Warning Of Danger Research Articles

The risks of unconcern: low sensitivity to threat can have unfortunate consequences.

Each one of us is confronted with warnings of danger or threats to wellbeing in our everyday life, whether in the form of certain road signs, Public Service Announcements, ominous changes in bodily functioning, or cautionary tales heard from family or friends. There is great inter-individual variation in how people respond to such threats, with some people habitually tending to ignore or dismiss them, often to their peril. The first purpose of the present paper is to review several studies showing that individuals-most often men-who score very low on measures of trait anxiety are more likely to engage in behaviors that could jeopardize their physical wellbeing. The general hypothesis that is derived from that review is that when attention to everyday threats is chronically muted by way of a dispositional trait, the likelihood of proceeding down some dangerous path is increased. Those findings are then discussed within the broader context of personality theory to highlight the importance of recognizing the bipolarity of common traits. Here the case is made for replacing the term trait anxiety with the term threat sensitivity in order to capture the full breadth of this basic personality variable. A discussion of the neurobiological underpinnings of threat sensitivity is then presented with an emphasis on individual and sex differences in the workings of the defensive survival circuitry. Taken together, this paper has implications for two subfields within psychology. For the area of personality theory, this paper provides support for the adaptationist view with the argument that low threat sensitivity has both adaptive and maladaptive potential. For the area of health psychology, it is argued that some individuals who demonstrate a habitual tendency to neglect their physical wellbeing may be acting-at least in part-in accordance with their innate neurobiological constitution.

Racial disparity in mortality from tuberculosis in the US between states with and without a history of Jim-Crow laws: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and risk factors study, 1990 to 2019.

While TB-related mortality in the US declined four-fold from 1990 to 2019, country-level estimates of TB burden obscure within-state racial heterogeneity and changes in TB burden over time. In sixteen US Southern States and Washington DC, the effects of health inequities engendered by Jim-Crow laws enacted from the late 1800s to the 1960s have not been evaluated for TB-related mortality. We, therefore, sought to compare TB mortality rates and annualized rate of change (AROC) between 1990 and 2019 in former Jim-Crow vs. non-Jim-Crow states to help guide response efforts and inform resource prioritization to improve racial equity. We evaluated whether TB-related mortality varied over time, from 1990 to 2019, between states that have a history of enacting Jim-Crow laws vs. states with no such history using estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019). TB mortality per 100,000 population and bootstrap 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were modeled using the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) framework with varying combinations of predictive covariates. For changes over time, we present age-standardized AROC as the percent difference in the natural logarithm of the rate in 1990 and 2019 divided by 30 (i.e., 100*[ln(2019 Rate/1990 Rate)/(30)) and the corresponding 95% UIs. TB-related mortality in all US states declined between 1990 and 2019. From 1990 to 2019, most former Jim-Crow states had higher mortality rates than states that did not enact Jim-Crow laws. The most significant decline in TB mortality was in Washington DC, with a six-fold decline from 2.69 (2.46-2.96) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 0.45(0.37-0.55) in 2019, corresponding to an AROC of -0.83% (-0.86;-0.79). The lowest decline was in Iowa, from 0.30 (0.27-0.33) to 0.09 (0.07-0.11) (AROC: -0.70% (-0.76; -0.63)). Eleven of the 16 states and Washington DC in the third tertile of TB mortality rate in 1990 (range 0.81-2.69) had a history of Jim-Crow laws, whereas none of the 17 states in the first tertile (range 0.30-0.51) had such history. Conversely, mortality decreased relatively slowly in former Jim-Crow states than in non-Jim-Crow states. Even though the 1964 Civil Rights Act dismantled Jim-Crow statutes, racial inequities in TB burden experienced by past generations may still be felt in subsequent generations. Understanding the role of structural racism at the intersection of science and medicine shows the complex ways historical laws, such as Jim-Crow laws, continue to negatively impact health outcomes and warn of future dangers, such as COVID-19, to avoid.

Lightning Strike Danger Zone Detector System Integrated with Smartphone

The potential for direct hits and bounces from buildings during thunderstorms can endanger pedestrians in the open area of the Faculty of Engineering Untirta campus. So far, there has been no danger warning in the open area so that pedestrians in the area are not prepared if unwanted things happen, especially when there is rain and lightning. Direct lightning strikes are one of the hydrometeorological events that need to be watched out for. Because of its impact that can cause damage to objects and casualties if exposed to humans. The campus area has a fairly large open area, making the threat of lightning strikes can occur at any time, especially during the rainy season. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a direct lightning strike hazard zone detection device in the campus area of the Faculty of Engineering UNTIRTA located in the city of Cilegon. The stages of research carried out include analyzing the open area of the FT campus using the Rolling sphere method. After that, plotting the area of the analysis results. Then an area detection tool was created which is categorized as a direct lightning strike danger zone that is integrated with Smartphone notifications.

Design of LPG Leakage Detection Device using MQ-2 Sensor Equipped with Hazard Warning System

The use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as household fuel in Indonesia has increased because it has greater heating power and equipment efficiency than other fuels. LPG is flammable and can explode if a leakage occurs and is exposed to a fire source. Therefore, explosions can be anticipated by installing a gas leakage detector equipped with a danger warning feature called Tor-G (LPG Detector) based on the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller using an MQ-2 sensor with a buzzer and LED as a danger warning feature. Tor-G can detect when a gas leakage occurs and provides a danger signal in the form of a sound from a buzzer which can be heard several meters away by the homeowner so that an explosion can be anticipated quickly. This research carried out four tests: the sensor accuracy test, the sensor responsiveness test, the distance between the sensor and the leakage source test, and the responsiveness of the buzzer and LED test. The results of the tests show that the sensor only detects the LPG. The sensor readings are accurate since the value of Rs/Ro on the Tor-G is not much different from that of Rs/Ro on the datasheet, thus producing an error value in the 0% -0.08% range. The ideal installation position of the Tor-G is 75 cm from the gas cylinder and the danger warning system from the buzzer and red LED lights up within 18.88 seconds.

Pulsed Airstream-Driven Hierarchical Micro-Nano Pore Structured Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wireless Self-Powered Formaldehyde Sensing.

Formaldehyde (HCHO), as a common volatile organic compound, has a serious impact on human health in the daily lives and industrial production scenarios. Given the security issue of HCHO detection and danger warning, a ZIF-8/copper foam based pulsed airstream-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (ZCP-TENG) is designed to develop the self-powered HCHO sensors. By combining contact electrification and electrostatic induction, the ZCP-TENG can be utilized for airflow energy harvesting and HCHO concentration detection. The short-circuit current and output power of the ZCP-TENG can reach 2.0 µA and 81 µW (20 ppm). With the high surface area, abundant micro-nano pores, and excellent permeation flux, the ZCP-TENGs exhibit excellent HCHO sensing response (61.3% at 100 ppm), low detection limit (≈2 ppm), and rapid response/recovery time (14/15 s), which can be served as a highly sensitive and selective HCHO sensor. By connecting an intelligent wireless alarm, the ZCP-TENGs are designed to construct a self-powered warning system to monitor and remind the HCHO of exceedance situations. Moreover, by combining a support vector machine model, the difference concentrations can be quickly identified with an average prediction accuracy of 100%. This study illustrates that ZCP-TENGs have broad application prospects and provide guidance for HCHO monitoring and danger warnings.

Jellyfish-Inspired Visual and Sensory Bubbling Robots with Automatic 3D Morphable Films for Underwater Environmental Interactions.

Coelenterates, such as Atolla jellyfish, are capable of integrating color, communication, and motion in a sophisticated manner, thereby enabling them to function as intelligent biological systems that can adapt to the challenges of the underwater environment. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to exploiting underwater visual, sensory, actuating, or combined systems. However, current biomimetic soft systems are still limited by the lack of comprehensive, integrated functional skins that can automatically deform, dynamically sense, and further send color signals when diving into underwater conditions. Here, we propose the synthetic soft skins composed of assembled entangled carbon nanotube networks and fluorescent unit-embedded elastomers which can be applied in a suspended form to allow autonomic 3D deformation, real-time perception, and dynamic fluorescence color transformation. The capabilities of the sensory and color display thresholds were controlled through the entanglement density of carbon nanotubes and the suspended area. As a demonstration, the soft thin skin was integrated into an artificial jellyfish robot, enabling the realization of a closed-loop feedback system for dynamic sensory processing, signal processing, and further 3D morphing-induced fluorescent color change, demonstrating significant potentials in underwater visual display, danger warning, and environmental exploration.

Development of an IoT-Based System for River Siren Control and Height Detection Utilizing LoRa and Solar Cell Technology

We need a tool that can measure river water levels automatically based on IoT so that water level data can be received in real time. This tool uses an Arduino microcontroller which functions to convert analog data into digital by measuring water level using an ultrasonic sensor so that the data can be converted into digital water level data and displayed via the internet and a buzzer or siren as a danger warning when the water level rises high as well as water level data. can be monitored as a whole. Apart from that, this tool is equipped with LoRa communication. This LoRa can send signals as far as 15 km without obstructions, so even if there is no internet, this tool can still work and can be used in areas without electricity because it uses solar cells as a power supply. If the water reaches the maximum limit, the siren will sound and stop again when the water in the river is at normal level.

Psychological evaluation of auditory warning signal for train horn

Air horns are commonly used to signal danger or caution during railroad operations. The main objectives of those auditory signals (i.e., whistle cords) are to "warn of danger," "call attention," and "notification of approach" in the situation before an accident occurs or "report an emergency" to those around after an accident occurs. Further, in case of using auditory signals in nonemergency situations (e.g., during the departure or arrival of a train), loud or unpleasant sounds should be avoided to the greatest possible extent, considering noise pollution in the environment. This study examined the nature of auditory signals for railroad vehicles through psycho-acoustic experiments using 11 types of auditory stimuli, including a "short, rapid horn sound" and a "long, slow horn sound." In the rating experiments, the auditory stimuli were presented via headphones to individual participants. The results indicated that upon initiating the auditory signal with an electronic horn sound (less unpleasant and dangerous impression) before blowing the air horn to alert perceived danger, the impressions of "warning," "caution," and "danger" tended to decrease, whereas those of "pleasantness," "quietness," and "relaxedness" tended to increase. The combined usage of electric and air horns can effectively provide auditory signals for maintaining the safety of railroad operations while addressing the associated noise pollution.

Deep-Learning-Based Anti-Collision System for Construction Equipment Operators

Due to the dynamic environment of construction sites, worker collisions and stray accidents caused by heavy equipment are constantly occurring. In this study, a deep learning-based anti-collision system was developed to improve the existing proximity warning systems and to monitor the surroundings in real time. The technology proposed in this paper consists of an AI monitor, an image collection camera, and an alarm device. The AI monitor has a built-in object detection algorithm, automatically detects the operator from the image input from the camera, and notifies the operator of a danger warning. The deep learning-based object detection algorithm was trained with an image data set composed of a total of 42,620 newly constructed in this study. The proposed technology was installed on an excavator, which is the main equipment operated at the construction site, and performance tests were performed, and it showed the potential to effectively prevent collision accidents.

Risk assessment of power outages to inter-regional supply chain networks in China

The power industry is one of the most important infrastructures in the modern supply chain. Due to the deep interdependence of enterprises on the power industry and between enterprises, power outages will cause serious cascading risks propagating through the supply chain. To assess the risk and establish a more targeted and reliable electricity security policy, we developed a dynamic adaptive agent-based supply chain model to simulate the superimposed direct and cascading indirect economic loss risks of multiple small-scale power outages. We apply this model to assess the economic loss risks of China's power outage in 2018 as a case study. With a day-by-day simulation in a whole year, the results showed that total economic loss risks caused by power outages accounted for 0.49% (ranging from 0.32% to 0.63%) of the national GDP in 2018, while the indirect economic loss risks were 2.35 times (ranging from 1.18 to 3.28) the direct loss. From the perspective of two different mechanisms of material flow and information flow, the results showed different impacts of power outages on the upstream and downstream supply chains. In addition, scenario simulations were conducted to identify 20 priority control regions to provide policy implications for securing the stability of the power supply. Overall, our model can be used to evaluate the economic loss risks caused by any historical outage events with available data and enables the early-stage warning of the financial dangers by arising power intervention policy.

A 3D printed continuous carbon fiber reinforced composite with function of self-detecting and self-healing of internal damages

Realizing the self-detecting and self-healing of internal damage is of great significance for ensuring the safe service and extending the service life of carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) composites. Here, a CFR thermoplastic composite composed of “long CFs - short CFs” was designed and prepared through a hybrid 3D printing method. Firstly, by multi-threaded laying and hybrid printing of conductive continuous CF inside the material, it shows that there is good consistency between the mechanical properties and conductive properties induced by internal damages, providing an important non-destructive detection method for the determination and danger warning of internal damages in the material. Secondly, the printed “long CFs - short CFs” combinated structure can induce a synergistic effect in the coupling between the composite and microwave. This synergistic effect can avoid the ignition of long CFs and the local melting of short CFR polymer, thereby making it possible to realize the non-contact microwave healing of local damages. The healed material significantly improves the toughness while ensuring almost initial strength. This study is of positive significance for achieving the 3D printing of multifunctional implementation of CF composites with “nondestructive detecting - accurate positioning - self-healing” of damages.

Этторе Скола. Исторические и семейные хроники 1980-х

The article explores the language and themes of the films made by Italian film director Ettore Scola in the 1980s. The author of the article considers this period of Ettore Scola’s career in the context of the general evolution of his cinematography and the development of Italian cinema — movement from early Italian-style comedies to historical frescoes and parables of elusive time. Scola’s films not only reflect the social, political and cultural changes in the Apennine Peninsula in the last three decades of the 20th century, but also address universal, philosophical themes. These melancholic stories often contain a warning of danger and a reminder of responsibility for our actions which can lead to irreparable consequences. In 1983, the director made one of his best and most famous films, Ballando, ballando, in which the characters do not speak a word. Presenting a Parisian ballroom as a model of history, Scola argues that the value of a person’s private life is undeniable, and that it is he, the hero emerging from the elements of everyday life — funny, absurd, and contradictory, but able to hope in spite of unbearable circumstances — who is its main protagonist. In The Family (1986), this model is a flat in Rome, where the protagonist’s family has lived for decades. Finally, Skola’s What Time Is It? (1989) develops the findings from his previous films, but unlike them, it does not present a group portrait in an interior setting against the backdrop of the 20th century but a dialogue between two characters — father and son — taking place during a city walk on a single day. However, this chamber family chronicle is also imbued with reflections on the relationship between an “ordinary” man and the time of big history.

Ultrasonic vocalisations during rapid eye movement sleep in the rat.

Rats are known to use a 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation as a distress call to warn of danger to other members of their group. We monitored 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalisation emissions in rats (lean and obese) as part of a sleep deprivation study to detect the eventual presence of stress during the procedure. Unexpectedly, we detected ultrasonic vocalisation emission during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, but not during non-REM (NREM) sleep, in all the rats. The event occurs during the expiratory phase and can take place singularly or as a train. No difference was detected in the number or duration of these events in lean versus obese rats, during the light versus the dark period, and after sleep deprivation. As far as we know, this is the first report showing that rats can vocalise during REM sleep.

The Goiânia incident, the semiotics of danger, and the next 10,000 years

The Goiânia Incident In September 1987, two men in Goiânia, Brazil, discovered an abandoned international standard capsule containing less than 100 g of cesium-137 chloride. The material was unguarded, and the warning systems were inadequate and inscrutable. The men took the capsule and sold it for scrap, and within days the city would be contaminated with highly radioactive material. Within weeks, 112,000 individuals would be screened for radioactive contamination, 249 would be exposed to radioactive materials, 46 would receive medical treatment for radioactive contamination, and four would die from acute radiation sickness. The citywide radioactive contamination occurred, in part, due to arbitrary and unfamiliar written warning systems. The individuals who discovered the cesium-137 capsule were illiterate and unfamiliar with the radiation trefoil logo, which was first used in 1946 in California, United States of America. As a result, written language and visual symbols were useless warnings against the dangerous contents of the capsule. Management of cesium-137 exposure in 2023 Cesium-137 enters the body through ingestion or inhalation. This isotope emits beta and gamma radiation, both forms of ionizing radiation which damage living tissues. The radiation dose lethal to 50% of an exposed population within 60 days (LD50/60) is approximately 3.5 to 4 Gray (Gy) without medical intervention. However, this dose increases to around 6-7 Gy when medical support is provided, which typically includes antibiotics, blood transfusions, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and Prussian blue. Prussian blue binds to cesium, thereby facilitating its elimination from the body. Lessons learned regarding radioactive waste disposal and the next 10,000 years The radiological disaster in Goiânia was due in large part to the failures of various agencies to warn of danger and minimize access to radioactive material. Barriers to risk communication included a lack of a universal semiotic language regarding radioactive hazards, which was compounded by the illiteracy of the scrappers and their inability to recognize the radioactivity warning trefoil. There is no society in which every member understands written language or recognizes every symbol. Given that the teletherapy unit was abandoned in an urban environment, there were no administrative or engineering controls in place to prevent human beings from becoming exposed to radioactive material. Conclusions As little as 100 g of highly radioactive material, such as cesium-137, may lead to massive environmental contamination, fatalities and permanent disability due to acute radiation sickness, wreak havoc, and disrupt society on a scale that is challenging for public health officials to manage. Thousands of tons of radioactive materials from the waste products of nuclear weapons and power plant manufacture will have to be stored for at least 100,000 years to prevent danger to human life and society. Public health officials and governments must build systems to keep humans safe and physically isolated from these radioactive materials for as long as possible.

Construction of Sports Management System Based on Multi-Layer Neural Network Model

Abstract Sports administrators must do an excellent job of preparation before the game. The goal is to keep the game safe. This paper uses the BP neural network to establish the danger warning system for sports competitions. The aim is to reduce the probability of dangerous incidents in sports competitions. Then this paper determines the relevant evaluation indexes of the risk warning mode of sports competition activities. Finally, this paper makes an empirical study of the risk warning model of sports events. The results show that the risk prediction of sports matches based on the BP neural network is accurate.

Invisible damage identification and danger warning for steel box girders using the metal magnetic memory method

Locating invisible damage and detecting the critical stress state leading to structural damage or failure are essential tasks in structural diagnosis. In this study, a four-point bending static loading experiment was conducted on two steel box girder members—one nondestructive, whereas the other had a butt weld—based on the metal magnetic memory (MMM) method. The correlation between the buckling failure position of the steel box girders and distribution characteristics of the magnetic signals was analyzed. The critical stress states of the elastic and elastic–plastic or elastic–plastic and plastic stages were statistically described using characteristic magnetic parameters. The results showed that the extremum position of the magnetic signal variationΔHpywell correlated with the location of the stress concentration. TheΔHpyextremum could locate the invisible damage position and predict the failure position, while the extremum of the average valueΔHpyaand integral value AofΔHpyvalue could accurately diagnose the critical stress state of steel box girders in the elastic and elastic–plastic or elastic–plastic and plastic stages. The proposed magnetic charge model could explain the distribution characteristics of the magnetic signals on the butt weld. These results are expected to provide a basis for effectively evaluating invisible damage using the MMM method.

Preliminary Study on Reconstruction of Building Thermal Field Based on Iterative Algorithm Acoustic CT

Real-time acquisition and visualization of temperature anomalies in building spaces and 3D temperature field data during fires are of vital importance for fire danger warnings, early rescue operations, evacuation commands, and subsequent fire accident investigations. Taking into account the non-contact, global (planar and spatial), and high efficiency advantages of acoustic CT temperature measurement technology, this study involved the conducting of exploratory preliminary research in order to provide new ideas for the real-time global perception of information on building fires. The detailed research objective was as follows: obtain the temperature data at any time of a fire based on Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and fit them to form the base temperature distribution diagram at that time. The large ill-conditioned matrix equation of acoustic flight under the scheme of multi-grid division was then constructed. The discrete temperature data of each grid in the building space was obtained by solving the matrix equation based on algebraic reconstruction algorithm (ART) and joint algebraic reconstruction algorithm (SART). The three-dimensional temperature field reconstruction of building space was realized by the interpolation of discrete temperature data. The reconstruction effect of each scheme was evaluated through the error analysis between the reconstruction data and the basic data. The results show that the real-time reconstruction of a 3D temperature field of a building thermal field can be realized based on acoustic CT temperature measurement technology, and the reconstruction algorithm and grid division scheme have a significant control effect on the reconstruction effect.

Role of the Psychological Test and Evaluation System Based on the Internet of Things in the Early Warning of Psychological Dangers of College Students

The mental health and psychological crisis of college students has aroused the attention of all walks of life. College students are unable to cope with various pressures, and crisis situations such as suicide are not uncommon. Solving the psychological crisis of college students is urgent. The psychological crisis of college students is a major psychological imbalance that occurs when individual college students or groups believe that they cannot solve, handle, and control themselves or face unimaginable learning, work, and life events. This paper aims to study the role of psychological evaluation system based on the internet of things in the early warning of college students' psychological crises. This paper uses the SCL-90 scale method to quickly classify the mental health problems of college students.

Individual autonomous safety intelligence technology for radioactive material transportation—Multi-sensor fusion early warning technology based on evidence theory

This paper briefly introduces the research project on individual autonomous security intelligence for radioactive materials using radar and microwave-infrared detectors to autonomously sense external threats during railroad transportation and achieve individual autonomous security intelligence. Due to the shortcomings of the single sensor with a false alarm, the project fuses the perception information of each sensor connected to the radar-infrared node to decide the level of danger warning and improve the level of individual autonomous security of radioactive materials. To further improve the accuracy and reduce the false alarm rate of individual autonomous hazard warnings, a reasonable basic probability assignment (BPA) is constructed for each sensor based on a fuzzy set and rough set according to the practical application, and the fusion of individual autonomous perception information is realized by combining Pearson correlation coefficient and D-S evidence theory. The experimental results show that the fused hazard warning accuracy is 91.72% and the false alarm rate is 8.28%, which indicates that individual autonomous safety intelligence can be effectively realized.

OPTIMIZATION OF A BASIC NETWORK IN AUDIO ANALYTICS SYSTEMS

Relevance. The sound is a source of data that provides information necessary for survival and warns of potential dangers. Audio analytics solutions allows detecting and responding in time to illegal actions and violations of the law, which are accompanied by appropriate sounds. Therefore, the problem of reducing delays in the transmission of audio streams in network-based systems of audio analytics becomes relevant. The object of research is the process of audio signals transmitting. The subject of the research is mathematical models of audio and video streams transmission in network systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop an approximate method for quickly solving optimization equations for a network of connecting links and to assess the adequacy of the developed method. Research results. A method for selecting the network structure of the audio analytics system is proposed. The optimization of the network structure of audio analytics system under non-ordinary Poisson load is presented. The optimization of the basic network of audio analytics system was studied according to the cost criterion. Comparisons of the optimization results shows that the given link distribution options are not significantly different from each other and are close in cost.