Waist Circumference In Females Research Articles

Associations between Essential Amino Acid Intake and Functional Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2018

BackgroundThe relationships between habitual essential amino acid (EAA) intake and body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in older US adults are not well defined. ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study evaluated associations between usual EAA intakes and body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in US adults ≥65 y. MethodsThe Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2001–2018 was linked to the US Department of Agriculture Standard Reference database to access existing amino acid composition data for FNDDS ingredients. FNDDS ingredients without existing amino acid composition data were matched to similar ingredient codes with available data. Usual EAA, leucine, lysine, and sulfur-containing amino acid (SAA; methionine + cysteine) intakes (g/d) from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2018 were calculated for individuals ≥65 y (n = 10,843). Dependent variables included muscle strength measured by isometric grip test, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured appendicular lean mass and whole-body fat mass, and self-reported physical function (that is, tasks of daily living). Regression analyses were used to determine covariate-adjusted relationships between EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intake and functional health outcomes. P < 0.0013 was considered significant. ResultsEAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intakes, covaried with physical activity level and usual protein intake, were not associated with muscle strength or self-reported physical function in males or females or with body composition in males. EAA intakes were positively associated with waist circumference in females (β ± SEM, 2.1 ± 0.6 cm, P = 0.0007). Lysine intakes were positively associated with BMI (3.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and waist circumference (7.0 ± 1.7 cm, P = 0.0001) in females. ConclusionsHabitual EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intakes, covaried with physical activity level and usual protein intake, were not associated with lean mass, muscle strength, or physical function in adults ≥65 y. However, EAA intakes, particularly lysine, were positively associated with measures of adiposity in older females.This trial was registered with the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/25V63) as osf.io/25v63).

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and body composition.

The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) evaluates cardiopulmonary function. In light of the obesity epidemic, it is important to understand how body composition affects interpretation of CPET results. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between CPET measures, other than peak oxygen uptake, and body composition. A total of 330 participants, aged 50 years, performed both a CPET and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). From the CPET, peak exercise respiratory exchange ratio (RER), ventilatory efficiency (V̇ E/V̇ CO2 slope) and work efficiency (ΔV̇ O2 /ΔWR) were recorded. Pearson's correlation was used to assess the association between CPET measures and selected body composition measures, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass, lean mass, body fat percentage and percentage trunk fat to fat mass. All analyses were done stratified by sex. A p-value <0.05 defined statistical significance. RER was negatively correlated with body composition measures; the strongest correlation was observed with waist circumference in females (r= -0.36). V̇ E/V̇ CO2 slope had no significant correlations with any body composition measures. ΔV̇ O2 /ΔWR was positively correlated with the body composition measures; the strongest correlation was observed with BMI (r=0.24). The additive role of percentage body fat and percentage trunk fat were studied in a linear regression model using waist circumference and BMI to predict the aforementioned CPET measures and no additive role was found. RER and ΔV̇ O2 /ΔWR may be influenced by body composition while V̇ E/V̇ CO2 slope is not affected. Adiposity measures from DXA add no additional explanatory value to the CPET measures.

Association of Uroguanylin, Body Mass Index, and Waist Circumference: Sex Differences and Obesity Implications among a Sample of Iraqi Adults in Baghdad City

ABSTRACT This research investigates the gender-specific associations of uroguanylin levels with various health-related parameters in Iraqi adults. The results revealed significant differences between genders in food style preferences and waist circumference (WC) risk. Notably, uroguanylin exhibited distinct correlations with low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and WC in females and males, indicating potential gender-specific effects on lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and adiposity. A total of 140 Iraqi adults (73 females and 67 males) were recruited into the study. Physical activity levels, food style preferences, WC risk, and BMI subgroups, were compared between genders. Additionally, participants’ characteristics, including age, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and uroguanylin concentrations, were analyzed. Significant gender differences were observed in food style preferences, with a higher proportion of males preferring fast food, with a greater percentage of females classified as having a high risk, females exhibited lower height and weight compared to males. HbA1c levels were significantly lower in females, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly higher in females than in males. Uroguanylin concentrations were also significantly lower in females compared to males. Uroguanylin shows a moderately negative correlation with LDL cholesterol in females but not in males. Furthermore, a strong negative association between uroguanylin and HbA1c in females indicated improved glycemic control with higher uroguanylin levels, whereas an opposite trend was observed in males. No significant association was observed between uroguanylin and BMI in females, a significant positive correlation was found in males. For WC, a weak negative correlation was noted in females, whereas a moderately negative correlation was observed in males. These contrasting correlations imply potential gender-specific effects of uroguanylin on adiposity and body fat distribution.

Analysis of Blood Pressure and Ventilation Efficiency in Different Types of Obesity Aged 40-60 Years by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test.

PurposeThis study investigated blood pressure and ventilation efficiency by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) in different types of obesity aged 40–60 years.Material and MethodsThe inclusion criteria of this cross-sectional study were adults aged 40–60 years underwent health checks. CPX was measured according to the relevant standards. According to different body mass index (BMI), there were 3 groups, BMI<24 (kg/m2), 24≤BMI<28 (kg/m2) and BMI≥28 (kg/m2). There were two groups in male, waist circumference≥90 (cm) and waist circumference<90 (cm). Similarly, there were two groups in female, waist circumference≥85 (cm) and waist circumference<85 (cm).ResultsThere were 543 individuals (64.6% male and 35.4% female) aged 40–60 years in this study. The resting blood pressure (BP) and peak BP have the significant differences in different BMI groups (p < 0.001) and male or female groups (p < 0.001). However, the resting DBP (77.70±9.45 vs 81.16±8.80, p < 0.001) and peak DBP (85.67±10.21 vs 89.03±9.94, p = 0.002) have the significant differences in different male waist circumference groups, and the resting BP (SBP 113.76±14.29 vs 121.86±15.54, p = 0.001, DBP 71.95±10.83 vs 77.27±11.42, p = 0.005) has the significant differences in different female waist circumference groups. Carbon dioxide Ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) has the significant differences in different male waist circumference groups (26.84±3.10 vs 27.68±2.93, p = 0.009), but it has not the significant differences in different BMI groups and different female waist circumference groups. The oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) is slightly higher in female group than male group (0.93±0.15 vs 0.89±0.15, p = 0.001). Breathing reserve has the statistical significance in BMI ≥28 group compared with the BMI <24 group (0.52±0.13 vs 0.46±0.17, ηp2=0.021).ConclusionWe found that the blood pressure and ventilation efficiency of CPX were different between the obesity and normal. This will provide a basis for accurate cardiopulmonary assessment of obesity.

UniStArt: A 12-Month Prospective Observational Study of Body Weight, Dietary Intake, and Physical Activity Levels in Australian First-Year University Students.

Background: Students in the United States gain weight significantly during their first year of university, however limited data are available for Australian students. Methods: This 12-month observational study was conducted to monitor monthly body weight and composition, as well as quarterly eating behaviours, dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behaviours, and basal metabolic rate changes amongst first-year Australian university students. Participants were first-year university students over 18 years. Results: Twenty-two first-year university students (5 males and 17 females) completed the study. Female students gained weight significantly at two, three, and four-months (+0.9 kg; +1.5 kg; +1.1 kg, p < 0.05). Female waist circumference (2.5 cm increase at three-months, p = 0.012), and body fat also increased (+0.9%, p = 0.026 at three-months). Intakes of sugar, saturated fat (both >10% of total energy), and sodium exceeded recommended levels (>2000 mg) at 12-months. Greater sedentary behaviours were observed amongst male students throughout the study (p <0.05). Conclusions: Female students are at risk of unfavourable changes in body composition during the first year of university, while males are at risk of increased sedentary behaviours. High intakes of saturated fat, sugars, and sodium warrant future interventions in such a vulnerable group.

The impact of sex on blood pressure and anthropometry trajectories from early adulthood in a Nigerian population: insights into women’s cardiovascular disease risk across the lifespan

BackgroundSex disparities in blood pressure and anthropometry may account for differences in cardiovascular (CV) risk burden with advancing age; modulated by ethnic variability. We explored trajectories of blood pressures (BPs) and anthropometric indices with age on the basis of sex in an urban Nigerian population.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis on data from 5135 participants (aged 16–92 years; 2671(52%) females) from our population-based cross-sectional study of BP profiles. We utilized the WHO STEPS and standardized methods for documenting BPs, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Data was analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Spearman correlation analysis and mean difference in variables (with 95% confidence interval). We explored the influence of age and sex on BP profiles and specific anthropometric indices using generalized regression analysis.ResultsIn those aged 15–44 years, males had significantly higher systolic BP (SBP) and pulse pressure (PP). However, mean SBP and PP rose more steeply in females from 25 to 34 years, intersected with that of males from 45 to 54 years and remained consistently higher. Difference in mean BPs (95% Confidence Interval) (comparing < and > 45 years) was higher in females compared to males for SBP (17.4 (15.8 to 19.0) v. 9.2 (7.7 to 10.7), DBP (9.0 (7.9 to 10.1) v. 7.8 (6.7 to 8.9)), and PP (8.4 (7.3 to 9.5) v. 1.4 (0.3 to 2.5)). Females had significantly higher BMI and WC across all age groups (p < 0.001). Age more significantly correlated with BPs, BMI and WC in females. Interaction models revealed that SBP was significantly predicted by age category in females from (15–54 years), while DBP was only significantly predicted by age in the 15–34-year category (p < 0.01). BMI and WC were significantly predicted by age only in the 25–34-year category in females, (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur population demonstrates sex disparity in trajectories of SBP, PP, BMI and WC with age; with steeper rise in females. There is a need to focus on CV risk reduction in females, starting before, or during early adulthood.

Association between hypertriglyceridemic-waist phenotype and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a general population-based study

BackgroundHypertriglyceridemic-waist (HTGW) phenotype has been proposed as a practical tool for screening the risk of cardiovascular diseases and glycemic metabolic disease. This study sought to investigate the relationship between HTGW phenotype and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsA total of 14,251 subjects who took part in health screening were enrolled in the study and NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound. According to triglyceride (TG) and waist circumference, the study population was divided into four phenotypes, in which HTGW phenotype was defined as TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L and male waist circumference ≥ 90 cm or female waist circumference ≥ 80 cm. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between HTGW phenotype and NAFLD.ResultsIn the current study, 2.43% of the subjects had HTGW phenotype, while the prevalence of NAFLD in subjects with HTGW phenotype was 77.81%. After full adjustment for covariates, compared with people with normal waist circumference and TG levels, the risk of NAFLD in people with normal TG levels but enlarged waist circumference increased by 39% [OR:1.39, 95%CI: 1.15, 1.68], in people with normal waist circumference but elevated TG levels increased by 96% [OR:1.96, 95%CI: 1.65, 2.33], and in subjects with HTGW phenotype increased by 160% [OR:2.60, 95%CI: 1.88, 3.58]. Additionally, further analysis suggested that there were significant interactions between age, height, BMI and NAFLD risk associated with TGW phenotypes. Receiver operating characteristic curves analysis suggested that the combination of TG and waist circumference further improved the diagnostic value for NAFLD.ConclusionsHTGW phenotype is associated with NAFLD risk in the general population, which may be a novel and accessible indicator for NAFLD screening.

Associations between Essential Amino Acids and Functional Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2018

ObjectivesLittle is known about the relationships between habitual essential amino acid (EAA) intake and functional health in older US adults. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between usual EAA intakes and body composition, muscle strength, and physical function in US adults ≥65 y.MethodsThe Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) 2001–2018 was linked to USDA FoodData Central to access existing EAA composition data for FNDDS ingredients. FNDDS ingredients without existing EAA data were matched to similar ingredient codes with available EAA data. Usual intakes of EAA, leucine, lysine, and sulfur-containing AAs (SAA; methionine + cysteine) from NHANES 2001–2018 were calculated as relative [mg/kg ideal body weight (IBW)/d] and absolute (g/d) intakes for individuals ≥65 y (n = 10,843). Dependent variables were muscle strength measured by isometric grip test, BMI, waist circumference (WC), DXA-measured appendicular lean mass and whole-body fat mass, and self-reported physical function. Regression analyses were used to determine covariate-adjusted relationships between EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intake and functional health outcomes. P < 0.0013 was considered significant.ResultsAbsolute and relative EAA, leucine, lysine, and SAA intakes were not associated with muscle strength or self-reported physical function in males or females or with body composition in males. Absolute EAA intakes (per g) were associated with WC in females (β ± SEM, 2.1 ± 0.6 cm, P = 0.0007). Absolute lysine intakes (per g) were associated with BMI (3.0 ± 0.7 kg/m2, P < 0.0001) and WC (7.0 ± 1.7 cm, P = 0.0001) in females. Relative EAA, leucine, and lysine intakes (per mg/kg IBW) were associated with BMI (0.07 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.07, and 0.25 ± 0.04 kg/m2, respectively; P ≤ 0.0004 for all) and WC (0.18 ± 0.03, 0.81 ± 0.17, and 0.64 ± 0.10 cm, respectively; P < 0.0001 for all) in females. Relative lysine intakes (per mg/kg IBW) were associated with whole body fat mass (0.24 ± 0.07 kg, P = 0.0006) in females.ConclusionsEAA intakes, particularly lysine, were positively associated with measures of adiposity in women ≥65 y. Investigating sources of lysine intake may provide insight about which foods or food groups are driving this relationship.Funding SourcesIAFNS Protein Committee, USAMRDC, DoD Center Alliance for Nutrition and Dietary Supplements Research.

Parental imprisonment as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adolescent and adult offspring: A prospective Australian birth cohort study

ObjectivesParental imprisonment is linked with child health in later life. The present study provides the first prospective cohort analysis and non-U.S. based study examining parental imprisonment and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescence and adulthood. MethodsThe study followed 7,223 children born from live, singleton births from 1981 to 1984 in Brisbane, Australia. Data on parental imprisonment was collected at mother interview when the children were ages 5 and 14. Our sample analyzes offspring with biometric data collected by health professionals, including 3,794 at age 14, 2,136 at age 21, and 1,712 at age 30. Analyses used multivariate linear and logistic regression, and time-varying growth curve models. ResultsAmong female respondents, parental imprisonment at ages ≤5 was associated with higher body-mass index (BMI) at ages 14, 21, and 30; higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at age 30; and increased sedentary hours, larger waist circumference, and odds of a high-risk waist circumference at age 30. Parental imprisonment when the child was aged ≤14 was associated with increased BMI and SBP at age 30 for females. In growth-curve models, parental imprisonment when the child was aged ≤5 and ≤ 14 among females was linked with increased BMI; parental imprisonment when the child was aged ≤5 was associated with increased SBP and DBP. No significant associations were observed for males. ConclusionsUsing prospective cohort data, our results support research showing that parental imprisonment, particularly in early childhood, is associated with increased BMI, blood pressure, sedentary hours, and waist circumference in females in early adulthood. These findings implicate parental imprisonment as a risk factor for cardiometabolic health issues in later life among females.

Metabolic determinants of NAFLD in adults with type 1 diabetes

AimTo assess the main metabolic determinants of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods115 patients with T1D were divided into 4 groups according to NAFLD grade. NAFLD was diagnosed via transient elastography when CAP > 233 dB/m. Body composition was evaluated by Inbody720, Biospace. Serum lipids, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, hsCRP and HbA1c were evaluated at fasting. ResultsThe overall prevalence of NAFLD was 47% (n = 54). In the subgroup with BMI > 25 kg/m2 NAFLD prevalence was 66%; and positive family history of type 2 diabetes brought the risk up to 76%. 37% of the lean individuals also had NAFLD. HbA1c > 7% doubled the risk of NAFLD. Waist circumference > 82.5 cm was independently related to NAFLD, accounting for 24% of its variation in females. Accumulation of two and three metabolic syndrome (MetS) components, besides hyperglycemia, increased the risk of NAFLD by 14% (p < 0.0001) and 6% (p = 0.024), respectively. Lean NAFLD correlated with total insulin dose; NAFLD in overweight T1D patients correlated with triglycerides. ConclusionsNAFLD is highly prevalent in adults with T1D and obesity or other metabolic derangements and might be independently related to poor long-term glycemic control and waist circumference in females.

Relationship between sarcopenia and diabetic nephropathy

Introduction Sarcopenia is a generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass combined with reduced strength and/or physical performance. Diabetic patients are prone to accelerated aging process, and these individuals are at increased risk of sarcopenia at an early age. Aim To determine the relationship between sarcopenia and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Patients and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), comprising 19 patients with DN and 41 patients without nephropathy, and 40 healthy controls. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia criteria. Results Of 60 patients, 44 (73%) were females and 16 (27%) were males, and their ages ranged from 31 to 70 years, with mean±SD age of 55.4±10 years. Sarcopenia was detected in nine (15%) patients with DM versus only one (2.5%) patient in healthy controls. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 35% in patients with DN versus 5% in those without DN. Skeletal muscle index was positively correlated with BMI in both sexes and in waist circumference in females. Conclusion The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among diabetic patients with nephropathy than in those without nephropathy. Male sex and BMI are among the risk factors of sarcopenia in patients with DM.

The effect of metabolic syndrome on head and neck cancer incidence risk: a population-based prospective cohort study

BackgroundThere are limited evidences clarifying the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence risk. We explored the correlation between MS, MS components, and the combined effects of MS and C-reactive protein (CRP) and HNC risk.MethodsThis is a prospective analysis of 474,929 participants from the UK Biobank cohort. Cox proportional hazard regression was utilized to assess the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) and to explore the non-linear correlation between an individual MS component and HNC risk.ResultsIndividuals with MS (HR, 1.05; 95%CI, 0.90–1.22) had no higher HNC risk than those without MS. More MS components showed no higher HNC risk. Nevertheless, hyperglycemia (HR, 1.22; 95%CI, 1.02–1.45) was independently correlated with elevated HNC risk. In a non-linear manner, waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) showed a U-shaped association with HNC risk. Further, piecewise linear model analysis indicated that higher male waist circumference, female waist circumference (≥93.16 cm), blood glucose (≥4.70 mmol/L) and male HDL-C (≥1.26mmo/L), and lower male HDL-C (<1.26mmo/L) were correlated with higher HNC risk. Increased CRP (≥1.00mg/dL) elevated HNC risk and individuals with MS and CRP≥1.00mg/dL had the highest HNC risk (HR, 1.29; 95%CI, 1.05–1.58). But no joint effect between MS and CRP was detected (p-interaction=0.501).ConclusionsMS are not correlated with elevated HNC risk. High waist circumference and blood glucose are independent risk factor of HNC incidence. Controlling HDL-C in an appropriate range can get the lowest risk of male HNC. No joint effect of MS and CRP exists in HNC tumorigenesis.

TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF MADHAVIMOOLA (HIPTAGE BENGHALANSIS ROOT) AS STRI KATIBHAGA KSHEENAKA YOGA – A PILOT STUDY

Background: Obesity (Medo Roga) is a Kapha Pradhana, Atibrimhana Janya Vyadhi, where Shleshma Dosha seated in (Medodhatu). According to Ayurvedic perspective, it is clear that Kledaka Kapha, Sama-na-Vyana Vata, Pachaka Pitta, Medo Dhatu and Medodhatwagni are involved in the pathogenesis of Medo Roga1. The excessively increased Asthayi Medo Dhatu is Ama in nature, due to which it is retained in the body for a longer period resulting in further complications. For this Langhana treatment is mainly high-lighted in Grantha2. The challenging nature (relapsing) of the disease makes it difficult to be treated. Aim and Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of Madhavimoola in the reduc-tion of female waist circumference. Settings and Design: Single arm, Open Randomised clinical trial. Ma-terials and Methods: Here, Madhavimoola is selected for the study to evaluate its efficacy over female’s waist circumference, on 30 patients for 45 days on empty stomach with (Nisneha Takra) fat-free butter-milk, early in the morning, in single group. Results: The results were highly significant (p&lt;0.001) in the objective criteria  Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference, Waist-Hip Ratio, Weight, except than in BMI = 0.161. In subjective criteria Abdomen-Breast movements (Udara-Stana Chalatva) and symptom of weakness (Daurbalya) showed significant difference (p=0.016). Conclusion: The study showed good re-sults in reducing waist circumference (Katibhaga) in female subjects.

S0371 Proposed Mechanisms for Role of Nutrition Intervention on Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Symptoms and Pathogenesis: Preliminary Results of the NU-GERD Diet Study

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is an independent risk factor for GERD.The NU-GERD Diet Study is a prospective, randomized controlled pilot study designed to evaluate the efficacy of three dietary interventions on GERD symptoms.Secondary outcomes include assessment of breath SIBO status and metabolic profile for PPI dependent GERD patients. METHODS: Adult patients with GERD who are PPI dependent were recruited from an academic gastroenterology clinic for an 8-week diet intervention trial.Patients discontinued PPIs followed by a 2-week wash out period.Patients were then randomized to one of 3 dietary therapies previously describe and educated by GI RD.GERDQ assessed symptom severity at baseline and weeks 2-8. Anthropometrics (Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) were obtained. Participants in 2 of 3 diet arms self-collected hydrogen breath testing (HBT) samples (kits donated by Common Wealth Diagnostics International LLC) at home.Changes in mean scores for GERDQ, BMI, and WC were assessed via a series of paired t-Tests, changes in HBT status via z score for two proportions. Relationship between BMI, WC, and GERDQ score was evaluated with Pearson’s correlation. RESULTS: 22 participants enrolled in the study: 73% female, 82% Caucasian, mean age 44.1 (11.1) years.Both male WC (54.5 (13.2)) and female WC (38.8 (2.1)) inches exceeded sex-specific cutoff scores for optimal abdominal fat.45.5% were classified as “Obese” (BMI > 29) and 27.3% were “overweight” (BMI > 24). 54% (N = 11)had positive test (HBT+) at baseline.A significant reduction in BMI and WC at all time points (Table1).Average WC for males changed from 54.5 (13.2) in. at baseline to 53.08(13.3) at week 8, while the average WC in females declined from 38.8 (2.10) in. to 37.56 (2.24) in the same period.Reflux symptom severity significantly declined between weeks 2 and 8 (Week 2 mean: 6.64 (1.74) vs. Week 8 mean: 4.36 (2.17), P = .007).No significant differences existed for HBT + patients between weeks 2 and 8.Relationships did not exist between GERDQ and BMI, WC, or HBT + status. CONCLUSION: Secondary outcome analysis of NU-GERD Diet study finds improvements in visceral adiposity and metabolic profile across study diets. GERDQ did not correlate with metabolic profile changes in our study.GERD symptoms were also not associated with SIBO (i.e. HBT+).Due to small sample size, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Additional participants will explore if dietary intervention alone can alter SIBO status and symptoms.Table 1.: Changes in Metabolic Profile an HBT: NU-GERD Diet Study

Changes in distributions of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and waist-to-height ratio over an 18-year period among Chinese adults: a longitudinal study using quantile regression

BackgroundLittle is known about the long-term shifts in distributions of three abdominal-obesity-related indicators, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) among Chinese adults. Traditional mean regression models used in the previous analyses were limited in their ability to capture cross-distribution among effects. The current study aims to describe the shift in distribution of WC, WHpR, and WHtR over a period of 18 years (1993–2011) in China, and to reveal quantile-specific associations of the three indicators with key covariates.MethodsLongitudinal data from seven waves of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys (CHNS) in 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011 were analyzed. The LMS method was used to illustrate the gender-specific quantile curves of WC, WHtR and WHpR over age. Separate gender-stratified longitudinal quantile regressions were employed to investigate the effect of important factors on the trends of the three indicators.ResultsA total of 11,923 participants aged 18–65 years with 49,507 observations were included in the analysis. The density curves of WC, WHtR and WHpR shifted to right and became wider. The three outcomes all increased with age and increased more at upper percentiles. From the multivariate quantile regression, physical activity was negatively associated in both genders; smoking only had a negative effect on male indicators. Education and drinking behavior both had opposite effects on the three indicators between men and women. Marital status and income were positively associated with the shifts in WC, WHtR and WHpR in male and female WC, while urbanicity index had a positive effect on three outcomes in men but inconsistent effect among female outcomes.ConclusionsThe abdominal-obesity related indicators of the Chinese adults experienced rapid growth according to our population-based, age- and gender-specific analyses. Over the 18-year study period, major increases in WC, WHtR and WHpR were observed among Chinese adults. Specifically, these increases were greater at upper percentiles and in men. Age, physical activity, energy intake, drinking, smoking, education, income and urbanicity index were associated with elevated abdominal obesity indicators, and the effects differed among percentiles and between genders.

Association of the MTHFR 677C>T Polymorphism with Obesity and Biochemical Variables in a Young Population of Mexico.

SummaryBackgroundMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms have been associated with overweight people and obesity. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism with obesity and biochemical variables in young individuals of Mexico.MethodsA total of 316 young individuals were included in the study, 172 with normal weight (NW) and 144 with over weight/obesity. Body mass index (BMI) was classified as NW, overweight, and obesity. Also, waist circumference was measured. Moreover, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were determined. Genotyping for MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was performed by the PCR-RFLP method.ResultsThere was no difference in the distribution of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism between individuals with NW and overweight/obesity; neither when they were divided by overweight vs NW, nor when we contrasted obese vs NW. However, an analysis stratified by gender showed a significant protector effect of the TT genotype against obesity in males and elevated waist circumference in females. Also, overweight/obese individuals with TT genotype had less risk of high cholesterol or triglycerides than overweight/obese subjects with the other genotypes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the MTHFR 677T polymorphism might not be a risk factor for being overweight/obesity. Rather, on the basis of our results, this variant could be a protector effect. However, further large-scale population-based studies are still necessary to clarify the role of the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism in overweight, obesity, and lipid profile level.

Waist Circumference and Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction in a Large Cohort of Chinese Men and Women

The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and waist circumference (WC) is still controversial, especially from the perspective of sex differences. We aimed to explore the impact of sex on this relationship in a large Chinese cohort. This cross-sectional study recruited 13,505 healthy participants (8,346 males, 5,159 females) who were enrolled in a health check program. Clinical data were collected. The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and WC of both sexes was analyzed separately after dividing WC into quartiles. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by binary logistic regression models, and linear regression analysis was also performed. The prevalence rates of subclinical hyper-and hypothyroidism were significantly lower in males. Binary logistic regression models showed that WC in females with subclinical hypothyroidism had a detrimental effect with an OR of 1.011, but the effect disappeared when we included other covariates. The other ORs indicated no significant effects. The weak negative relationship between WC and thyrotropin was also indicated by linear regression analyses with very low R2 values. The current research did not show WC as a risk factor for subclinical thyroid dysfunction in either sex. Regional and ancestral origin differences may account for the variations with other studies. ALT = alanine aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; FT3 = free triiodothyronine; FT4 = free thyroxine; TG = triglycerides; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; UA = uric acid; WC = waist circumference.

Effect of central adiposity on lung function tests in adolescents

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the relation of total body adiposity and abdominal adiposity markers with forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in adolescents in Bengaluru. Methods: 125 healthy children from a school and 70 asthmatics from Ramaiah hospital between 10 and 15 years were included in the study. Anthropometry including weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, and abdominal height was done in all study adolescents. The subjects were categorized according to BMI. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were done by Knudson methodand FEV1, FVC, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. The patients were classified by their asthma severity according to GINA guidelines. Results: BMI, weight, waist and hip circumference correlated with abdominal height in male asthmatics and controls where they revealed significant correlations with FEV1/FVC% ratio. In females, abdominal height correlated with BMI, weight, waist and hip circumference in both the groups. PEF correlated with BMI, weight, waist circumference, and abdominal height in healthy females. FEV1/FVC correlated with BMI, abdominal height in female asthmatics, with weight in healthy females.Independent predictors of FEV1/FVC% ratio were hip circumference in males and abdominal height, and waist circumference in females. Conclusion: Increase in obesity is associated with reduced lung volumes and flows. The abdominal adiposity markers (waist and hip circumference, and abdominal height) are significant and effective predictors of obesity and the variations of PFT’s than total adiposity markers (BMI and weight).

Cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with adiposity indices in young adults.

Objective:This study investigated the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and adiposity in young adults.Methods:Data was collected from 133 students of a medical college of Pakistan. The study was conducted on young adults, aged 17-24 years, recruited from Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, between Aug-Dec, 2015. Queen’s College Step Test was conducted to measure CRF and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) evaluated. Anthropometric measurements (body mass index, body fat, visceral fat, waist circumference) were taken to assess adiposity. Associations of VO2max and adiposity were analyzed.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 44% overall. The VO2max (ml/kg/min) of males and females was 55.41±9.45 and 39.91±3.14, respectively, the gender difference being highly significant (p<0.001). Quartiles of VO2max showed strong inverse relationship between adiposity and VO2max, obese individuals having low VO2max (1st quartile) and normal weight individuals having high VO2max (4th quartile). VO2max correlated greatest with body fat in males (r = –0.600; p<0.001), and waist circumference in females (r = –0.319; p=0.004).Conclusion:The results indicate low CRF in young females and a strong inverse relationship between fitness levels and adiposity in young adults of both genders. Improving these parameters in our young population may prevent development of chronic non-communicable disease in later life.

Gender-related affecting factors of prediabetes on its 10-year outcome

ObjectiveTo investigate the gender-related affecting factors of prediabetes on its 10-year outcome, in a longitudinal study.Methods and resultsThis longitudinal population-based study was performed in the Ping Liang community, Yangpu district,...