Wage System Research Articles

The Impact of Minimum Wage System on Low-Income Groups

The minimum wage system sets a legal floor on the income of workers. It provides economic security for low-wage workers and ensures that their basic needs are met, thereby reducing poverty. For low-income workers, increasing the minimum wage directly enhances their earnings, living standards, and financial stability. As a research focus, the primary area of examination would be the precise effect of minimum wage adjustments on the income levels of those in low-paying jobs: analyze the changes in the real income of low-income workers after the augement of minimum salary and the improvement influence of family economic conditions. Second one is exploring the impact on this system changes employment sector: Examine whether raising the minimum wage causes employers that reduce hiring or layoffs, and the potential impact of such changes on low-skilled labor markets. The last one is analyzing the impacts of minimum wage policies of psychological and low-income groups’ social wellbeing: Using questionnaires to understand changes in the perception of low-income workers about their job satisfaction, quality of life, and social status. The rise in this system significantly rose the income level of low-income workers, helped to alleviate poverty, and raised the basic standard of living of these families. In the short term, that increase may have a certain negative impact on some labor-intensive industries, in the form of a small number of job losses; But over the longer term, the job market stabilizes as companies adapt to increased costs and improve efficiency through technological innovation.

Legal issues related to performance-based wage systems - Review of cases of disciplinary action for redistribution of performance bonuses -

Legal issues related to performance-based wage systems - Review of cases of disciplinary action for redistribution of performance bonuses -

OPTIMIZATION OF WAGE STRUCTURE AND LIMITS OF ABOVE-TARIFF PAYMENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN

The policy of forming the wage system is largely determined by the economic situation in the country, the amount of inflation caused by the growth of prices for goods and services. The article substantiates the relationship between the size of real wages and economic growth caused by changes in labor productivity, as the main indicator determining the long-term standard of living. In the structure of the wage fund, a special place is occupied by above-tariff payments, which carry the function of regulating the basic wage. Their amount depends on the profession, industry and regional characteristics. Therefore, the assessment of above-tariff payments in distribution relations is objectively conditioned and significant. The following results were obtained during the study: - in general, for all types of economic activity, the share of above-tariff payments amounted to 27-30% of the wage fund. This means that 1/3 of wages is formed to a greater extent subjectively, i.e. decent wages are compensated by incentive payments; - in the regions of Kazakhstan, the threshold of payment at the tariff, which should be constant and ensure a decent life without above-tariff payments, is not ensured; - the variable part of wages (payments) should be used only when stimulating the achievement of exceptional results, and not become a tool for maintaining wages at the appropriate level.

교직 만족도 및 교사 효능감에 영향을 미치는 요인 탐색: 세대 간 비교를 중심으로

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the factors affecting teacher satisfaction and efficacy of Generation X and millennial teachers. [Methods] To achieve this goal, the factors affecting teacher satisfaction and efficacy were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square and Quantile regression for teacher data in the 6th year of the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study(GEPS) Elementary Panel. [Results] First, Factors affecting satisfaction in teaching jobs were found to be the degree of change in classes due to the expansion of open classes, satisfaction in current schools, participation in teaching improvement activities, and effect of training. In the case of millenials, the degree of change in classes due to the expansion of open classes, academic background, the leadership of school principals, and satisfaction in current schools. Second, the factors affecting teacher efficacy of the X-generation were the degree of class change due to the expansion of open classes, the degree of teacher cooperation, the current school climate, the degree of school satisfaction, the effect of training, community relationship, major education policy awareness, and in the case of millenials, gender, teaching career, teacher cooperation degree, principal leadership, participation in teaching improvement activities, and awareness of major education policies. [Conclusion] Through the analysis results, the teacher wage system, support for the principal's leadership, and the necessity of improving the senior teacher system were suggested

Views of South Korean officials of enterprises on mandatory retirement age

ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored how South Korean officials of small- and medium-sized enterprises view mandatory retirement age. Many contend that it would be difficult to abolish the Korea’s mandatory retirement age because of the seniority wage system. However, some argue that healthy, competent workers should be retained and recruited regardless of age. To promote employing older workers, adjusting circumstances by renewing contracts, adopting employment flexibility, and reducing labor union pressure have all been suggested. Additionally, a peak wage system could be promoted as an alternative to the seniority wage system. Considering that the officials participating in this study hail from diverse industries, future researchers should conduct qualitative and quantitative studies on specific sectors for an industry-specific perspective on mandatory retirement age.

Solidaritas Sosial Petani Jagung di Desa Papualangi, Kecamatan Tolinggula, Kabupaten Gorontalo Utara

This study aims to examine the social solidarity among corn farmers in Papualangi Village, Tolinggula District, North Gorontalo Regency. A qualitative approach with descriptive analysis was employed. Five corn farmers from Papualangi Village served as informants for this research. Data were collected through documentation, interviews, and observation. The findings indicate the following: First, the Papualangi Village government's role in enhancing the welfare of corn farmers has not been effectively implemented. Second, while corn farmers’ response to social solidarity remains strong, there has been a shift from a previously unpaid system of solidarity to one that employs a wage system. Third, materialism acts as a hindrance; specifically, the wage system provided to workers during corn planting is a form of materialism that inhibits solidarity. Fourth, the wage system's impact on corn farmers includes both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, field observations reveal that the wage system enhances efficiency and accelerates work completion. Additionally, it increases income for workers who benefit from earning extra money. Besides the direct economic benefits, the wage system can positively influence social solidarity within the farming community. However, the shift to a wage system may also have adverse effects. One potential negative consequence is a decline in social solidarity among farmers. Some may prefer paying workers rather than relying on traditional mutual cooperation, which can diminish the sense of dependency and communal involvement.

Analysis Of The Internal Control System Over Payroll And Wages At Pt.Roda Teknindo Purajayah

The payroll and wage accounting system needs to be carried out control activities to ensure that the implementation of the payroll and wage system runs according to established standards, including at PT. Roda Teknindo Purajaya. This company has implemented internal control over the payroll and wage system. The research objective is to determine the internal control system over the payroll and wage system at PT. Roda Teknindo Purajaya. This research includes comparative descriptive research, which describes the actual characteristics and conditions of a research object by comparing the internal control system over payroll and wages carried out at PT. Roda Teknindo Purajaya with Mulyadi's theory. Data is collected by documentation and interview methods, while data analysis uses comparative analysis. The results showed that the internal control system over payroll and wages at PT. Roda Teknindo Purajaya was in accordance with Mulyadi's theory. First organization, there has been a strict separation of functional responsibilities between the payroll maker function and the finance function. Second, the authorization system, the employee appointment letter is signed by the main director, in order to avoid paying salaries to fictitious employees, as well as changes in employee salaries, both due to changes in rank, changes in salary and wage rates, and additional families are always based on the director's decision letter. In addition to the separation of responsibilities, it is known that all documents used are always authorized by the authorized person. Third, the recording procedure has included salary and wage rates in the attendance card and is checked for accuracy by the bookkeeping department. Fourth, healthy practices, that supervision has been carried out, compared and verified against attendance cards and employee income tax calculations. Thus it can be conveyed that the internal control system over the payroll and wage system at PT. Roda Teknindo Purajaya is in accordance with the theory by Mulyadi.

Human Resource Assessment and Sustainability : Investigating the Measurability of Human Activity

Sustainability, as a complex set of goals, has many possible interpretations and approaches the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out in the document have 169 sub-goals, of which Goal 10 is "reduced inequalities". There are 10 sub-goals linked to this goal, the first of which is aimed at reducing income inequality. Employers have direct responsibility and considerable leeway to develop fair wage systems. For HR professionals, the practical implementation of this is a major task, and their knowledge can therefore be a key factor in achieving SDG 10. In our research, we sought to answer the question of what future HR professionals know about the accounting measurability of human performance and how they assess its monetary valuation. In our view, HR professionals who are aware of the issues of human performance measurement and recognize the fundamental problems can play a significant role in meeting SDG 10. In our primary research, we surveyed 448 undergraduate human resources students from early December 2022 to the end of January 2023 using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire contains closed and open questions in addition to demographic data. Our research shows that the value of human activity is not well expressed in monetary terms, which implies that wages and the value of work are not closely related.

Madurese Sugarcane-Farming Women: One Face with Multiple Roles

This article aims to identify the roles of female farmers in all stages of production and harvesting of the sugarcane agriculture and determine the opportunities, constraints, and factors of women's participation in the Madurese community. It also examines the role and degree of involvement of female farmers in terms of economic and social aspects as well as local wisdom in the sugarcane agriculture by comparing the roles of female and male smallholder farmers in terms of the allocation of time, labour, and the wage system. In addition, the article also discusses the influence of female farmers in the household decision-making for improving the productivity and family income in the Madurese community. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study as its approach. Qualitative research seeks to describe in-depth how the roles of female farmers in the sugarcane agriculture in Madura operate. The results show that they want to have an active participation and involvement in sugarcane farming activities. They want to contribute actively to the welfare of their families by offering some alternatives for their economy so that economic welfare and more empowerment for themselves as women in particular can be achieved.

Minimum wage and income inequality among the migrant population in China

ABSTRACT Have frequently adjusted minimum wages slowed the widening of income inequality in China? To answer this question, this study examines the impact of minimum wages on income inequality among the migrant population using data from the China Migrants Dynamics Survey (CMDS) for 2011–2018 and data on city-level minimum wages over the same period. The research findings indicate that the minimum wage significantly reduces income inequality within China’s migrant population. Importantly, the conclusion remains robust after employing rigorous analytical methods, such as instrumental variable analysis, replacement of the explained variable, and provincial-level data regression analysis. Moreover, the mechanism analysis reveals that the minimum wage contributes to reducing income inequality within the migrant population by raising the income of low-income groups without causing unemployment. The extent of this impact is closely related to the implementation of regional minimum wage policies. Additionally, the heterogeneity results show that minimum wage has a more pronounced effect on reducing income inequality among formally employed individuals and those working in the state-owned sector than in the informal employment and non-state-owned sectors. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to further optimize the minimum wage system in China to promote common prosperity.

Советская экономика в годы хрущевской оттепели: дерзость реформ и противоречивость реализации

This article delves into the peculiarities of the economic development of the USSR during the years 1953–1964. It illustrates Nikita Khrushchev's endeavor as a political leader to enact economic transformations in the country in line with his ideological course of de-Stalinization and relative liberalization. It argues that the absence of a pragmatic economic strategy based on the actual state of affairs in the country led to the implementation of inconsistent reforms, primarily focused on organizational and administrative changes. Economic decisions during the Khrushchev Thaw, including the abolition of sectoral planning, introduction of egalitarian wage systems, nationalization of industrial cooperatives, and transition to a territorial principle of economic management, were conceived as bold innovative reforms but failed to consider the actual conditions and accumulated historical experience, leading to a crisis in the industrial sector. In conclusion, the economic policies pursued during the Khrushchev Thaw exemplify the challenges of implementing bold reforms without a pragmatic understanding of the prevailing economic conditions. The crisis in the industrial sector underscores the importance of evidence-based decision-making and historical context in shaping effective economic strategies.

Perubahan Peran Suami dan Isteri dalam Keluarga di Desa Molinese Kecamatan Lainea Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

The purpose of this research is to find out how the roles of husbands and wives in the family and what the implications of changes in the roles of husbands and wives are for the family. The selection of informants in this study used the purposive sampling technique . This research uses the Theory of Social Change by William F. Ogburn. The data collection technique used in this research is field work using two methods, namely observation and in-depth interviews. This research is qualitative research using ethnographic research methods. The results of this study show that, role change in Molinese Village has slowly occurred in the 2000s and above and there are several families who experience it because of the lack of income in the family so that it affects the economy. However, with the entry of the oil palm company in this village in 2007, immediately the wives flocked to work as employees of the oil palm plantation as well as the husbands, but over time many husbands stopped working because of the wage system that was considered uneven and they chose to do gardening and some did not have a permanent job. Meanwhile, the wives are still working as employees of the oil palm plantation or PT MERBAU, until now. Some of the implications of changes in the role of husbands and wives on the family are the lack of harmony in the household, not having a tire, and the lack of a permanent job.

The Equitable Income Distribution in Islam Through Transmigration: Phenomenological Study of Merbau Village, Riau

Population movement between islands in Indonesia is known as transmigration. Since the colonial era, this program has existed, even pioneered by the Dutch government for the first time with the aim of obtaining more colonial benefits. Currently, the transmigration program is growing rapidly in the eyes of the Indonesian government. Even the people themselves also volunteered to carry out transmigration in order to get better livelihoods in new areas. Not infrequently among these communities who experience difficulties during the beginning after the move. So that this transmigration community does not find work causes unemployment everywhere and makes the Indonesian economy decline. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to control unemployment in Merbau village through fair income distribution according to the perspective of the Islamic economy. This research is descriptive qualitative and collects information from interviews with local residents and describes this control from the perspective of Islamic economics. The result of this study is to describe the model of unemployment risk control in Merbau Village from a sharia economic perspective, namely the wage system. The wage / ujrah system is imposed in accordance with the agreement of both parties and gives satisfactory results to each other. And also maintain the old culture of the community to live in harmony between residents even though they are different.

RICE WAGE SYSTEM IN THE RICE MILLING PROCESS: PERSPECTIVE OF SHARIA CONTRACT PRINCIPLES

Rice milling, a critical stage in processing raw rice into consumable rice, often must fully comply with Sharia contractual principles, leading to multiple interpretations about its adherence to Sharia law. This study aims to analyze and formulate the Islamic law perspective on the contractual aspects of the paddy wage system in the rice milling process based on Sharia contract principles. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis in this research was conducted through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the rice milling wage system paid by rice in Panakkukang Village, Pallangga Subdistrict, Gowa Regency, partially follows Islamic law when viewed from the principles of sharia contracts. Four of the seven principles of Sharia contracts are fulfilled, but three still need to be fully fulfilled. The Sharia contract principles that have been fulfilled are the principle of voluntarism/consensual, legal certainty/equality (al-musawah), honesty and truth (asl-sidq), and the principle of binding promises. The principles that have yet to be fully fulfilled are the principle of freedom of contract and justice (al-'adl), while the principle of writing (al-kitabah) still needs to be fulfilled.

Analisis Perbandingan Pendapatan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Karyawan Panen dengan Karyawan Panen dengan Karyawan Perawatan di PT. Socfin Indonesia (SOCFINDO) Kebun Aek-Loba, Kabupaten Asahan Provinsi Sumatera Utara

This study aims to find out 1. The wage system of harvest and maintenance employees at PT Socfindo, 2. Comparison of family income of harvesting and maintenance employees 3. Comparison of family welfare of harvest and maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Plantation. This study used a quantitative method by descriptive. The research location was chosen purposively at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Gardens. Sampling method uses purposive sampling technique and data collection method uses descriptive quantitative or descriptive statistics to determine income comparisons and welfare comparisons between families of harvest employees and families of maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Gardens. The research results obtained are 1. The wage system of harvest and maintenance at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba plantations pay system which is given to harvest employees using a time unit system and yield units then maintenance employees use a time unit system. 2. Comparison of family income of harvesting and maintenance employees at PT. Socfin Indonesia Aek-Loba Plantation is a significant difference of IDR 1,227,549. 3. There is no significant difference between the welfare of the families of harvest employees and the maintenance at PT.Socfin Indonesia, Aek Loba Garden, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra.

Analisis Kompensasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan PT XYZ

This study aimed to analyze the effect of compensation and work environment on employee job satisfaction at PT XYZ. The research employed a qualitative method with primary data collected through interviews with nine employees, and secondary data obtained from books and other relevant sources. The interviews revealed that PT XYZ provided compensation based on employee performance, using a daily wage system and providing allowances. However, some employees expressed dissatisfaction with the given salary and allowances. Meanwhile, the work environment was considered supportive, with employees assisting each other and supervisors conducting oversight. The study concluded that PT XYZ needs to improve its compensation policy and provide a better work environment to enhance employee job satisfaction. Further research with a broader scope is recommended to gain more comprehensive insights.

Sistem Pengupahan Pegawai Paroki dalam Perspektif Ensiklik Laborem Exercens Artikel 19

The Church is both a spiritual and secular institution; it is called spiritual because it contains religious practices that connect God and humans through sacramental celebrations, and it is called secular because it contains governance systems such as those that occur in organizations in general. One of the concerns that occurs in the Catholic Church is the existence of a wage system for parish employees that is still not appropriate. This paper will review the issue and try to examine the problem from the perspective of the Encyclical Laborem Exercens written by Pope John Paul II, specifically in Article 19. The review used in this paper is Human Resource Management and Social Teaching of the Church. This paper will attempt to understand the basic concepts of Human Resource Management and the Wage System of Parish Employees, then understand the elements of work spirituality and the ideas of Church Social Teaching in the Encyclical Laborem Exercens Article 19 on Wages, and finally review the extent to which the ideas in the Encyclical Laborem Exercens Article 19 can inspire the wage system of parish employees.

Digital space for payroll and remuneration

The study identifies the features of wage systems that directly affect their implementation in automated programs. The complexity of salary calculation, and sometimes the inability to implement a particular system in an automated program, is the main reason for the rejection of more modern wage systems. A comparative analysis of automated programs has been carried out, which makes it possible for an organization to choose a remuneration system not from the point of view of what the existing automation system offers, but from the point of view of necessity and compliance with the business processes of the organization. This will make it possible to apply more efficient and fair payment systems that will meet current trends and requirements of the labor market. The functional capabilities of the programs in terms of calculation and remuneration are defined. The directions of development and application of digital technologies for calculation and payment of labor are highlighted. The development of new technologies makes it possible to create a digital environment for payment.

Results-Sharing System of Punggawa-Sawi in Gillnet Fishermen of Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency

This study aims to determine the relationship pattern of mustard punggawa to gillnet fishermen and to find out the income and remuneration system of mustard punggawa to gillnet fishermen, Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. This research was carried out from February to March 2021 with two main respondents, namely retainers and mustards for gillnet fishermen in Sumpang Binangae Village, Barru District, Barru Regency. The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis using descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative descriptive using the formula for production costs, revenues and profits. The pattern of the punggawa-sawi fisherman's working relationship in recruiting mustard greens, Mr. burhanuddin (the punggawa-sawi fisherman group A) prefers to prioritize his family who are looking for work for him. While on the other hand, Mr. dg. Nai' (the punggawa-sawi fisherman group B) chose the mustards who worked for him not only based on kinship but friendship. Then the income of the retainer-sawi fisherman group (A) is IDR 454,530,000 per year and the wage system is the retainer's wage of 65%, while the mustard greens get 35% of the catch. The income of the retainer-sawi fisherman group (B) is Rp. 266.673,333 per year and the wage system is the retainer's wages of 50% while the mustard greens get 50% of the catch.

BETWEEN THE SCYLLA OF EQUALIZATION AND THE CHARYBDIS OF INEQUALITY: LABOR REMUNERATION ON THE ALTAI RAILWAY IN 1917

The authors examine inequality in an important branch of the Russian economy during the World War I using the materials of one of the large West Siberian enterprises. The study relies on the sources for the first time introduced into the scientific circulation: data from the funds of the tax inspectorate, which are related to the determination of the circle of income taxpayers and their earnings. The advantageous feature of these lists is that they include not only taxpayers (recipients of relatively high income), but all employees of the enterprise in general. Information on the wages of almost 400 employees of the Altai Railroad, from watchman to manager, was used to calculate the decile coefficient. This allows us to expand the field for microhistorical study of inequality by statistical methods through including new industries and new regions. In addition, one of the lists contains information that allows us to raise the question of the need to study additional parameters of inequality in Russia at the beginning of the20th century. It is shown that the income differentiation of railroad workers increases significantly when taking into account their dependents (primarily children), i.e. taking into account family composition can change the interpretation of the degree of income inequality. Another list gives the authors a rare opportunity to examine the wages of railroad employees taking into account individual components of earnings (including salary, military increment, bonuses, payment for extracurricular work). The analysis of change in the decile ratio depending on the above-mentioned payment issues allowed us to prove that one of the weighty additions to the salary reduced the gap between the incomes of the highest and lowest employees, and the other, on the contrary, gave an opportunity to earn more to those who wanted it. Thus, it is demonstrated that one of the wage systems created before the revolution allowed to avoid simultaneously both problems that would become urgent for the new authorities in the 1920s - equalization and excessive inequality.