strategies need to be ‘seeded’ in various parts of the system. The Pareto principle and the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) concept were applied to suggest the issues to prioritize and generate strategies that could potentially affect significant change to the city’s waste management system. The key issues identified, in their order of importance, are an increase in uncollected waste, low waste collection efficiency, increase in illegal waste dumping, the deteriorating country’s economy, reduced municipal financial capacity, reduced municipal workforce capacity, inadequate or unreliable waste data, increase in waste volume, increase in the number of street vendors, no waste planning and monitoring unit, no engineered landfills in the city, increase in waste collection pressure, low waste collection frequency, increase in the unemployment rate, reduced municipal technical capacity, few waste collection vehicles, limited vehicles maintenance, distinct socio-economic classes, high vehicles breakdown, and increase in population.

A Mini-Review on the Causes of Poor Household Solid Waste Management in Low-income Developing Countries: a Case Study of Urban Harare City, Zimbabwe

Household solid waste (HSW) is the largest municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in Harare. This type of waste is poorly managed, driven by various factors. To inform future studies towards designing more informed solutions to HSW management in the city, this literature study was formulated. The review aims to uncover the causes of poor HSW management in the city.&lt;br/&gt; The systematic review methodology using NVIVO was used to develop the review. The results showed that the most reported causes of poor HSW management and waste management system inefficiencies in Harare are increase in population and population density, poor formal solid waste disposal, increase in waste volumes, informal waste disposal, low waste collection frequency and efficiency, municipal incapacitation, among others. Future studies can utilize these results to estimate the complexity of this phenomenon and thus propose appropriate solutions.

Assessment of Hygiene Status of Medical and Surgical Units Among Hospitals of Nowshera Swat &amp; Peshawar Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Objectives: Hygiene practices helps a lot in the prevention of infection among the admitted patients and an important component of infection prevention and patient safety. The aim of this study was to assess the hygiene status of medical and surgical units of selected hospitals in District Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, Pakistan. Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out in hospitals of Nowshera, Swat and Peshawar Districts, from August 2021 to February 2022. Data was collected from 60 medical and surgical units. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and face-to- face interviews were conducted with healthcare workers and patients. Finally results were presented in form of tables. Results: 64.66% of health care staff practice hand hygiene measures; and most of the surgeons (81.67%) were not satisfied with provided scrubbing materials. 46.67% of patients were satisfied with the prevailing hygiene status; 96.67% with health services. Moreover, 56.67% of patients wash hands before eating; 31.67% of sweepers satisfied with provision of materials, and surgical site infection rate was 13.33%. Furthermore, 63.33% of units collect waste daily; whereas only 18.33% had waste separation. 68.33% had isolation chamber for infectious cases; 36.67% screened patients for HIV/AIDS; and only 11.67% didn’t change fomites on daily basis. Conclusion: It was concluded that the hygiene status of selected hospitals was satisfactory. Moreover, the hygienic status showed strong relationship with type of unit; number of sweepers; waste collection frequency and frequency of fomites change and thus needs strategies to increase awareness and motivation of health care staff with an aim to reduce the incidence of hospital infections. Keywords: Hygiene Status, Infection, Medical, Surgical, Hospital

Public Awareness and Attitude on Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Case of University of Benin, Ugbowo Campus, Benin City

University of Benin, Benin city was investigated as a sub municipality to determine the awareness and attitude of the people towards solid waste management. Interviews were conducted that focused on available dumpsite, frequency of waste collection and methods of managing the waste. A total of 303 questionnaires were distributed using stratified systematic method to ensure appropriate representation in the population and 293 responses were received. The result revealed that 63.9% of the residents make use of waste managers to dispose waste but a significant 30% still burn their waste. In addition, it was established that 60.8% of residents pay for waste disposal, 87.9% of the business respondents patronize waste managers and pay, while 26.3% of the administrative and academic offices pay for waste disposal. Further investigation showed that 78.5% of residents were not sorting their waste and 52.7% were not willing to sort. 52.1% of business owners were not also willing to sort their waste. The attitude of residence regarding waste management is unfavorable to human health and environmental sustainability; hence, effort should be made to improve interaction and communication between waste generators and waste managers. Also, more should be done to establish a strategy that involves educating people, developing the knowledge and confidence that is necessary for them to actively participate in proper solid waste management process.

Environmental, socio-economic, and human health impact of illegal waste disposal in Katutura township of Namibia

Inappropriate waste management practices such as illegal disposal of wastes can seriously jeopardise the socio-economic dynamics and well-being of people in communities. This study investigated the impact of illegally disposed solid wastes in Katutura, a densely populated township in Windhoek, Namibia. The research was descriptive, using mixed methods that involved qualitative and quantitative analysis. A total of 234 structured and self-administered questionnaires were received from participants and responses therein were processed and analysed. Findings from the study revealed that illegally disposed wastes are detrimental human and environmental health. This was acknowledged by 51.7% of the respondents. In terms of the impact on quality of life and socio-economic activities in the communities, 80.1% and 53.4% of respondents respectively agree with this assertion. Lower educational attainment (49.1%) as well as nonchalant attitude (38.9%) were found to be responsible for the illegal disposal of wastes by the perpetrators. Respondents however were of the opinion that increase in the frequency of waste collection and introduction of waste recycling initiatives (50.5%) and non-privatisation (73.5%) of the solid waste management processes will curb and eventually solve the problem of illegal disposal of solid wastes in the community.

Life cycle assessment of the food waste management with a focus on the collection bag.

The organic fraction (mainly food waste) is typically the most abundant of the separately collected waste streams. The research aims at investigating the influence of different types of collection bag on the environmental performances of the food waste management chain in Italy. A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between two alternative systems based on paper or bioplastic collection bags was carried out. It included the collection bags manufacturing and distribution, their use at the household, the transportation of collected food waste and its subsequent anaerobic digestion, including the valorisation of useful outputs and the management of residues. The two systems were modelled mainly with primary data related to the current management system and to tests performed on bags. The LCA was performed with two different modelling approaches applied in the environmental product declaration (EPD) system and in the product environmental footprint (PEF) studies, respectively. In the scenario representing the average conditions, higher environmental impacts are shown by the use of bioplastic bags compared to paper ones with the EPD approach (+257%/+576%). With the PEF approach, the differences between the two systems are lower (-55%/+133%). Moreover, paper bags could allow for further impact reductions assuming a decrease of the food waste collection frequency, allowed by higher weight losses and a lower generation of leachate and odour during the household storage.

Modeling the Amount of Waste Generated by Households in the Greater Accra Region Using Artificial Neural Networks.

Waste can be defined as solids or liquids unwanted by members of the society and meant to be disposed. In developing countries such as Ghana, the management of waste is the responsibility of the metropolitan authorities. These authorities do not seem to have effective management of the waste situation, and therefore, it is not unusual to see waste clog the drains and litter the streets of the capital city, Accra. The impact of waste on the environment, along with its associated health-related problems, cannot be overemphasized. The Joint Monitoring Programme report in 2015 ranked Ghana as the seventh dirtiest country in the world. The lack of effective waste management planning is evident in the large amount of waste dumped in open areas and gutters that remains uncollected. In planning for solid waste management, reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation, and a reliable forecast of waste quantities are required. This study used two algorithms, namely, Levenberg–Marquardt and the Bayesian regularization, to estimate the parameters of an artificial neural network model fitted to predict the average monthly waste generated and critically assess the factors that influence solid waste generation in some selected districts of the Greater Accra region. The study found Bayesian regularization algorithm to be suitable with the minimum mean square error of 104.78559 on training data and 217.12465 on test data and higher correlation coefficients (0.99801 on training data, 0.99570 on test data, and 0.99767 on the overall data) between the target variables (average monthly waste generated) and the predicted outputs. House size, districts, employment category, dominant religion, and house type with respective importance of 0.56, 0.172, 0.061, 0.027, and 0.026 were found to be the top five important input variables required for forecasting household waste. It is recommended that efforts of the government and its stakeholders to reduce the amount of waste generated by households be directed at providing bins, increasing the frequency of waste collection (especially in highly populated areas), and managing the economic activities in the top five selected districts (Ledzekuku Krowor, Tema West, Asheidu Keteke, Ashaiman, and Ayawaso West), amongst others.

Evaluating the urban metabolism sustainability of municipal solid waste management system: An extended exergy accounting and indexing perspective

In this study, Extended Exergy Accounting was adopted to develop an accounting model to evaluate the performance of a Municipal Solid Waste Management System. Furthermore, urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was also proposed to represent the unified society-economy-environment impacts of the MSWMS under the framework of a comprehensive sustainability evaluation. A detailed analysis of wood and horticultural waste treatment scenarios in Singapore was done as a case study. It was found that the gasification scenario theoretically performs significantly better than the incineration scenario, in terms of energy carrier consumption, emissions, thermodynamic efficiency and sustainability. Analysis results show that, if extrapolated to Singapore’s total wood and horticultural waste, gasification technology has potential to reduce energy consumption and increase electricity output. An uncertainty analysis was carried out and it was found that the main extended exergetic parameters of the two scenarios considered were in the range of 3–8%, thus confirming the reliability of the accounting results. A sensitivity analysis of the urban metabolism sustainability index for waste was conducted for the gasification scenario to identify key influencing factors and seek potential improvements; this was done by considering changes in four variables: transportation distance, electrical efficiency, working hour increment and gross capital cost per ton waste treated. It was found that, to ensure the feasibility and sustainability of gasification scenario, the following are required: keeping the electricity production efficiency greater than 21.33%; the transportation distance between the gasification power plant and source of wood and horticultural waste should be kept within 17.08 km; employment of per kton annual treatment capacity should be less than 0.14 workers; wood and horticultural waste source should control the waste collection frequency of no more than 3 times per day and the number of workers participating in the collection each time is less than 4 persons, totaling to 12 workers per day.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste management: a case study

Covid-19 Pandemic leads to medical services for the society all over the world. The Covid-19 pandemic influence the waste management and specially medical waste management. In this study, the effect of the Covid-19 outbreak on medical waste was evaluated via assessing the solid waste generation, composition, and management status in five hospitals in Iran. The results indicated that the epidemic Covid-19 leads to increased waste generation on average 102.2 % in both private and public hospitals. In addition, the ratio of infectious waste in the studied hospitals increased by an average of 9 % in medical waste composition and 121 % compared with before COVID-19 pandemic. Changes in plans and management measurement such as increasing the frequency of waste collection per week leads to lower the risk of infection transmission from medical waste in the studied hospitals. The results obtained from the present research clearly show the changes in medical waste generation and waste composition within pandemic Covid-19. In addition, established new ward, Covid-19 ward with high-infected waste led to new challenges which should be managed properly by change in routine activities.

Evaluating solid waste storage and collection practices in Traditional Residential Area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria

This study evaluated solid waste storage and collection practices in traditional residential area of Abeokuta Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria. This is with a view to providing information for policy intervention. The study area consists of seven political wards, stratified into three residential zones, namely; core, transition and sub-urban zones. Each of the zones comprises of neighbourhoods with a number of residential buildings. The three zones consist of 408 houses. Using systematic sampling technique, one of every five building was surveyed, thus, a total of 81 (20%) houses were sampled. Data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established a significance difference in income, occupation and tenancy status, while no significant difference exist in residents’ education, family size and type of house occupied (p < 0.05). The study found that storage receptacles used in the three residential zones were similar and majority (70.4%) was not ecofriendly. Substantial proportion (49.4%) of the residents had no access to waste collection truck. Results of ANOVA computed (F = 6.721 and p < 0.05) established that significant difference exist in the frequency of waste collection. It is recommended that public awareness on environment-friendly waste storage receptacle should be given priority; and provision of adequate equipment and personnel for sustainable waste collection through public-private partnership.

Status of Solid Waste Management Service in Metu Town, South-Western Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services in most cities and towns are already over-burdened, as cities and municipalities cannot cope with the speeded pace of waste production provided that inadequate financial capacity, insufficient manpower, and facilities. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the status of municipal solid waste management service of Metu town using a questionnaire and observational checklist. A total of 252 households (HHs) and 65 commercial and institutional establishments (CIs) were included in this study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Accordingly, among 317 study participants, 213(67.1%) females and 104 (32.9%) males with a mean age of 36.45 have participated. Concerning solid waste collection frequency, more than 35% of HHs and 70% of CIs get the service from Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) with irregular interval whereas; about 56% of HHs and 15% of CIs responded that they get the service from MSE in more than 30 days.

I-Bin: Weight Based IoT Smart Recycling Scheduler for Guarded Neighbourhood

Overpopulation and lack of awareness are the main causes of poor waste management. While existing research in waste management employs current technology such as the Internet of Things, it lacks emphasis on residential centric type of waste management system. This project designs a weight based scheduling system for a guarded neighbourhood using Arduino Uno, load cells and plastic bins which are then incorporated with WiFi to send waste weight information in real time to cloud for monitoring.Design verification tests such as the linearity test and non-repeatability test showed less than 1 percent standard deviation error. A Proof of Concept test was conducted to test the system's performance at a guarded residential area.Analysis of test showed that an average of 0.0966kg of recyclable waste was collected per house. Based on theresults also, it is predicted that approximately 483kg of waste can be effectively collected from 10 residential areas using the I-Bin system. Residents tend to dispose waste after office hours and scheduling more waste collection frequency after office hours will lead to increased revenue for the recycling company.

Public Perception of Solid Waste Management Practices in Nigeria: Ogun State Experience

The effects of poor solid waste management practices in many developing countries have been identified in the literature. This study focuses on understanding the public perception and attitudes of people towards local waste management practices. Five Local Government Areas in Ogun State, Nigeria, were selected based on population, landmass, spatial location, and distribution. The study used a survey that looked into the socio-demographics, household characteristics, and standard solid waste disposal practices at the household and municipal levels. Factors such as frequency of waste collection, presence of environmental task force/protection agency, and level of effectiveness of such task force/agency were all investigated. The study verified the impact of people’s attitudes towards waste management, as well as the effects of monitoring and control on the management of waste. The results showed that significant factors such as age, income, and education levels affect the perceptions, practices, and attitudes of the people towards solid waste management. An average of 36.6% of the people in the selected local governments dispose of their solid wastes at open dumps, with the majority of the residents (54.4%) still with the opinion that sanitation services are too costly and should be the prerogative of the local and state governments to carry out. These outcomes resonate that more efforts by the government and relevant stakeholders should be put into proper enforcement of environmental laws, as well as creating awareness on proper solid waste management practices in schools and public places.

Performance-Assessment of Existing Drainage Facilities for The Purpose of Stormwater Management

The study assesses the performance of the existing drainage facilities in some selected areas in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State, Nigeria. The rapid increase in urbanization, increase in population without corresponding infrastructures in the city of Ilorin have led to the increased incidence of flood as the available drainage channel cannot convey the volume of water. The study focuses on the household demograph, flooding, drainage maintenance and solid waste management strategies employed in the study areas. The methodology involves the use of questionnaires and interview method to gather information from the respondents of the study areas. The study was carried out with 200 copies of well-designed questionnaire through systematic random sampling technique in the administration. The research questions were answered using tables of frequencies and percentages, bar chat, pie chart and regression analysis for flood modelling and prediction of flood occurrence. The analysis revealed that frequent flood events in the city of Ilorin can be traced to dumping of solidwaste in the drainage system, inadequate drainage channels, poor solid waste management strategy and variables such frequency of drainage maintenance, predominant waste material and duration of drainage maintenance, made statistically significant contributions to the prediction of Flood occurrence. A model for prediction of effect of stormwater management on flood was formulated. All the variables used in the model were evaluated and it has been established that frequency of drainage maintenance makes the strongest contribution to the causes of flood (Y dependent variable) among all other significant variables, other significant variables included availability of drainage system, waste disposal mechanism, distance of available dumpsite, frequency of waste collection, agency responsible for drainage maintenance and predominant waste materials.