Vychegda River Research Articles

Определение величин кормового коэффициента и коэффициента использования кормовой базы рыбами-планктонофагами в нижнем течении реки Вычегды

This paper presents the results of studies of the aquatic ecosystem components of the lower reaches of the Vychegda River. During 2022 growing season we found 234 species of various microalgae belonging to 8 departments. The phytoplankton community is diatom-green with small forms of organisms from other departments. 45 taxonomic units represented the zooplankton community over the entire period of research. We identified 20 taxa of Cladocera, 11 taxa of Copepoda, and 14 taxa of Rotatoria. Widespread Palearctic organisms formed the community. According to the results of control catches, six species of fish were identified: roach, perch, bream, ruff, silver bream and walleye. Perch and roach dominated the catches (87.7% of the catch). Material on 150 larvae and fry of bleak and ruff was obtained. The coefficient of feed utilization (KE) for phytoplankton averaged 0.033, for zooplankton – 0.11. The coefficient of assimilated food by zooplankton (K3) corresponded to an average of 0.348 (34.8%), the same indicator for planktonophagous fish was not above 0.3 (30%). The feeding coefficients of phytoplankton and zooplankton for the lower reaches of the Vychegda River averaged 30 and 9, respectively. Thus, the obtained feeding coefficients in 2022 growing season are close to the zonal ones for the Northern Fisheries Basin. The research results can be used to develop measures for the conservation of aquatic biological resources and their habitat.

Helmet of the migration period from the Yuvanayag mound cemetery

The article introduces first results of the research on an iron helmet found in 2022 at the Yuvanayag mound cemetery in the Vychegda River region, the Komi Republic. The mound cemetery belongs to the circle of the Veslyansky I type cemetery, which was left by migrants with a developed military culture. Its distinctive feature was the tradition of building mounds over graves. Those burial mounds are a reflection of the late Migration Period in the European North-East (5th–7th centuries AD). The found helmet of the Bandhelm type (after Ch. Miks’s classification) is a unique specimen for the region, which also had no analogues in the adjacent territories. Based on mineralogical and geochemical studies, the helmet is made of iron with micro-inclusions of native aluminum and lignite carbon matter. The helmet overlays are made of brass with inclusions of lead-copper-zinc alloys and copper. Its elongated shape and decoration with hemispherical brass overlays are close to the helmets of Sasanian Iran. Geographically, the closest analogy to the Yuvanayag find is the Bandhelm from the predatory excavations near the village of Tsaritsyno in Ryazan Region. Preliminary dating of the artefact from the Yuvanayag burial mound is the late 4th – 5th century AD.

Old Permic Universal Dependencies Treebank

Old Permic, also known as Old Komi, is an extinct variety of Komi that was spoken in the late Middle Ages in the lower Vychegda river basin in Northeastern European Russia, in an area that currently is not Komi-speaking. This language variety is attested in fragmentary records from the 14th to 17th century written both in the Old Permic alphabet and in Cyrillic. These records are of significant importance for research on the history of the Komi language. Here we introduce our attempt towards a new Universal Dependencies treebank that will eventually contain the existing corpus of Old Permic in a structured and CoNLL-U annotated format. This will be the first time this material is being made openly available in digital format, and our contribution describes the current state of the art and remaining challenges.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF OVERGROWING OF RESERVOIRS IN THE VYCHEGDA RIVER BASIN

Based on the materials of the study of three artificial reservoirs located in the southern part of the Komi Republic, in the Vychegda River basin, it was shown that a characteristic feature of the overgrowth of the studied reservoirs is the predominance of sedge communities in its structure. There are three types of shallow water in the reservoirs: open, protected estuarine, and protected insular shallow water. For each type of shallow water, the formula and the degree of their overgrowth are determined. It has been established that the degree of overgrowth of the reservoirs and their coenotic composition largely depends on age (the time elapsed from filling the reservoir with water).

Зообентос нижнего течения реки Вычегды и ее притоков

The study results of zoobenthos of the lower part of the Vychegda River and its tributaries are presented. Bentofauna includes 21 taxons of invertebrates ranging from 4 to 14 between the water-bodies. The number of invertebrates in the rivers varies from 300 to 17 850 inds./m2 being 5310±1403 inds./m2 on the average. Invertebrate biomass ranges from 0.1 g/m2 in sandy grounds to 28.8 g/m2 in sandy-silty grounds averaging 5.8±2.6 g/m2. By the index of E.V. Balushkina, the Vychegda River along 222 km from the mouth is a polluted river. For the other water-bodies, the E.V. Balushkina index ranges from 2.9 to 6.5 which allows them to be classified as moderately polluted water-bodies.

Limited extension of the MIS 2 proglacial lake in the Severnaya Dvina valley, south‐eastern margin of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet

ABSTRACTThe Severnaya Dvina River valley crosses the former south‐eastern margin of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet. Despite a long research history, there remains considerable controversy about the maximum ice‐sheet extent and the expansion of proglacial lakes within the Severnaya Dvina fluvial system. The goal of this study was to address these issues using new material from the valleys of the Severnaya Dvina and the lower Vychegda, thereby contributing to an understanding of the history of the south‐eastern sector of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet and its periglacial areas. We studied a number of geological sections using radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, pollen and carpological analyses, and found that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) proglacial lake occupied the Severnaya Dvina valley between 20–19 ka and about 15.5 ka. The lake was localized within the proglacial isostatic depression and occupied only the Severnaya Dvina valley extending no further than the confluence of the Vychegda River, no more than 110 km from the edge of the ice sheet. The lake formation did not cause any drainage reorganization within and outside the Vychegda fluvial system. Given the small size of the lake and presence of the oldest OSL ages along the entire length of the former lake, we suggest that the onset of the proglacial lake marks the maximum extent of the ice sheet in the area. Consequently, the onset of the local LGM may be dated to 20–19 ka, somewhat earlier than assumed by most previous researchers. The LGM ice sheet boundary was located in the Severnaya Dvina valley downstream from the Vychegda confluence and did not extend into the Vychegda valley, despite previous suggestions. During deglaciation, the lake disappearance together with crustal rebound caused an incision episode in the Vychegda – Severnaya Dvina system and the formation of the Lateglacial alluvial terrace with relative height rising downstream due to the uneven rates of the postglacial uplift.

Aeolian sedimentation in the Vychegda river valley, north-eastern Europe, during MIS 2–1

Aeolian sediments and landforms of the former continental ice sheets' periphery can be used as invaluable sources of information on palaeoenvironmental changes. In the Northeastern Europe, there is very limited knowledge on the structure and age of the aeolian deposits and landforms. This study presents the first data on distribution and chronology of aeolian sediments and landforms in the Vychegda River basin (northeast of the East European Plain). Using grain-size analysis, radiocarbon and OSL dating, we were able to determine the age of the sediments found in the region and study their lithological composition. We discovered aeolian sediments comprising the upper parts of the most river terraces throughout the valley; they come in forms of dunes, dune fields, and sandy or loess-like covers. Previously it was argued that the terraces’ upper parts were comprised by glaciolacustrine deposits, but lithological composition of these sediments showed their aeolian origin. It was found that most of the aeolian sediments have formed in the Late Glacial, between 17 and 10.5 ka. We consider that increased fluvial activity and melting of permafrost were the main causes of the aeolian processes activization and that sediment availability was the most important controlling factor during that time.

Углеводороды-биомаркеры и палинологическая характеристика торфа Мезенско-Вычегодской равнины

The peat from the Cherny Yar section at the Vychegda river was studied by a complex of palynological and geochemical methods. We determined that among the aliphatic hydrocarbons of bitumen, the maximum concentrations were characteristic for odd n-alkanes with a predominance of C27-C31 homologues, as well as 18-norabietane. Aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly represented by structures formed during the fossilization of diterpenoids and triterpenoids of higher vegetation. Among the aromatic diterpenoids, there are 18-norabieta-8,11,13-triene, 18-norsimonellite and retene, which are markers of conifers, as well as 18-norabietane of the aliphatic fraction. Among the aromatic triterpenoids, numerous transformation products of compounds with the carbon skeleton of lupan, oleanan, and ursane, characteristic of angiosperms, have been identified. For example, dinorolean(ursa)-1,3,5(10),13(18)-tetraene, dinorolean(ursa)-1,3,5(10)-triene, pentanoroleana-1,3,5(10), 6,8,11,13,17(18)-octaene and others. The data on the composition of hydrocarbons confirm the palynological data about the presence of coniferous and hardwood pollen in the composition of peat. The change in the composition of hydrocarbons along the section confirms the change in the species composition of vegetation in the study area, diagnosed by microfossils. The comparison of the composition of peat biomarker hydrocarbons with palynological data revealed their consistency with each other and possibility of conjugated use of these methods in paleogeographic reconstructions.

Community Structure of Oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Vychegda River in the Zone of Influence of Wastewater from Pulp and Paper Production

Community Structure of Oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Vychegda River in the Zone of Influence of Wastewater from Pulp and Paper Production

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЛАНКТОННЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ НИЖНЕГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ РЕКИ ВЫЧЕГДА И ЕЕ ПРИТОКОВ

The work is a part of the comprehensive studies of the rivers and lakes of the south-east of the Arkhangelsk region, carried out in 2021 for the purpose of development of aquaculture of inland water bodies. The data on the species diversity and structure of plankton communities of freshwater bodies belonging to the Vychegda River watershed were obtained. Taxonomic composition of phytoplankton in summer period of 2021 was shown. Species diversity was estimated using Shannon index based on relative abundance of species, Menchinic index to determine species abundance, and Jaccard's similarity coefficient. Pantle-Bucca saprobicity index was calculated to assess pollution of natural waters. Evaluation of watercourses trophicity based on the obtained indicators of phytoplankton and zooplankton was carried out. We have identified 192 taxa of microalgae from 8 divisions and 15 species of zooplankton from three systematic groups. Green and diatom algae were found to be the basis of the algoflora. The zooplankton community was cladoceric-copepodic. New data on the state of the phytoplankton community can serve as an informational and methodological basis for the development of ecological monitoring programs for the aquatic ecosystems of the region. The results of the research can be used to assess the fish productivity of the Arkhangelsk region water bodies and to calculate the damage to aquatic bioresources from economic activities.

Problems of Allocation of Borders of Water Protection Areas of Vychegda River from Syktyvkar City to the Mouth

Problems of Allocation of Borders of Water Protection Areas of Vychegda River from Syktyvkar City to the Mouth

Community structure of oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Vychegda River in the zone of influence of wastewater from pulp and paper production

Community structure of oligochaetes (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of the Vychegda River in the zone of influence of wastewater from pulp and paper production

The fauna of aquatic invertebrates in the river impacted by wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry (Komi Republic).

BackgroundInvertebrates are important elements of aquatic ecosystems and play a crucial role in the transformation of matter and energy in continental water bodies. Communities of aquatic invertebrates are characterised by high sensitivity to pollution by nutrients and toxic substances and acidification of water bodies; they serve as good bioindicators of the quality of the aquatic environment and impacts on hydroecosystems. All hydrobionts participate in the processes of self-purification of water bodies.The presented dataset provides information on the aquatic invertebrate community of a large northern river. During 2018-2020, we collected data on changes in the quantitative indicators of the development of benthic and planktonic communities, as well as the species diversity of their fauna. The dataset combines information about the occurrence and abundance of benthic and planktonic invertebrates and summarises data of aquatic invertebrate species found in the Vychegda River in the zone of influence from the pulp and paper mill.New informationThe presented dataset is part of a monitoring programme of the river ecosystems in the production area of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC (the European North-East of Russia, Komi Republic). The dataset describes the structure of benthic invertebrate and plankton communities in the Northern Dvina River Basin. The data on the finding and abundance of large taxa of aquatic invertebrates and species of some groups: Oligochaeta, Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera are presented. In total, the resource includes 8720 findings of invertebrates, of which 6041 are for zoobenthos organisms and 2679 for zooplankton organisms.

The Fish Part of Community of the Vychegda River in a Pulp and Paper Mill-Treated Wastewater Discharge Area

The Fish Part of Community of the Vychegda River in a Pulp and Paper Mill-Treated Wastewater Discharge Area

Zooplankton of the Vychegda River under Conditions of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Zooplankton of the Vychegda River under Conditions of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Water Quality of the Vychegda River under the Conditions of the Receipt of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Water Quality of the Vychegda River under the Conditions of the Receipt of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Phytoplankton Communities of the Vychegda River in the Area of Treated-Wastewater Intake from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Phytoplankton Communities of the Vychegda River in the Area of Treated-Wastewater Intake from the Pulp and Paper Industry

State of the Benthic Communities of the Vychegda River under the Influence of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

State of the Benthic Communities of the Vychegda River under the Influence of Treated Wastewater from the Pulp and Paper Industry

Классификация участков русла Северной Двины и Вычегды по сложности русловых процессов и условиям управления

The complexity of the control conditions for channel processes is examined by the case of the Severnaya Dvina River and its main tributary the Vychegda River, which are both the most important waterways of the European North of Russia. The developed and approved earlier methodology was applied to rank rivers in by the channel stability, the load and composition of sediments (the factor was applied for the first time to the rivers under study), water capacity, geological and geomorphological conditions of the channel formation conditions (embedded riverbeds or channels with wide floodplain), evolution of different morpho/dynamic types of channel, abundance and mode of deformations of riffles. The latter factor controls both possibility and features of regulative works when designing activities in water economics, navigation and construction. The data on the sediment amounts dredged from riverbeds to ensure the waterway functioning are demonstrated to be the integral estimation of the control conditions for channel processes.

Phytoplankton communities of the Vychegda River in the zone of treated wastewater inflow of the pulp and paper industry

Phytoplankton communities of the Vychegda River in the zone of treated wastewater inflow of the pulp and paper industry