Warm Spring Water Research Articles

Local Community Perspectives on Naming the Mbombo Aukhu Tourism Destination in Oladano Village, Nias

Each tourism destination has unique characteristics that attract tourists' attention and interest. This research focuses on the naming of the Mbombo Aukhu tourism destination in Oladano village, Idanogawo-Nias subdistrict. The objective is to understand the local community's perspective on the naming of Mbombo Aukhu as a tourism destination. Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through observation and direct interviews with local community members. The findings reveal that the name Mbombo Aukhu originates from the naturally warm spring water in the area, which is believed to contain sulfur. The name "Mbombo Aukhu" is derived from the Nias language, where "Mbombo" translates to "gumbu idano" and "Aukhu" means "aukhu-aukhu." The local community supports this naming as it reflects the unique identity and cultural significance of the destination. The implications of this research highlight the importance of incorporating local cultural and linguistic elements in the naming and development of tourism destinations. Understanding and respecting local perspectives can enhance community support and contribute to the sustainable and socially responsible development of tourism.

The Impact of Hot Spring Hydrotherapy on Pain Perception and Dysfunction Severity in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is a prevalent global health issue, leading to prolonged discomfort and functional limitations. Hot spring hydrotherapy, which utilizes mineral-rich, warm spring water, offers a unique physical therapy that holds promise in alleviating CLBP symptoms. This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of hot spring hydrotherapy in improving CLBP symptoms, encompassing pain intensity, functional disability, quality of life, and medication usage. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching relevant literature in multiple databases. Included studies compared hot spring hydrotherapy with control interventions or other treatments. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for pain intensity, functional disability, medication usage, and quality of life. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 1656 participants with chronic low back pain across various countries. The meta-analysis demonstrated that hot spring hydrotherapy was effective in reducing pain intensity (SMD = -0.901, 95% CI [-1.777, -0.025], P < 0.05) and improving functional disability (SMD = -3.236, 95% CI [-4.898, -1.575], P < 0.0001) in CLBP patients. Hot spring hydrotherapy also resulted in a significant reduction in medication usage (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the effects of hot spring hydrotherapy were more pronounced in patients aged 60 and above, while no significant differences were observed in patients below 60 years of age, single hot Spring Hydrotherapy help improve patients' quality of life. Hot spring hydrotherapy is an effective intervention for improving CLBP symptoms, including pain intensity, functional disability, and medication usage. It is particularly beneficial for CLBP patients aged 60 and above. These findings support the integration of hot spring hydrotherapy into the treatment approach for CLBP, although further research is needed to determine its efficacy in younger patients and to explore the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic effects. CRD42023430860.

The Warm Springs Story: Legacy and Legend by F. Martin Harmon

Reviewed by: The Warm Springs Story: Legacy and Legend by F. Martin Harmon Stephen E. Mawdsley The Warm Springs Story: Legacy and Legend. By F. Martin Harmon. (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2014. Pp. [x], 318. $35.00, ISBN 978-0-88146-472-6.) In The Warm Springs Story: Legacy and Legend, F. Martin Harmon, the retired public relations director at Roosevelt Warm Springs, provides a sympathetic history of his former institution, interwoven with family narratives and local lore. While David M. Burke and Odie A. Burke’s earlier work Warm Springs (Charleston, S.C., 2005) provided a visual account of the institution, [End Page 206] Harmon’s work is a much more conventional history that contributes to existing literature on polio in America. Drawing on archived institutional records and oral history interviews, Harmon argues that Warm Springs was important not only as the site of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s legacy in polio treatment and fund-raising but also as a place of pioneering education, rehabilitation, and disability activism that inspired generations of leaders. The Warm Springs Story has eighteen chapters written in a relaxed, chatty tone. Harmon begins with a poignant case study, outlining recent political and economic challenges that faced Roosevelt Warm Springs and how it narrowly survived closure. From the contemporary, Harmon moves back in time to explore the first European settlers in Meriwether County, Georgia, and their discovery of the warm spring waters near Pine Mountain. He reveals the influence of local families and how a series of owners developed the region. The author then considers Roosevelt’s vision for the Warm Springs property after he purchased it in 1926. While exploring the architecture, ambitious resort plans, and people involved, Harmon also analyzes the polio treatment program, the development of the Warm Springs Foundation, and Roosevelt’s return to politics. Voices from the past are accentuated in biographies and interviews, which highlight the significance of the physical therapists and patients at Warm Springs. Through this intimate foray, the author interweaves compelling stories of love affairs, ghost sightings, potential espionage, and disabled models. In the last chapters Harmon expresses some disappointment at the missed opportunities to maintain, expand, and reorient Warm Springs after the conclusion of the polio crusade. However, in light of recent developments, he remains optimistic about the future of Warm Springs as a tourist destination and a historical center. The book has many strong points, especially its extensive narrative history of the institution and the rare glimpse into the lives of former employees and patients it provides. Despite its strengths, the tight focus on the institution and the author’s selection of buoyant patient narratives do not permit a nuanced analysis or larger historical connections. Indeed, while Warm Springs contributed to the development of polio therapies, the treatment innovations introduced by nurse-activist Sister Elizabeth Kenny in the 1940s reached more people and had a greater impact. Moreover, Harmon might have explored in more detail the fight to open up the institution to black patients in the context of racial segregation in the South and the complex relationship that developed between Warm Springs and Tuskegee Institute. The Warm Springs Story is an enjoyable monograph that will appeal to a broad audience, including former patients and staff, historians, and biographers. It is ultimately successful in bringing attention to an important place in an accessible manner. Stephen E. Mawdsley University of Cambridge Copyright © 2016 The Southern Historical Association

Chemical and Hydro-Geologic Analysis of Ikogosi Warm Spring Water in Nigeria

Chemical and Hydro-Geologic Analysis of Ikogosi Warm Spring Water in Nigeria

Complete Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium indicum GPSTA100-9T, Isolated from Warm Spring Water

We report here the complete annotated genome sequence of Flavobacterium indicum CIP 109464(T) (= GPTSA100-9(T)), isolated from warm spring water in Assam, India. The genome sequence of F. indicum revealed a number of interesting features and genes in relation to its environmental lifestyle.

Survey and assessment of post volcanic activities of a young caldera lake, Lake Cuicocha, Ecuador

Abstract. Cuicocha is a young volcano adjacent to the inactive Pleistocene Cotacachi volcano complex, located in the western cordilleras of the Ecuadorian Andes. A series of eruptions with intensive ash emission and collapse of the caldera occurred around 4500–3000 y BP. A crater 3.2 km in diameter and a maximum depth of 450 m was formed. Further eruptions of the volcano occurred 1300 y BP and formed four smaller domes within the caldera. Over the last few hundred years, a caldera lake has developed, with a maximum depth of 148 m. The lake water is characterized by sodium carbonate with elevated concentrations of manganese, calcium and chloride. Nowadays, an emission of gases, mainly CO2, and an input of warm spring water occur in Lake Cuicocha. The zone of high activity is in the western basin of the lake at a depth of 78 m, and continuous gas emissions with sediment resuspension were observed using sonar. In the hypolimnion of the lake, CO2 accumulation occurs up to 0.2% saturation, but the risk of a limnic eruption can be excluded at present. The lake possesses monomictic stratification behaviour, and during overturn an intensive gas exchange with the atmosphere occurs. Investigations concerning the sedimentation processes of the lake suggest only a thin sediment layer of up to 10–20 cm in the deeper lake basin; in the western bay, in the area of gas emissions, the lake bottom is partly depleted of sediment in the form of holes, and no lake colmation exists. Decreases in the lake water level of about 30 cm y−1 indicate a percolation of water into fractures and fissures of the volcano, triggered by a nearby earthquake in 1987.

Ecological studies of algae in Wikki warm spring water, Yankari game reserve Bauchi, Nigeria

No Abstract. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 3 (4) 2007: pp.555-559

Nuclearia thermophila sp. nov. (Nucleariidae), a new nucleariid species isolated from Yunoko Lake in Nikko (Japan)

A new species of unicellular opisthokont protist, Nuclearia thermophila sp. nov., was isolated from the warm spring water of Yunoko Lake, Japan, and has been described using light and electron microscopy. It exists as a spherical floating form and a flattened amoeboid form showing various shapes. The cells occasionally extended as branches or knobbed filopodia. The spherical form when suspended in medium measured 20–40 μm in diameter (excluding filopodia). The amoeboid form may exceed 65 μm along the longest axis. A nucleus with an obvious spherical nucleolus, dictyosomes, mitochondria with flat cristae, food vacuoles, and lipid droplet-like vacuoles with homogeneous contents were observed; no extracellular matrix or bacterial endosymbionts were present. The cells ingested flour particles. No cysts were seen. The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA revealed the novelty of N. thermophila and its relationships with previously known nucleariids.

Flavobacterium indicum sp. nov., isolated from warm spring water in Assam, India

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was employed to characterize a strain designated GPTSA100-9T, which was isolated from water sampled from a warm spring. The micro-organism, comprising Gram-negative, strictly aerobic rods, could not grow on nutritionally rich media such as tryptic soy broth. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence (1396 nt) of strain GPTSA100-9T revealed that it is a member of the genus Flavobacterium, sharing 99.8% sequence similarity with the CFB group bacterium strain A0653 (AF236016), 93.4% with '[Flexibacter] aurantiacus subsp. excathedrus' and 93.2-92.0% with Flavobacterium saliperosum, Flavobacterium soli, Flavobacterium aquatile and Flavobacterium columnare. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 31.0 mol%. The major fatty acids of the strain grown on modified R2A agar were iso-C15:0 (18.5%), iso-C15:1 G (18.0%), summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1omega7c, 16.6%) and iso-C17:0 3-OH (9.0%). On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain GPTSA100-9T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GPTSA100-9T (=MTCC 6936T=DSM 17447T).

Is There a Paleolimnological Explanation for ‘Walking on Water’ in the Sea of Galilee?

Lake Kinneret (the Sea of Galilee) is a small freshwater lake (148 km2 and a mean depth of 20 m) situated in northern Israel. Throughout recent history there have been no known records of a total ice formation on its top. Furthermore, given that convection requires an initial cooling of the entire lake down to 4 °C, it is difficult to imagine how such a low-latitude lake, presently subject to two-digit temperatures during the winter, could ever freeze. Lake Kinneret is, however, unique in the sense that there are dense (warm and salty) springs along its western shore. The dynamics of the regions adjacent to these springs are investigated using a one-dimensional nonlinear analytical ice model, a paleoceanographic record of the sea surface temperature of the Mediterranean Sea, and a statistical model. We show that, because the water directly above the plume created by the salty springs does not convect when it is cooled down to 4 °C, freezing of the region directly above the salty springs was possible during periods when the climate in the region was somewhat cooler than it is today. We refer to this localized freezing situation as ‘springs ice’. The analytical ice-model involves a slowly varying approach where the ice is part of a thin fresh and cold layer floating on top of the salty and warm spring water below. During the ice formation process, the ice is cooled by the atmosphere above and warmed by the spring water below. The plumes created by the springs have a length scale of 30 m, and it is argued that, during the Younger Dryas when the air temperature in the region was probably 7 °C or more cooler than today, ‘springs ice’ (thick enough to support human weight) was formed once every 27 years or less. During the cold events 1500 and 2500 years ago (when the atmospheric temperature was 3 °C or more lower than today) springs ice occurred about once in 160 years or less. Since the duration of these cold events is of the same order as the springs ice recurrence time, there is a substantial chance that at least one springs ice occurred during these cooler periods. With today's climate, the likelihood of a springs ice is virtually zero (i.e., once in more than 10,000 years). One set of those springs associated with the freezing is situated in Tabgha, an area where many archeological features associated with Jesus Christ have been found. On this basis, it is proposed that the unusual local freezing process might have provided an origin to the story that Christ walked on water. Since the springs ice is relatively small, a person standing or walking on it may appear to an observer situated some distance away to be ‘walking on water’. This is particularly true if it rained after the ice was formed (because rain smoothes out the ice’s surface). Whether this happened or not is an issue for religion scholars, archeologists, anthropologists, and believers to decide on. As natural scientists, we merely point out that unique freezing processes probably happened in that region several times during the last 12,000 years.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Summer Phytoplankton and Water Chemistry in a Large Volcanic Spring-fed Lake in Northern Iceland

Myvatn, Iceland, is the only lake in the world where diatomite is dredged commercially. Although we anticipated an enormous production ofplanktonic diatoms at the peak of the summer production cycle in mid-July, upon analysis of our samples, we realized that less than 5% of the phytoplankton standing crop was composed of diatoms. Benthic, rather than planktonic diatom species, appeared to be the key primary producers in the lake. The phytoplankton assemblage was dominated by Chlorophyta (green algae), Cyanophyta (blue-green algae), and Chrysophyta (yellow-green algae). The relative absence of planktonic diatoms in this shallow lake (mean depth less than 2.5 m) was associated with the presence of dense stands of macrophytes, which appeared to limit local turbulence. The spatial heterogeneity in phytoplankton abundance and species composition was correlated with the spatial distribution of nutrients in this volcanic spring-fed lake. Phytoplankton abundance was highest where warm spring waters from the north basin flowed into the eastern channel and mixed with the cold spring nutrient-rich waters coming from the southeastern corner of the lake. Intermediate nutrient levels were found in the center of the lake where relatively high phytoplankton standing crops of chrysophytes (Chrysochromulina and Dinobryon), cyanophytes (Anabaena and Gloeocystis), and colonial chlorophytes (Sphaeorocystis, Oocystis, and Pediastrum) developed during the annual phytoplankton production peak. During this midsummer peak in primary production, nitrogen, rather than phosphorus appeared to be the limiting nutrient.

A Geochemical Study of Lakes Bonney and Vanda, Victoria Land, Antarctica

During Deep Freeze 61, highly saline water was found on the bottom of Lakes Vanda and Bonney, Victoria Land, Antarctica. These lakes, perennially ice-covered, have unusually warm waters for such cold environments. In December, 1960, the bottom 20-foot layer of Lake Vanda () had a temperature of . and Lake Bonney () had an 8° C. thermal layer at the 40-foot level. As the average annual temperature in this region is approximately -17° C, the only reasonable explanation for the high temperature observed in these waters appears to be either an unusually high geothermal gradient or the influx of warm spring waters on the lake bottoms. Analyses of water samples show abnormally high salinities, chlorinities, and conductivities. Interpretation of these data indicates that the lakes are meromictic. Investigation of the distribution of and other ions provides some information as to probable origin of these waters. A ratio of 0.010 for the highly saline bottom waters of Lake Vanda indicates a possible sea-water origin. Determination of ratios indicates a probable salt water origin for the deeper waters (Mg/Ca = 23.6) of Bonney (elevation 38 m.) but not for Vanda (elevation 123 m.). The origin of these waters is not clear; however, present data suggest either a sea or thermal water origin for the monimolimnion of Lake Bonney. Whatever the origin of these saline bottom waters, many geologic and climatological implications are suggested.

Ecology, Breeding Habits and Young Stages of Crenichthys baileyi, a Cyprinodont Fish of Nevada

AMONG the most interesting fishes of the isolated drainages of the arid .American west are those that constitute certain highly localized endemic genera (Hubbs and Miller, 1948 a-b). Since very little is known about their ecology and life history, a study was made of one of the species, Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert). This fish was originally described as Cyprinodon macularius baileyi by Gilbert (1893: 233), who emphasized the lack of pelvic fins but failed to note that the teeth are bifid, rather than trifid as in Cyprinodon. Jordan and Evermann (1896: 675) recognized the species as distinct, but still retained it in Cyprinodon, not appreciating its relationship with the genus Empetrichthys (Gilbert, 1893: 233-234, pl. 5; Miller, 1948: 99-111, pls. 10-11), which is confined to the springs of Ash Meadows and Pahrump Valley, Nevada. The species baileyi was shown by Hubbs (1941: 68) and Hubbs and Miller (1941: 1-2) to be wide-spread in warm springs throughout the remnants of the Pluvial White River system, Nevada (Hubbs and Miller, 1948 b: 7-8, pls. 3 and map 2), and to be referable to the genus Crenichthys, which Hubbs (1932) had established for a newly discovered species, C. nevadae, of Railroad Valley, Nevada. On the basis of identifications by Hubbs, Crenichthys baileyi was also reported by Sumner and Sargent (1940) and by Sumner and Lanham (1942), in their studies on the adaptation of fishes to warm-spring waters. Previous attempts to culture Crenichthys in aquaria have proved unsuccessful, although desert forms of Cyprinodon have been reared, as by Cowles (1934), Miller and Miller (1942) and Miller (1948: 122-126).