Wall Color Research Articles

Domain Wall Color Code.

We introduce the domain wall color code, a new variant of the quantum error-correcting color code that exhibits exceptionally high code-capacity error thresholds for qubits subject to biased noise. In the infinite bias regime, a two-dimensional color code decouples into a series of repetition codes, resulting in an error-correcting threshold of 50%. Interestingly, at finite bias, our color code demonstrates thresholds identical to those of the noise-tailored XZZX surface code for all single-qubit Pauli noise channels. The design principle of the code is that it introduces domain walls which permute the code's excitations upon domain crossing. For practical implementation, we supplement the domain wall code with a scalable restriction decoder based on a matching algorithm. The proposed code is identified as a comparably resource-efficient quantum error-correcting code highly suitable for realistic noise.

Morphological and Biochemical Changes in the Mediterranean Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera latipons) during Diapause.

The cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera latipons) is becoming an economically important species in global cereal production as it is being identified in many new cereal cultivated areas and causes significant losses. Consequently, understanding its biology becomes crucial for researchers in identifying its vulnerabilities and implementing effective control measures. In the current study, different morphological and biochemical changes of H. latipons cysts containing eggs with infective juveniles from a barley field in Jordan were studied during the summer of 2021, at two sample dates. The first, at the harvest of the cereal crop (June 2021), when the infective second-stage juveniles (J2s) were initiating diapause, and the second, before planting the sequent cereal crop (late October 2021), when the J2s were ending diapause. The studied population was characterized morphologically and molecularly, showing 98.4% molecular similarity to both JOD from Jordan and Syrian "300" isolates of H. latipons. The obtained results and observations revealed that there were dramatic changes in all the investigated features of the cysts and eggs they contained. Morphological changes such as cyst color, sub-crystalline layer, and thickness of the rigid eggshell wall were observed. A slight change in the emergence time of J2s from cysts was observed without any difference in the number of emerged J2s. The results of biochemical changes showed that the total contents of carbohydrates, glycogen, trehalose, glycerol, and protein were higher in cysts collected in October when compared to those cysts collected in June. The SDS-PAGE pattern indicated the presence of a protein with the size of ca. 100 kDa in both sampling dates, whereas another protein (ca. 20 kDa) was present only in the cysts of October. Furthermore, the expression of trehalase (tre) gene was detected only in H. latipons collected in October. The outcomes of this study provide new helpful information that elucidates diapause in H. latipons and may be used for the implementation of new management strategies of cyst nematodes.

How do different seasonal environmental colors of highway tunnel entrances and dominant colors of portal walls affect the driver’s vehicle control ability?

The entrance section of the highway tunnel is a high-risk area for traffic accidents, and its traffic accident rate has significant seasonal differences. However, the dominant causes of this difference are still lacking in targeted research. On the other hand, due to the lack of a mature design system and normative guidance, the landscape design of tunnel entrances is more and more random, landscape elements tend to be complex, and color design tends to be diversified. The influence of tunnel entrance landscape design on driving behavior and its applicability in different seasonal environments needs to be studied. Given this, this study focused on two main variables − the typical seasonal environmental colors and different portal colors, and designed 12 schemes composed of three seasonal environments (green spring, golden yellow and red autumn, and white winter) and four portal colors (gray, blue, red, and tawny). Thirty subjects were invited to conduct a driving simulation experiment to study the influence of different seasonal environmental color characteristics and tunnel portal color on the amplitude and stability of driving behavior. The results show that the drivers’ behavior amplitude is large in spring and winter, and the traffic safety risk is relatively high. The typical color characteristics of the environment in different seasons are one of the reasons for the seasonal difference in the traffic accident rate. The driver’s operational stability is relatively poor in the autumn environment, which is related to the high scene complexity of the season. Compared with the grey portal scheme, the color design of the portal will increase the driver’s driving speed and the driving safety risk. However, its influence on the stability of driving behavior is bidirectional, and the color design coordinated with the environment can improve the stability of driving. When the portal is ready for landscape decoration, it is recommended to use a color scheme that is in harmony with the environment.

Capturing Initial Gaze Attraction in Branded Spaces Through VR Eye-Tracking Technology

This paper leverages recent strides in virtual reality (VR) technology to dissect user gaze patterns and initial responses in a VR-based in-store environment, with a focus on how visual elements impact attention in Human–Computer Interaction (HCI). Specifically, this exploratory study focuses on brand-centric components such as logos and colors, while also considering individual variables such as gender and design background. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines qualitative and quantitative tools. A VR-integrated eye-tracking system records how participants’ gaze behaves in a virtual retail environment. The study collects data from 50 participants in four scenarios: a control store (Case 1), introduction of the brand’s logo signage (Case 2), infusion of the brand’s primary color (Case 3), and a fusion of logo and color (Case 4). Two key eye-tracking metrics—time to first fixation (TTFF) and first fixation duration (FFD)—are harnessed to scrutinize gaze behavior across elements such as wall color, logo signage, wall display fixtures, and media screens. The research unearths statistically significant effects of visual elements on gaze behavior, with particular emphasis on TTFF and FFD. Gender disparities come to light in Cases 2, 3, and 4, affecting FFD on wall color (AOI 1) and TTFF on brand logo signage (AOI 2) in Case 2. Moreover, disparities in design background surface in Cases 1 and 3. Complementing the eye-tracking data and post-experiment interviews capture users’ initial gaze attraction and preferences, offering valuable insights into their rationale. In essence, this study underscores the transformative potential of VR technology and eye-tracking techniques in HCI and furnishes actionable insights for those seeking to elevate brand recognition and consumer engagement within immersive virtual retail settings.

Wall-Cor Net: wall color replacement via Clifford chance-based deep generative adversarial network

Wall-Cor Net: wall color replacement via Clifford chance-based deep generative adversarial network

Unveiling the mechanism of diachronic changes and regional characteristics differences in the built environment of traditional villages from the perspective of color data: evidence from Macheng City, China

Traditional villages hold a vital place in Chinese vernacular built heritage continuation with their colors being a significant constituent of the built environment. While digital technology has advanced our understanding of built environment, current research pays little attention on how color influences the environment, often overlooking temporal changes and regional differences, especially neglects color protection measures. This study establishes an diachronic image dataset using national traditional villages in Macheng City, Hubei Province. By using of K-Means and CIEDE2000 algorithms, we analyze color characteristics differences among 4 regions in Macheng City in 2022. And, we select five year’ s diachronic image data of Dongyuan Village (2017–2022) to elucidate the color changes mechanisms. The results show that: (1) Elements influenced by the government, construction techniques dissemination, and environmental factors exhibit regional similarity, while the color of wall differs significantly. Specifically, K-Means values for northern and eastern wall elements indicate light brown tones [RGB: (159, 151, 136), (163, 159, 147)], whereas southwestern and central wall elements exhibit distinct colors, including grayish brown [RGB: (132, 127, 119)] and light yellow [RGB: (190, 182, 161)], respectively. (2) Dongyuan Village underwent color corrections in accordance with government policies, resulting in a shift from blue [RGB: (138, 154, 213)] to yellow [RGB: (223, 206, 196)] for the walls and a gradual unification of road colors into light gray [RGB: (239, 238, 243)]. This initiative led to increased consistency with government guidelines, and the color data stabilized with minimal changes in the surrounding environment. This study enhances our comprehension of traditional village color and regional characteristics changes, contributing to effective measures for the preservation of these culturally significant built heritage.

Light-environment interactions and integrative lighting design: Connecting visual, non-visual and energy requirements in a case study experiment

Beyond vision, light influences human circadian rhythms and buildings' energy consumption. Design solutions are needed to satisfy visual and circadian requirements while minimizing lighting energy demands. By reflecting the incident radiation, inner surfaces influence spatial and spectral light distribution, affecting the energy needed to achieve task illuminance and light-induced circadian response. Here, the walls' spectral characteristics' impact on the overall luminous environment and power demands is analysed in a test room, combining seven walls' colours and three sources' correlated colour temperatures (CCTs). Hence, the luminaires are set to meet visual needs: eye level spectral irradiances are measured, and light-induced circadian responses are obtained regarding both circadian stimulus (CS) and melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance (mel-EDI). It is found that both parameters are higher for highly reflective walls or those most reflective in the short-wavelength interval, being insufficient for proper circadian stimulation according to current guidelines. For all colours, the highest mel-EDIs occur with 6000 K CCT and the lowest for 3000 K CCT. On the contrary, CSs are generally higher for 6000 K and lower for 4000 K. Second, the power demands necessary to meet circadian requirements are calculated. With warm sources, sufficient CS and mel-EDI values are achieved for similar eye-level illuminance, requiring similar light outputs and power demands regardless of the wall's colour. In all the other cases, the light outputs and the corresponding power demands to achieve mel-EDI = 136 lx are much lower than those to reach CS = 30%, while those to achieve mel-EDI = 250 lx are quite always the highest.

Vehicle Driving Safety of Underground Interchanges Using a Driving Simulator and Data Mining Analysis

In the process of driving in an underground interchange, drivers are faced with many challenges, such as being in a closed space, visual changes alternating between light and dark conditions, complex road conditions in the confluence section, and dense signage, which directly affect the safety and comfort of drivers in an underground interchange. Thus, driving simulation, building information modeling (BIM), and data mining were used to analyze the impact of underground interchange safety facilities on driving safety and comfort. Acceleration disturbance and steering wheel comfort loss values were used to assist the comfort analysis. The CART algorithm, classification decision trees, and neural networks were used for data mining, which uses a dichotomous recursive partitioning technique where multiple layers of neurons are superimposed to fit and replace very complex nonlinear mapping relationships. Ten different scenarios were designed for comparison. Multiple linear regression combined with ANOVA was used to calculate the significance of the control variables for each scenario on the evaluation index. The results show that appropriately reducing the length of the deceleration section can improve driving comfort, setting reasonable reminder signs at the merge junction can improve driving safety, and an appropriate wall color can reduce speed oscillation. This study indicates that the placement of traffic safety facilities significantly influences the safety and comfort of driving in underground interchanges. This study may provide support for the optimization of the design of underground interchange construction and internal traffic safety facilities.

Design of Pediatric Outpatient Procedure Environments: A Pilot Study to Understand the Perceptions of Patients and Their Parents.

To understand parent and child perception of spaces experienced during outpatient procedures and to measure their anxiety in these spaces. Same-day procedures are becoming prevalent among children in the United States. While studies conducted in different types of healthcare settings show that the physical environment influences healthcare experiences of patients, there is a lack of research on patient and family perceptions of the physical environment of the outpatient centers where such procedures are conducted. This study used ecological momentary assessment to collect patient experience and anxiety data at different points during the patient's journey through an ambulatory surgical center where pediatric gastrointestinal (GI) procedures were performed. Objective and subjective measures of anxiety were collected. A Qualtrics survey asked participants' perceptions about four spaces-waiting, preprocedure, procedure, and recovery. Child participants reported liking murals, double chairs, patient beds, wall color, and access to a television. They disliked medical equipment and lack of child-friendly furniture. Most parents liked the murals, access to a television, and nature photos, while disliking the lack of privacy, lack of toys in waiting areas, and lack of child-friendly furniture. On average, both children and parents experienced the highest anxiety levels before and during the procedure and the lowest during recovery. Between the four spaces, no significant differences were observed in the heart rate variability and skin conductance responses for both groups. Despite the outpatient nature of the procedures, participants experienced anxiety before the GI procedure. Comfortable design features that provide distractions are preferred by children and their parents.

The evaluation of the impact of computer classroom wall colors on students' perception in the context of color components

The evaluation of the impact of computer classroom wall colors on students' perception in the context of color components

Research on the digital protection and three-dimensional modeling technology of ancient buildings

Abstract The starting point of ancient architecture digitization and 3D reconstruction research is data acquisition. Thus, this paper mainly analyzes the processing of 3D laser scanning data and the construction accuracy of 3D reconstruction models of ancient buildings based on point cloud data. This paper discusses the basic theory of point cloud data and the preprocessing of point cloud data, including point cloud splicing, point cloud denoising, point cloud streamlining, point cloud segmentation, and other methods and applicability are discussed in detail. The boundary extraction algorithm based on RANSAC and the graph cut algorithm are utilized to obtain the main frame line of the building, and a proposed method for reconstruction based on multi-view projection is proposed. Classify laser point cloud samples from ancient buildings, calculate each wall color’s R, G, and B values, and obtain preliminary classifications of laser point cloud data categories. The RANSAC algorithm was used to extract the point cloud data plane extraction peak of the ancient tower building, combined with the three-dimensional modeling coordinate difference of the test points, to analyze the accuracy of the three-dimensional modeling technology of ancient buildings in this paper. The number of plane extraction points of the RANSAC algorithm is 9504, and the standard deviation is 0.0505, which is close to 0. The results are more accurate, and the extraction effect has a certain degree of superiority. The plane coordinate deviation of the reconstruction model of the ancient tower is mainly concentrated in the range of 0.10~0.40m, and the individual coordinate difference is more than 0.10m. The errors in the x -direction and y -direction are ±0.18m and ±0.23m, respectively, and it can be seen from the results of the error calculation that the three-dimensional reconstruction plan of the building proposed in this paper can complete the reconstruction of the three-dimensional model of the building with a high degree of accuracy.

Antibacterial Activities of Euphorbia hirta and Lantan camara Extracts on the Growth of Some Bacteria that Causes Banana Plant Disease

Bananas (Musa acuminata L.) are confronted with a number of challenges imposed by bacterial diseases which lead to huge yield losses. In order to improve the yields of the banana plantation, one of the recommended management strategies which would be inexpensive and environmentally friendly was developed. The objective of this study was to improve the sanitary state of banana plant. To achieve this objective, bacteria associated with the different banana organs were isolated on Nutrient Agar (culture medium) and their morphological identification was carried out based on the cultural characteristics and the colour of the bacterial walls observed under an optical microscope and using reference documents (bacteriological identification keys). Antibacterial activity of Lantana camara and Euphorbia hirta extracts were evaluated in vitro on agar medium aginst Xanthomonas campestris pv. Pseudomonas solanacearum and Ralstonia solanacearum. The results showed that the banana plant harbours a diversity of bacteria species, the most frequent being Ralstonia solanacearum as it was isolated from all infected organs. The yields of the equeous extacts of Euphorbia hirta and Lantana camara were particularly high (7% and 13%) respectively, compared to those of the ethanolic extracts which were lower. Aqueous extracts of Euphorbia hirta, at 50 mg/ml, had bactericidal activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas celebensis. Aqueous extracts of Lantana camara, at concentrations of 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, exhibited bactericidal activity against P. celebensis. Meanwhile, the ethanolic extracts of L. camara, at 50 mg/ml had bacteriostatic activity against the development of P. celebensis. Ethanolic extracts of E. hirta had bactericidal activity on the growth of Xanthomonas campestris at 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. The same activity was obtained with P. celebensis at 50 mg/ml. These results suggest that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the tested plants at high concentrations could be used as alternatives to chemical products in the fight against banana diseases especially Xanthomonas, Pseudomonas and Ralstonia. Hence further studies need to be undertaken in order to isolate the active compounds from these extracts with bactericidal potential.

The influence of multisensory indoor environment on the perception of orange juice

Drinking (as well as eating) represents a fundamental multisensory experience of our lives. Recent studies have proposed the implementation of multisensory contexts to improve the taste perception of food and beverages. This topic becomes relevant when considering the possibility of promoting the consumption of healthy beverages (e.g., orange juice). Only a few studies have concentrated on the multisensory features of the indoor environment (e.g., acoustic and visual context) reporting effects on the perception of healthy beverages. This study investigates how multisensory indoor environments modify the taste perception while drinking orange juice. By controlling the room microclimate and combining the correlated colour temperature of lighting (i.e. warm and cool) and the background wall colour (i.e., red, green) in the Sens i-Lab, with different audio stimuli (i.e. low and high-frequency pure tone), participants were invited to taste the low-sugar orange juice and to rate the fruit juice aroma, sweetness, sourness, bitterness, freshness, and thickness. The results showed that listening to a high-frequency tone in an environment with warm lighting and a red background increases the sweetness perception of orange juice compared to the control environment. In addition, compared to the control condition, the juice aroma was rated more intense in almost all multisensory conditions and thicker with cool lighting and a green background while listening to a low-frequency tone. Our findings suggested that the development of multisensory design can contribute to interior design strategies and design innovation in food architecture, where people can improve their taste in healthy foods and beverages.

Comparative analysis of conventional and modern high-rise hotels in Penang based on hourly simulation of cooling load performance using DesignBuilder

The study examines the energy efficiency performance of hotel façades in relation based on the annual cooling energy consumption simulation. In achieving the objective, two case studies of high-rise city hotels are selected within the locality of Penang, Malaysia. The case studies are selected based on the year of construction coupled with the architectural styles encompassing conventional and modern design of hotel facades. In the traditional design of hotel facades, passive design elements including proper selection of window and wall materials alongside window-to-wall ratio (WWR) are less significant. Comparatively, elements of passive design in the modern hotel facades are notable. In assessing the thermal performance of the hotel façade, a case study of the conventional and modern high-rise city hotels in Penang are selected to undergo hourly cooling load simulation of hotel guestroom using the DesignBuilder program in establishing the hotel’s energy efficiency performance. The findings revealed, the average annual cooling energy of the conventional and modern high-rise city hotel guestroom is 553 kWh/m2 and 538 kWh/m2 respectively. The study concludes the elements of passive design including WWR, window material selection, and external wall colour are crucial in determining energy efficient hotel operations.

Modern methods of assessing the viability of the intestinal wall (review)

AIM: to highlight modern methods of assessing the viability of the intestinal wall.MATERIALS AND METHODS: the search was made using electronic databases. We explored multiple sources, including, but not limited to, monographs, journal articles, books and websites.RESULTS: despite recent advances in scientific methods and technologies, currently the visual method remains the most popular for assessing the viability of the intestinal wall, which includes parameters such as color of the intestinal wall, peristalsis, and arterial pulsation.CONCLUSION: it would be fair to conclude that such methods as hyperspectral imaging, multimodal coherent tomography provide greater flexibility and details on the intestinal viability. However, further research is needed to determine their value in clinical practice. To the date, the most studied and applied method is fluorescent angiography, which allows to assess the viability of the intestine for most of its length.

Effect of Wall Colors and Usage Rates on The Perception of Interior Spaces

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of colors and the usage rates in interior spaces on the spatial perceptions of users. With this objective, a living space was designed in a manner that would have three different colors (warm, neutral, and cool) and usage rates at 10%, 50%, and 100% and digital visuals were prepared. A total of 233 subjects participated in the research questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed. In conclusion, it was determined that the living spaces which were colored at a low rate were perceived more positively according to the Semantic Differentiation Scales compared to the completely colored spaces. The spaces where warm and cool colors were used at the rate of 10% were perceived as more spacious and beautiful compared to the spaces where colors were used at the rates of 50% and 100%, whereas it was observed that when the values received were from positive to negative, they were listed in the form of 10% > 50% > 100%. Despite this, it was determined that the spaces where warm colors were used at the rates of 50% and 100% were perceived as more informal. Furthermore, it was observed that the differences in the colors used on the walls and the usage rates were changing according to gender and professions. Accordingly, it was determined that especially females and interior architects preferred, even more, the spaces with warm colors having a low usage rate.

Does dinocyst wall composition really reflect trophic affinity? New evidence from ATR micro-FTIR spectroscopy measurements.

Attenuated total reflection (ATR) microscope Fourier transform infrared (micro-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to investigate the dinosporin composition in the walls of modern, organic-walled dinoflagellate resting cysts (dinocysts). Variable cyst wall compositions were observed, which led to the erection of four spectrochemical groups, some with striking similarities to other resistant biomacromolecules such as sporopollenin and algaenan. Furthermore, possible proxies derivable from the spectrochemical composition of modern and fossil dinocysts were discussed. The color of the dinocyst walls was reflected in the spectral data. When comparing that color with a standard and the results of a series of bleaching experiments with oxidative agents, eumelanin was assigned as a likely pigment contributing to the observed color. Following this assignment, the role of eumelanin as an ultraviolet sunscreen in colored dinocysts was hypothesized, and its implications on the autofluorescence and morphological preservation of dinocysts were further discussed. Unlike what had previously been assumed, it was shown that micro-FTIR data from dinocysts cannot be used to unambiguously infer trophic affinities of their associated cells. Finally, using methods with high spatial resolutions (synchrotron transmission micro-FTIR and optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy), it was shown that dinocyst wall layers are chemically homogenous at the probed scales. This study fills a large knowledge gap in our understanding of the chemical nature of dinocyst walls and has nuanced certain assumptions and interpretations made in the past.

Factors causing Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Sikka District, East Nusa Tenggara Province

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by infection of the Dengue virus. The incidence of Dengue Fever in Sikka District is the highest in East Nusa Tenggara Province and even in Indonesia at the beginning of 2020. The condition of DHF occurrence in Sikka District is designated as an Extraordinary Event (EE). This study aims to identify some factors including the home environment, biological environment, and social environment that might lead to the occurrence of DHF in Sikka Regency and to determine the risk of a person getting DHF based on the factors. There were 170 respondents from the community of Sikka Regency, where 85 of them have suffered from DHF while the other 85 have never had DHF. The instrument used was a questionnaire containing 22 questions that have been tested for validity and reliability. This is a quantitative study, where the analytical method used is the logistic regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the factors that affect a person suffering from DHF are the size of the house, the color of the walls of the house, the habit of draining water reservoirs, the habit of using mosquito repellent, and the participation in cleaning mosquito nests. Based on the value of the odds ratio, it is known that a person with a house area of 36 m2 is more at risk of contracting dengue fever than someone with a house area of 36 m2. Likewise, households that did not participate in cleaning mosquito nests were compared to those who did participate. It is also found that house members who have light wall colors, have a habit of draining water reservoirs, and have a habit of using mosquito repellent are more at risk of contracting DHF than family members whose walls are dark in color, do not have the habit of draining water reservoirs, and do not participate in cleaning mosquito nests.

ANALISIS PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KEMBALI DI KAYU KAYU RESTAURANT ALAM SUTERA

ANALISIS PENGARUH STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KEMBALI DI KAYU KAYU RESTAURANT ALAM SUTERA

How salutogenic workplace characteristics influence psychological and cognitive responses in a virtual environment

Until today, most research focussed on the effects of pathogenic workplace demands on employee illness instead of on salutogenic resources on health. Using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual open-plan office, this study identifies key design aspects that enhance psychological and cognitive responses, ultimately improving health outcomes. The study systematically varied six workplace attributes: screens between workstations, occupancy rate, presence of plants, views outside, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and colour palette. Each attribute predicted perceptions of at least one psychological or cognitive state. Plants had the highest relative importance for all expected responses but views outside with ample daylight, red/warm wall colours, and a low occupancy rate without screens between desks were also important. Low-cost interventions like adding plants, removing screens, and using warm wall colours can contribute to a healthier open-plan office environment. These insights can guide workplace managers to design environments that support employees’ mental states and health. Practitioner summary: Salutogenic workplace resources that promote health have been understudied. This study aimed to show which workplace characteristics caused positive psychological and cognitive responses to improve health, using a stated-choice experiment in a virtual office environment. Plants in the office were the most important attribute for employees’ psychological and cognitive responses.