Warehouse Construction Research Articles

Cost implications and sustainable design for warehouses considering fire safety regulations

This paper explores the impact of sustainable design practices on warehouse construction costs in the context of fire safety regulations. The inherent fire risk during the operation of industrial facilities is a critical consideration in their design. This study evaluates various cost and technological aspects of sustainable solutions within the “design and build” framework, focusing on fire protection systems across three different fire zone configurations. The modeling analysis examines how fire zones influence smoke dispersion, temperature variations at a specific location above the fire source, and visibility. Numerical results reveal variations in smoke distribution among the three configurations, though these differences do not significantly affect evacuation efficiency. The findings indicate that increasing the number of fire zones within the warehouse can mitigate the potential impact of a fire. This research underscores that fire protection and evacuation conditions significantly affect investment costs.

Impact of Warehouse Expansion on Ambient PM2.5 and Elemental Carbon Levels in Southern California's Disadvantaged Communities: A Two‐Decade Analysis

AbstractOver the past two decades, the surge in warehouse construction near seaports and in economically lower‐cost land areas has intensified product transportation and e‐commerce activities, particularly affecting air quality and health in nearby socially disadvantaged communities. This study, spanning from 2000 to 2019 in Southern California, investigated the relationship between ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and elemental carbon (EC) and the proliferation of warehouses. Utilizing satellite‐driven estimates of annual mean ambient pollution levels at the ZIP code level and linear mixed effect models, positive associations were found between warehouse characteristics such as rentable building area (RBA), number of loading docks (LD), and parking spaces (PS), and increases in PM2.5 and EC concentrations. After adjusting for demographic covariates, an Interquartile Range increase of the RBA, LD, and PS were associated with a 0.16 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.13, 0.19], p < 0.001), 0.10 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.08, 0.12], p < 0.001), and 0.21 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.18, 0.24], p < 0.001) increase in PM2.5, respectively. For EC concentrations, an IQR increase of RBA, LD, and PS were each associated with a 0.021 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.019, 0.024], p < 0.001), 0.014 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.012, 0.015], p < 0.001), and 0.021 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.019, 0.024], p < 0.001) increase. The study also highlighted that disadvantaged populations, including racial/ethnic minorities, individuals with lower education levels, and lower‐income earners, were disproportionately affected by higher pollution levels.

Implementation of the Gravity Location Models Method in Determining Regional Warehouse Locations to Minimize Goods Transport Costs at PT

Supply Chain is a network of companies that work together to create and deliver a product to the end user. PT X is a company engaged in manufacturing whose products are steel pipes, not only steel pipes are produced. Supply chain management at PT X is considered inefficient because it has to supply four warehouses or depots at once, this can cost a lot of shipping costs in the PT X Supply Chain process. Therefore, supply chain management needs to be carried out using the Gravity Location Model method which aims to minimize the costs of transporting goods at PT X. The aim of this research is to determine the variables needed to determine the location point of PT X regional warehouse using the Gravity Location Model method and to determine the regional warehouse location and optimal shipping costs using the Gravity Location Model method at PT X. From the results of research that has been carried out, the variables used to determine the location points for PT X regional warehouse construction include X and Y, Xn and Yn, dn, Cn, Dn, and TC as well as calculating cost minimization through a comparison of 20 iterations, it was found that the minimum cost was in the 11th iteration, namely IDR 386.955,50. with coordinates X = -4.13 and Y = 115,18.

Optimization of Emergency Epidemic Prevention Material Reserve and Supply System of Shanxi Province in China: Based on Anylogic Simulation

Due to the randomness and uncertainty of epidemic occurrence, there are insufficient emergency supplies and low efficiency of transportation equipment in Shanxi Province. In order to meet the needs of materials in Shanxi Province, it is urgently necessary to establish a reserve and supply system with perfect facilities and equipment. According to the geographical location of 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province and the actual situation of transportation equipment, this paper simulates the location of warehouse construction in each city. Through simulation modeling, the emergency epidemic prevention materials reserve and supply system of prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province was simulated under the epidemic situation. The research idea of "simulation-analysis-optimization-summary" was defined, and the AnyLogic software was used to simulate and analyze the emergency epidemic prevention materials reserve and supply system of the whole Shanxi Province. Through the simulation of different scenarios, the optimization direction of transportation equipment is obtained. Based on the optimization effect of each plan of transportation equipment loading on the emergency epidemic prevention materials reserve and supply system in Shanxi Province, the best optimization plan was obtained. The results show that the efficiency of transportation equipment allocation is improved and the loading capacity of transportation equipment is reasonable and effective. After optimization, the order backlog of each prefecture-level city storage warehouse is reduced, and the order processing time is reduced. The optimization ideas proposed in this paper provide the optimization direction for the emergency epidemic prevention materials reserve and supply system in Shanxi Province, and also have certain guiding significance for how to deal with major public health emergencies.

Cost Efficiency and Profitability through Intelligent Warehouse: Case Study of Unmanned Warehouse “Asia One” in JD Logistics

With the general environment of consumer purchasing power and the popularity of flexible supply chains, many warehousing companies have been based on their own needs for intelligent warehouse transformation, some warehouses for a comprehensive unmanned transformation, while some through the human-machine collaboration to control storage costs. But most of these warehouses to achieve transformation are only used to store one or a class of goods, such as the medicine and equipment industry. Able to carry out a large number and multiple items stored at the same time, intelligent warehouse construction is not popular enough, this paper will be the existing large-scale intelligent warehouse working principle, efficiency results and profit costs, and other aspects of the analysis to explore the large-scale warehouse intelligent transformation can bring specific benefits to the enterprise. The representatives of large, intelligent warehouses Amazon and Jingdong’s large and unmanned warehouses have a strong benchmark. In this paper, we select Jingdong’s large, unmanned warehouse, “Asia No. 1” and explain the working process and the role of hardware and software systems to find out what advantages the operation of these machines can bring to enterprises, what the competitiveness of intelligent equipment compared with manual labor, and how to help enterprises increase benefits and reduce costs.

Analysis Quality Control in Project Development Warehouse PT Santos Jaya Abadi Sidoarjo Using the Process Decision Program Chart Method

<p dir="ltr"><span>Abstract: </span><span>The rapid development of the construction world today, competition in the construction world is also increasingly fierce so that assurance and control of quality are demanded higher. One form of realization in facing competition and meeting these demands is the preparation of quality control. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of quality control in warehouse construction projects and to determine the risk analysis of existing structural work so that quality control can be implemented better. This research begins with data collection through a questionnaire method distributed to construction project workers, with respondents being the project managers to workers. Furthermore, the collected questionnaire data was analyzed using BIM SPSS and the </span><span>process decision program chart </span><span>method. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of warehouse construction projects, especially in column and beam structure work, has a percentage of 76%, and in-floor plate work has a percentage of 72%. So that quality control is carried out effectively and level risk at a medium risk level.</span></p>

ANALISIS PENJADWALAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN METODE CPM DAN PERT PADA PEMBANGUNAN GUDANG DEXA MEDICA PALEMBANG

The project is a series of sensitive work mechanisms because each aspect of the project is interconnected with each other. The purpose of this research is to determine the planned duration, critical path activities, and probability in the implementation of the Dexa Medica warehouse construction project in Palembang. Primary data used for estimation of work time, while secondary data used time schedules (S-curve) and work plan drawings. The methods used are the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). The planned project completion duration using the CPM calculation method is 39 weeks. The activities known to be on the critical path are preparation, earthworks and others on the 1st floor, concrete work on the 1st floor, architectural work on the 1st floor, site development, and genset room work. The planned project completion duration using the PERT calculation method is 40.2 weeks. The probability (Probabiliti) with the PERT method is found to be 0.7324, meaning that there is a 73.24% probability that the project will be completed within 41 weeks.

Designing Automated Logistics Warehouse Stackable Bidirectional Infinite-Loop Modules

The modern logistics industry is grappling with significant challenges brought about by rapid market transformations. These challenges encompass workforce shortages, the increasing complexity of diverse logistics systems, environmental concerns arising from unregulated warehouse construction, and the scarcity of available land for development. In response to these pressing issues, this study introduced an automated logistics warehouse system that incorporated stackable bidirectional infinite-loop modules and employed a pre-transfer method. Extensive simulations rigorously validated the feasibility and effectiveness of this system, affirming its substantial capacity to enhance spatial utilization and operational efficiency within warehouses. Consequently, this study not only offers solutions to streamline transfer device routes, optimize storage space, reduce workforce demands, and contribute to economic gains, but also addresses labor shortages and land scarcity challenges. The overarching objective of this study was to provide pragmatic strategies for effectively tackling the multifaceted challenges confronting the logistics industry.

Key features of product warehousing

Almost any business needs a warehouse to function. It all depends only on the scale: for some, a utility room is enough, while others will look for additional storage space even if they have areas measuring hundreds of thousands of square meters. Taking into account the specifics of the company’s activities and the need for warehouses, over the past 4 years, 5 of its own distribution centers have been built, and the rental of 6 warehouses in different regions continues. This article will discuss the main features of warehouse construction and its operation.

냉동창고 건설공사 화재예방시스템 개선에 관한 연구

The domestic logistics environment must provide services in real time, regardless of time and place, due to increased delivery volume, increased logistics warehouse functions, increased delivery speed, increased low-temperature products, and the 4th Industrial Revolution. In order to survive in this logistics environment, logistics companies and others are pursuing profits on a large scale and short construction periods as business survival strategies, so the exposure of risks to logistics warehouse construction is very serious. Among them, more than 1,000 fire accidents with very serious disaster intensity have continued to occur over the past 10 years since 2010, and fire accidents have caused dozens of lives and property damage of tens of billions of won every year. The purpose of this study is to reveal the problems of the fire prevention system of the frozen warehouse construction work through case analysis and related laws and literature that occurred in the construction of the frozen warehouse among the logistics warehouses and to suggest ways to improve them.
 The research method was to investigate and analyze fire status, accident cases (centered on accidents at frozen warehouses in Icheon, Gyeonggi-do in 2008), theoretical consideration such as 4M techniques, and suggest ways to improve the fire prevention system.
 Fire prevention mechanisms of 4M refrigeration warehouse construction were investigated. Fire control by unqualified firemen, fire monitors, and lack of management by supervisors existed mechanically. The construction method of fire prevention was improved S.H.P(Safety Hold Point) operation, replacement of frozen warehouse insulation with semi-non-combustible urethane foam, introducing a mandatory fire prevention education system, strengthening emergency simulation training, and finally operating a one-out system for those who do not fulfill fire prevention guidelines.
 While conducting this study, it was an opportunity to examine the seriousness of fire accidents in frozen warehouse construction work, and I hope that the measures proposed through this study will help prevent fire in frozen warehouse construction work.

Brine Leach Disposal in Offshore Warehouse Construction in Salt Cave

Brine Leach Disposal in Offshore Warehouse Construction in Salt Cave

Unregulated Warehouse Truck Traffic and Mitigating Community Noise Impacts

It seems that every year more and more warehouse construction, and the promise of more heavy truck traffic, is occurring across North America. And although U.S. Federal noise standards ensure mitigation of highway truck traffic, when necessary, they are not applicable to more heavy truck traffic on local roads associated with a new warehouse development. Furthermore, most local, and state noise regulations focus on stationary sources and typically do not include enforcement of prescribed noise limits for on-road trucks. And the development of new warehouse developments in suburban and rural areas has amplified community concerns of noise (and air quality) associated with heavy truck traffic on local roads. This paper will include a discussion of the sources of sound associated with a typical new warehouse development, which sources are most concerning to suburban and rural communities based upon recent experiences, how they are typically regulated, what sound level metrics can be used for evaluating those sources, how they can be modeled and mitigated, and how a proactive approach to noise mitigation can lead to the successful approval of a new warehouse project and consensus of the community.

Computational analysis of structure manufactured by means of the steel framing system. Case study: industrial warehouse

A study is carried out between the traditional system of industrial warehouse construction, which is characterized using hot-rolled steel profiles, in comparison with the Steel Framing system, which uses low-thickness cold-formed steel profiles. Although the low-thickness profiles used in Steel Framing may generate mistrust, these profiles work by shape and not by mass. Steel Framing being a modern system, in our region it is not easy to find industrial warehouse constructed with low-thickness cold-formed steel profiles for the main and secondary elements, so this study not only focuses on the constructive aspects, but also contributes to understand the physical response of the Steel Framing system to different loads. Between the two mentioned systems, the seismic-resistant design of the industrial structure is also included to first check if it is possible to use the Steel Framing system in medium industrial warehouse, located in highly seismic areas, such as the coastal region of Ecuador. It has been proven that the Steel Framing system is resistant to high winds, earthquakes and other loads that are established in national and international regulations, and we proved that taking advantage of the effective properties of cold-formed profiles increases their resistance The results of drifts demonstrate the seismic resistance of the system, with the value of 0.00107 being the maximum value of inelastic drift obtained in the X direction, which represents only 5.37% of the value allowed in the standard.

Effective technologies and practices for reducing pollution in warehouses - A review

This article examines the challenges of implementing the United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2050 green initiative for warehouse management and operation and highlights a gap in the literature on specific strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution in warehousing and logistics operations. A four-step review process was used to analyze 75 recent research articles on environmental sustainability, smart energy consumption and warehouse green practices. Warehouse building configuration and operation were reviewed to identify critical environmental issues, along with green industrial building legislation in the European Union, the United States and Asia. This study found that increasing warehouse construction and renovations are worsening pollution and industrial waste production, while space demand in the United States will reach 560 × 106 by 2025. Findings showed that packaging waste from warehouses accounted for 12% of the 146.1 × 106 t of municipal solid waste in the United States landfills in 2018 and the industry's growth is increasing indoor and outdoor air pollution. Warehouses' energy consumption is also worsening due to their energy needs. This article proposes green warehouse practices and technologies as potential solutions to mitigate the environmental effects of the industry's growth. Legislation is needed to solve many warehousing issues as global e-commerce grows for better consumer accountability demands and efficiency gains.

DETECTING SUPPLIER PAYMENT ERRORS AND FRAUD USING A DATA WAREHOUSE AUDIT APPROACH

ABSTRACT This study provides management, accountants, and auditors with immediately applicable knowledge on supplier payment error discovery using a data warehouse. Despite the universality of supplier payment processing across government and non-government sectors, the associated error risks have received little attention in the academic literature and only limited attention in the practitioner literature. This paper seeks to articulate the data mining methods needed to perform such audits. A case study approach was used to analyze 15 client auditees in five countries using a variety of accounts payable systems. Action research methodology brought rigor to the development of incremental knowledge of error hypotheses and detection techniques. In this way, the prior knowledge gained from each case enriched the subsequent iterations. Even among clients whose management presumed human and system controls were robust, findings showed an average 0.19 percent error rate in payments to suppliers. These were mostly recoverable as cash refunds or credit notes. The audit cost-to-benefit ratio averaged 1:33, suggesting clients received financial returns 33 times higher than the cost of the audit, on average. Concurrently, internal controls were also hardened in accounts payable, tax compliance, and fraud prevention to secure additional future cost savings. Besides material cash recoveries and the occasional discovery of fraud, incremental lessons were also learned in data warehouse construction, data cleansing, privacy assurance, and tax compliance.

Spatial Data Warehouse Modeling at the Watershed Scale. Part 1: Design Aspects

Gathering, analyzing and synthesizing large and complex sets of hydraulic, terrestrial, atmospheric, biological and socio-economic data are critical for any decision making process in the water sector. This paper aims to propose a practical approach for increasing the effectiveness of sustainable management of water resources within Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) framework and climate change context. The article advocates that the designed Decision Support System (DSS) is a prerequisite in proper IWRM. In fact, it offers a dedicated management system, to assist decision makers and policy makers of water in providing timely, well informed and reproducible answers to important questions, as well as transforming data into knowledge and understandable results through innovative techniques. However, to provide a Decision Support System allowing both access to geographic data needed for IWRM and steering business processes through reliable indicators, it is imperative that the system must be able to combine the geographic information system technology with Business Intelligence, so called Geo-BI (Geo-Business Intelligence). To this end, this paper presents a study that revolves around the concept of Geo-BI and aims to model a Multidimensional Decision Support System, which is a part of an extensive process of spatial data warehouse construction.

Construction Technology of Pretension Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Structure of Multi-storey Logistics Warehouse

At present, there is a problem of too much prestress loss in the construction of multi-layer logistics warehouses in China. To meet the quality requirements of the project, this paper puts forward the research on the construction technology of pretension prestressed reinforced concrete structure of multi-layer logistics warehouse. The loss of prestress in the construction process can be effectively controlled by incorporating pre-tensioning technology into the construction process, placing prestressed tendons, and tensioning operations. Taking a logistics warehouse construction project as the construction object, using the construction technology designed in this paper to construct, the experiment proves that the construction technology of the pretension prestressed reinforced concrete structure of the multi-layer logistics warehouse proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the prestress loss caused by the instability of the construction structure, and can effectively improve the construction quality of the multi-layer logistics warehouse. This shows that the application and practice of pretension prestressing technology in the construction process of reinforced concrete structures has a positive reference significance, which can meet the needs of green engineering such as energy saving and emission reduction, and also provide a positive reference value for the construction technology of multi-layer logistics warehouse.

Development of a Risk-Control Safety Program as an Architectural Contractor Guideline on Flats Project

Construction Safety Planning is an element in the CSMS (Construction Safety Management System), which needs to be developed by the Contractor. Irrespective of this condition, the guidelines for preparing a safety program have not been appropriately disseminated by the project owner. This shows that many contractors are yet to appropriately implement the construction safety program. Therefore, this study aims to develop a safety program for Indonesian flat projects, especially architectural work. A qualitative method and secofndary data were used and obtained from a literature review, respectively. This was to determine the breakdown structure of architecture, which was then identified by hazards and operational risks. These processes led to the acquisition of the risk control used in preparing safety program targets, regarding resource analysis. The results showed that the resources needed in this architectural program included safety signs, PPE, warehouse construction, and transportation carts, which should be completed before work inception. In this case, an individual needs to be responsible for all the operational processes, namely the Safety Inspector/Supervisory Officer. These results are expected to be used as a guideline for contractors and project owners, to prepare a safety program and monitor the implementation of CS (construction safety).

PC(Precast Concrete)생산품질 확보를 통한 안전관리 개선에 관한 연구

On 16th of November 2021, the PC slab had been fallen out and dropped to approximately 10M downstairs slab during the PC slab concrete pouring work on the rooftop floor of new logistics warehouse construction in Hwaseoung, Gyeonggi-do, and this accident was mainly caused by the bending fracture of concrete since the weaker strength of the upper compressed concrete compared to the tensile strength of central lower parts failed to withstand the high stress of upper topping concrete pouring. For the investigation of root-cause for above mentioned accident, the design compressive strength had been tested by utilizing the core sampling(extracting) method for the PC slab which was fallen out while pouring topping concrete, and as a result, the average compressive strength of three(3) concrete specimens collected from the relevant member through the destructive test was observed as 21.7MPa (No.1 – 20.6MPa, No.2 – 18.1MPa, No.3 – 26.5 MPa) which is only 55% level of the design compressive strength of 40MPa. The main cause that the average compressive strength was observed at about 55% level of the design compressive strength of 40MPa is the failure to comply with the required standard/specification for steam curing during the PC production processing. The required conditions to be complied for the steam curing are 60±10℃(Max. 80℃ or less) of curing temperature, 20℃/h or less of temperature rise rate and shall be managed by the concrete maturity, however, it was reported as a result of investigating the PC manufacturer that the strength had not reached to the standard strength before the mold deformation due to the steam curing with low temperature condition at opened space. The logistics warehouses have been continuously requested to be expanded after COVID-19 Pandemic, and the demand of PC which has merit in logistics warehouse construction work has been rapidly increasing. As a result, the operation rate of PC manufacturers currently reaches the maximum production limit, instead, PCs have been indiscriminately produced at small workplaces which have not able to satisfy the design compressive strength, construction quality and safety requirements. In the current situation, the construction site and workers are exposed to the potential risk of falling accidents since any relevant law or regulation on non-securing quality requirements such as the compressive strength is not stipulated yet. For this reason, the PC products with secured quality requirements shall delivered and construction safety management shall be improved by implementation of PC Factory Certification System at the earliest. For the purpose of this study, the PC factory certification system should be introduced, the research method was selected based on PC drop accidents and domestic and international operational cases of each country's certification system.

A GRAIN CENTRE ON THE COAST OF THE DANUBE RIVER IN THE 18TH CENTURY: ISACCEA WAREHOUSES

Osmanlı Devleti, Tuna Nehri’nin kıyısında bulunan verimli arazilerden, Eflâk ve Boğdan’dan satın aldığı hububatı ihtiyaç durumunda kullanılmak üzere İsakçı ambarlarında depoladı. Tuna’nın geçilmesi en kolay yerinde bulunan İsakçı’dan gemilere hububat kolaylıkla yüklenebilmekteydi. İsakçı’nın bu özelliği iskele yakınında pek çok ambarın yapılmasını sağladı. XVIII. yüzyıl boyunca İsakçı’da tahrip olan, yeniden inşası gereken ya da hububat depolamada yetersiz gelen ambarların inşa faaliyetleri süreklilik arz etti. Ambar inşası bölgede pek çok insan için ekonomik bir kaynak oldu ve bu inşa faaliyetleri yoğun bir organizasyonu beraberinde getirdi. Bu çalışma XVIII. yüzyılda İsakçı’daki ambar inşa faaliyetleri hakkında bilgi vermekte ve burada stoklanan hububatın sınırda özellikle Rus tehdidi altındaki Karadeniz kalelerine gönderilmesi üzerinde durmaktadır. Böylelikle devletin sınırları koruma altına alırken iaşe anlamında askerin sıkıntı çekmesinin önüne geçmek için yoğun bir çaba içinde olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.