Vrije Universiteit Brussels Research Articles

Workshop on how persons with care needs participate in local health governance structures.

Participation of citizens in health policy and health care organization has been recognized as cardinal since Alma Ata health care for all declaration. Yet, the width and breadth remain contested and implementation difficult. Movements to involving and empowering communities in decision making for health priorities and interventions varied from instrumentalizes community health worker approaches to bottom-up health policy planning. Especially in countries where professional health systems were weak these strategies received much attention and support, less so in professionally dominated health systems in Europe.
 Yet the shift from an individual care-oriented system towards a population based approach has opened opportunities to rethink health governance at local levels, and the voice of the population. Population-based health management implies the defining and addressing of health care needs of a specific population defined for instance by a geographic delineation. This allows decentralization of decision-making. However, especially in a highly professionalized health care system, such shifts are difficult. Implementation challenges relate to whom to involve, how to organize representation, and how to ensure equitable participation of different stakeholders. 
 In this working session, we aim to address the implementation challenge of how persons with care needs and informal care givers can take up and develop their role in governance of local health care planning. We will take a practice-based approach, exploring the role, organisation and effects of participation of citizens in the local care councils in the primary care zones in Flanders, Belgium. In part 1, persons with care needs and informal caregiver representatives in care councils will present their stories, implementation challenges and utility of instruments such as the participation toolbox. In part 2, session participants will assess tools and strategies for the challenges presented in a world café format. In part 3, the results of the café discussions will be presented to a panel of person and informal caregiver representatives, policy makers and researchers from different countries, to provide locally relevant and international perspectives on the problem and solutions. The session will be co-led by people with care needs, people from the implementation support organization VIVEL and by researchers from two higher education institutions. 
 Organisers: Josefien van Olmen (University of Antwerp), Christophe Wille (Artevelde University of Applied Sciences), Marlies De Clerck (VIVEL), Naomi De Bruyne (Coördinator Steunpunt Mantelzorg), Lieve Dossche, Annet Wauters (Vlaams Patiënten Platform), Lie Verryssen (VIVEL), Patricia De Vriendt (Vrije Universiteit Brussels, University of Applied Sciences)
 Procedures to ensure representation and inclusion: simultaneous translation in English and Dutch. 
 

Subjective wellbeing and psychological symptoms of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of a structured telephone interview in a large sample of university students.

University students are at elevated risk for psychological distress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to warmly contact our students and investigate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the subjective wellbeing (SWB) and levels of psychological symptoms (such as depressive and anxious feelings) of university students in Belgium. All bachelor and master students of the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (N = 15,475) were invited for a brief structured telephone interview in March, 2021. In total, 7,154 students were assessed by a structured interview, based on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and the Anamnestic Comparative Self-Assessment (ACSA). Compared to a representative sample, students considered their life during the pandemic as less satisfying compared to their life before the pandemic. Overall, all students have suffered from COVID-19 and the measures taken to contain the pandemic. Twenty percent of our sample of 7,154 VUB students scored above the K6 cutoff, indicating a heightened risk for having a diagnosable mental illness severe enough to cause functional limitations and to require treatment. This study highlights the need for psychological support for all students, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Louis De Pauw Award — A first recognition for citizen scientists in Belgian palaeontology

On Saturday, 2 October 2021, Palaeontologica Belgica presented Belgium's very first palaeontological citizen science award. In collaboration with and with the support of professional research institutions and the federal government, the award aims to valorise the achievements of citizen scientists in palaeontological research. Together with Scivil, the governmental platform for citizen science in Flanders, and the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), the promoters hope that this initiative will be followed by other scientific domains (biology, archaeology, astronomy, history, linguistics, earth and environmental sciences, etc.) where citizen scientists selflessly contribute to fundamental scientific research.

Visualizing Votive Practice: Exploring Limestone and Terracotta Sculpture from Athienou-Malloura Through 3D Models By Derek B. Counts, Erin Walcek Averett, Kevin Garstki, and Michael K. Toumazou, with contributions by Clay M. Cofer and Katherine A. P. Iselin. Grand Forks: The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota 2020. Pp. 362 pages. Download (free). ISBN 9781734506877. https://doi.org/10.31356/dpb011 (ebook).

<i>Visualizing Votive Practice: Exploring Limestone and Terracotta Sculpture from Athienou-Malloura Through 3D Models</i> By Derek B. Counts, Erin Walcek Averett, Kevin Garstki, and Michael K. Toumazou, with contributions by Clay M. Cofer and Katherine A. P. Iselin. Grand Forks: <i>The Digital Press at the University of North Dakota 2020</i>. Pp. 362 pages. Download (free). ISBN 9781734506877. https://doi.org/10.31356/dpb011 (ebook).

The 5E Model of Environmental Engagement: Bringing Sustainability Change to Higher Education through Positive Psychology

What is the role of universities in advancing sustainability? This paper delineates a unique program for promoting sustainability that was applied in Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB). The unique characteristics of the program are described in light of the positive sustainability framework. The five components of the program are designed to promote sustainable behavior of participants, through promoting goal-oriented hope: setting a goal; believing that one can successfully achieve the chosen goal (agency thinking); viewing the potential paths for achieving the goal (pathway thinking); and trusting other members of society to follow the same desired goal (social trust). The five components of the program are designed to jointly raise all the elements of hope. It starts with goal setting (estimate), which is aimed at evaluating the impact of the university on the physical environment. Secondly, the entire community of the university should be engaged in achieving the desired goal. The third component of the method is education about the potential options and actions for achieving the designed goal. Then, enabling the achievement of the goal takes place (meaning making it easy). Lastly, participants should be encouraged to pursue the goal by positive rewarding.

Tribute to Linda Joanna DE MEIRLEIR

Tribute to Linda Joanna DE MEIRLEIR

Data management for the SoLid experiment

The SoLid experiment is a short-baseline neutrino project located at the BR2 research reactor in Mol, Belgium. It started data taking in November 2017. Data management, including long term storage will be handled in close collaboration by Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Imperial College London and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. We describe the SoLid data management model with an emphasis on the software developed for the file distribution on the Grid, the data archiving and the initial data transfer from the experiment to a Grid storage element. We present results from the first six months of data taking, showing how the system performed in a production setting.

Cryo-EM reveals how protein crystals grow

Crystallizing a protein can be a shot in the dark. No one quite knows how protein crystals form, so researchers frequently must use trial and error to find the right crystallization conditions. Now, scientists have used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to watch the earliest stages of protein crystal formation (Nature 2018, DOI: 10.1038/nature25971). What they learned allowed them to generate one desired crystal form, or polymorph, selectively, which could be handy for protein structure determination or in protein drug formulation. Crystallization starts with tiny clusters of protein molecules that act as seeds, says Mike Sleutel of Vrije Universiteit Brussels, who led the work. The clusters are too small to be seen with a light microscope, and they’re unstable. To address both challenges, Sleutel, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche of Grenoble Alps University, and colleagues rapidly froze their protein samples to halt molecular motion and got snapshots at various time points during

The significance of multilingual education and the role of CLIL

An introductionStudents of multilingualism and education at the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB) have produced the next three papers, Irina Leca, Linh Nguyen Thi Thuy and Yvonne Mathole. Let us first agree on what is meant by multilingual education. It refers to the use of a second language for learning subject matter, such as advocated by the Canadian immersion programmes and the European Content and Language Integrated Learning approach, in short CLIL (see Coyle et al. 2010). The authors discuss a number of important aspects that are of interest to scholars and policymakers with an interest in education throughout the world. Two aspects can be broadly distinguished. (i) What does it mean for an individual to be multilingual with respect to his/her health in the long run (Irina Leca) and (ii) what are significant aspects of the introduction of multilingual education, i.e. the CLIL approach, in countries with little or no experience with this approach. In this case two countries are exemplified, namely Vietnam and South Africa (Nguyen Thi Thuy and Yvonne Mathole).Answers to these issues highlight general aspects of multilingualism that are not limited to Europe or the Americas but are of interest to the whole world. As Leca points out in her paper, it is well known that ageing will be one of the significant factors to be addressed in the coming decades and the relationship between a healthy brain and multilingualism is worth considering. Within the lifelong learning approach, advocated by the European Union, it is not superfluous to point out what should be well-known by now but is not, namely that early learning and lifelong practice are the keys to effective language management. Most policymakers are unfortunately unaware of this or pretend to be unaware because the adoption of these principles entails a number of far-reaching policy changes that are still controversial in many countries. Among them, learning languages in school starting from a very young age and continuing practice in secondary education and beyond.When it comes to the adoption of multilingual education many countries are still struggling with the basic principles relating to it. Among them at first sight seemingly insuperable ones, such as the shortage of teachers and lack of teaching materials. But teachers can be trained and materials can be developed. These arguments against multilingual education are often used as pretexts in order not to implement multilingual education, since they are not too difficult to overcome in time given political courage and good management.But even more important than these arguments against multilingual education are misconceptions that underlie most of the counter-arguments. One misconception is that in order to learn a language one should concentrate on that language so that interferences are excluded. Learning two languages at the same time is not something that is easy to contemplate for many non-professional linguists and/or educators with experience in language learning and teaching. This is especially the case where a prestigious language such as English is involved. Time and time again, scholars report, especially in Africa, how indigenous languages are swept aside as the medium of instruction because (i) this might hamper the learning of English and (ii) there is no use in learning an unimportant [sic] indigenous language (see Ouane and Glanz 2010; Van de Craen et al. …

Quevauviller PP (ed) | Hydrometeorological hazards: interfacing science and policy

Hydrometeorological Hazards: Interfacing Science and Policy is the first book in the series Hydrometeorological Extreme Events that seeks to provide a multidisciplinary description of various scientific and policy features concerning hydrometeorological extreme events (Fig. 1). It is edited by Philippe P. Quevauviller (Vrije Universiteit Brussels), who is also the editor of this book series. The increased exposure and vulnerability of societies and the need to strengthen the knowledge base for related policies are highlighted by recent hydrometeorological extreme events. In this way, the book aims to present an overview of EU policies, of discussions on interfacing science and policy and of some fundamental knowledge on selected types of hydrometeorological events that will be further explored in the subsequent volumes of the series. The book is divided into four parts and a concluding chapter. These four main parts encompass 13 contributions of internationally renowned scientists and research groups. Altogether, 40 authors from 13 countries in Europe present the current scientific knowledge on the basic aspects of hydrometeorological hazards and related policies. The geographical scope of the contributions is mainly Europe, as most of the contributions introduce the results of a variety of European projects funded under the European Union’s Sixth Research Framework Programme (2002–2006) and the Seventh Framework Programme (2007–2013). References are given for each chapter and selected figures are—in

Lack of confidence in administering emergency care among Dutch-speaking family physicians in Belgium

BackgroundPractical knowledge of emergency medical care among physicians seems to be insufficient worldwide. Research specifically aimed at family physicians is rather scarce. Additionally, in Belgium there are no data on this subject.PurposesOur aim was to ascertain how confident Belgian family physicians feel about their ability to give adequate emergency care and to examine their assessment of their knowledge of relevant medical conditions.MethodsWe used a web-based questionnaire for which a convenience sample of 974 Dutch-speaking family practitioners was invited through email. The survey assessed how these physicians perceived their own emergency skills and their knowledge of relevant medical conditions.ResultsThe survey had a recruitment rate of 22% (n = 210), with a 75% completion rate. The minimum criteria formulated pertaining to skills and knowledge were met by 64% and 55% of the participants, respectively. The mean cumulative scores on skills and knowledge were 2.5 and 3.2, respectively (on a scale from 0 to 4). Physicians with additional training in emergency care (3.07 versus 2.72), or with a spirometry certificate (2.94 versus 2.72) scored better than those without. Practitioners from rural areas felt more confident than those from urbanized regions (3.25 versus 3.15). Physicians felt more competent in aspects of emergency care where they had experience.ConclusionAlmost half of the Dutch-speaking family physicians in Belgium felt insufficiently competent to offer emergency medical care.

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

PREDATOR ODOURS DON'T BOTHER BATS

Despite their nocturnal and aerial lifestyle, bats are still at risk from predators. Weasels and stoats can scale the walls of bat roosts and young and old bats are in danger from foxes if they fall. Tess Driessens from Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium, and Bjorn Siemers from the Max Planck

Measurement of activation cross sections of the proton induced nuclear reactions on palladium

Excitation functions of proton induced reactions on Pd are important for medical radioisotope production, for activation analysis, for development of low activation materials and other purposes. No experimental data exist in the literature for low and medium energy range protons. A detailed study of the excitation functions was performed up to 80 MeV proton energy by using the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma-ray spectrometry. The irradiations were carried out at the external beam lines of the AVF cyclotron at the Tohoku University. Japan (80 and 70 MeV) and the CGR 560 cyclotron at the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (38, 29 and 17 MeV). The beam intensity, the incident energy and the energy degradation were controlled by a method based on flux constancy via normalization to the parallel measured excitation functions of natAl(p,x)22,24Na and natCu(p,x)56,58Co, 62,65Zn monitor reactions. Excitation functions for direct and cumulative cross sections have been measured for the production of 105mg,106m,110mAg, 101Pd, 101mRh and 97Ru radionuclei. Calculations for the excitation functions using the Alice-IPPE code were performed with a view to estimate the weight of the different contributing reactions and to check the trend and the magnitude of the obtained experimental data.

New set-up for in-plane permeability measurement

The determination of accurate permeability values is critical to process simulations for Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). New instrumentation is presented in this paper for high throughput permeability measurements. The design extends the original work of Hoes [Hoes K. Development of a new sensor-based set-up for experimental permeability identification of fibrous media, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, 2003] with a new sensor design, a much larger sensor pattern, and new analysis software. For example, the new analysis software is more robust than previous versions in that it will compute the flow front orientation angle rather than assume the angle as given by the user. The new set-up was used to measure the permeability of a basalt woven 3/1 twill fabric. When compared with previous work on 2/2 twill and plain woven fabrics, a relationship was observed between the breadth of the anisotropy distribution, the correlation between the principle components of the permeability tensor, and the fabric structure. Such a relationship has implications for manufacturing reliability, and may help explain why some fabrics process much more consistently than others.

The Hendrickx–Vanwalleghem Design Strategy

The optimisation of structures and materials is a justifiably popular engineering topic. Contemporary research is concentrated, among others, into cost minimisation, structural efficiency and intelligence, in compliance with environmental and social preservation. As a counterpart this paper puts the accent on the time dependent aspect of constructions, such as the life cycle cost, the possibility to make (non-) structural changes and recycling or reuse of building material. In search of an optimisation of this ‘dynamic’ efficiency of constructions, a design strategy has been developed at the Vrije Universiteit Brussels (Departments of MeMC and ARCH). This strategy is presented here. It considers the temporal character of constructions from the first sketches onwards.

Minor Mlabri: A hunter-gatherer language of northern Indochina By Jørgen Rischel (review)

BOOK NOTICES 221 in first or second languages and even creóles, e.g. Véronique's contribution, describing the successive organizations of the means of modal reference in learner varieties and, in some articles at least (e.g. by Monique Lambert, Ursula Stephany, Anna Giacalone Ramat, Norbert Dittmar and Bernt Ahrenholz ), attempting to delineate the influence of language-specific and universal factors on the organization ofthis domain oflanguage at different points in development, all this within a general functionalist framework where the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of language are explicitly taken into account and where discourse is taken as a major operational space for the learner. Questions addressed include: (1) Do the various means to express modality appear in a fixed order in acquisition? (2) Does deontic meaning precede epistemic meaning in acquisition? (3) To what extent is grammaticahzation in the modal domain influenced by discourse pragmatics? (4) What is the role of the organization of modality in the target and source language with respect to the above issues? The quality of the contributions is variable, with some essentially preliminary descriptive studies of rather limited penetration and general interest. On the other hand, there are several excellent articles of wider empirical and theoretical relevance (e.g. by Véronique, Stephany, Giacalone Ramat, Dittmar and Ahrenholz). Ultimately, this volume would have been more cohesive and significant if the editors had provided a more extensive general introduction, outlining the analytic framework adopted and demonstrating how, rather than merely stating that, the findings of the studies reported here can contribute to theory construction in both (second) language acquisition research and general linguistics. [Alex Housen, Vrije Universiteit Brussels.] Minor Mlabri: A hunter-gatherer language of northern Indochina. By J0RGEN Rischel. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1995. Pp. 367. J0rgen Rischel's Minor Mlabri focuses on one of two varieties ofMlabri. Despite considerable interest in the language because of the speakers' long-standing hunter-gatherer tradition, even for Mon-Khmer specialists little hard data on any variety of Mlabri exists beyond a few wordlists, a gap that is filled admirably by this monograph. In the initial chapter (21-40), R distinguishes Minor Mlabri from the better known Major Mlabri, another variety of Mlabri R worked on together with the late S0ren Egerod and on which another monograph is being prepared. Despite marked differences in rhythm and intonation, Major and Minor Mlabri are close but have significant differences in vocabulary . The second chapter (41-62) places Mlabri in a diachronic, areal, and sociolinguistic context. Under intense pressures from other languages of the area, Minor Mlabri is close to extinction, spoken now by just eleven individuals with the younger speakers fluent in both Thai and Hmong and tending to use Mlabri only under the instigation of the elders. Ch. 3 (63-81) presents a phonological sketch concerned with segmental phonology, prosody, and the problems presented by variation along with a discussion ofthe central role ofphonology in distinguishing sentential units. In Ch. 4 (82-132), the morphology ofMlabri is discussed, including notes on affixation, infixation, causative formation, elaborate expressions , sound symbolism, and compounding. In addition , it contains interesting sections on word semantics, that is, polysemy, synonymy, and antinomy as well as on the words for eating, drinking, and smoking, color terms, and kinship terms. Ch. 5 (133-200) capably deals with phrasal syntax including word order, referentiality, and so on. R's invaluable lexicon is the focus of the final three chapters. Ch. 6 (201-18) discusses the selection and reliability of the given lexical material. Ch. 7 (219-342) is the Mlabri-English dictionary itself. Ch. 8 (343-62) is an English-Mlabri word index. The grammatical sketch is presented lucidly and insightfully, in a style that is clear and readable. R is candid about the limitations of the data and the potential shortcomings in the analyses. The framework is descriptive, rather than formalistic, but with frequent useful and insightful comments about possible formalizations, about the metalinguistic perceptions of his informants, and about the problems of eliciting data in the field. Scattered throughout are little digressions on intriguing linguistic tidbits that caught R's ear. The material has obvious value to Mon-Khmer diachronic studies, to areal...

An alphabetical guide to the language of name studies By Adrian Room, and: More names and naming: An annotated bibliography Comp, by Edwin D. Lawson (review)

BOOK NOTICES 221 in first or second languages and even creóles, e.g. Véronique's contribution, describing the successive organizations of the means of modal reference in learner varieties and, in some articles at least (e.g. by Monique Lambert, Ursula Stephany, Anna Giacalone Ramat, Norbert Dittmar and Bernt Ahrenholz ), attempting to delineate the influence of language-specific and universal factors on the organization ofthis domain oflanguage at different points in development, all this within a general functionalist framework where the semantic and pragmatic dimensions of language are explicitly taken into account and where discourse is taken as a major operational space for the learner. Questions addressed include: (1) Do the various means to express modality appear in a fixed order in acquisition? (2) Does deontic meaning precede epistemic meaning in acquisition? (3) To what extent is grammaticahzation in the modal domain influenced by discourse pragmatics? (4) What is the role of the organization of modality in the target and source language with respect to the above issues? The quality of the contributions is variable, with some essentially preliminary descriptive studies of rather limited penetration and general interest. On the other hand, there are several excellent articles of wider empirical and theoretical relevance (e.g. by Véronique, Stephany, Giacalone Ramat, Dittmar and Ahrenholz). Ultimately, this volume would have been more cohesive and significant if the editors had provided a more extensive general introduction, outlining the analytic framework adopted and demonstrating how, rather than merely stating that, the findings of the studies reported here can contribute to theory construction in both (second) language acquisition research and general linguistics. [Alex Housen, Vrije Universiteit Brussels.] Minor Mlabri: A hunter-gatherer language of northern Indochina. By J0RGEN Rischel. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1995. Pp. 367. J0rgen Rischel's Minor Mlabri focuses on one of two varieties ofMlabri. Despite considerable interest in the language because of the speakers' long-standing hunter-gatherer tradition, even for Mon-Khmer specialists little hard data on any variety of Mlabri exists beyond a few wordlists, a gap that is filled admirably by this monograph. In the initial chapter (21-40), R distinguishes Minor Mlabri from the better known Major Mlabri, another variety of Mlabri R worked on together with the late S0ren Egerod and on which another monograph is being prepared. Despite marked differences in rhythm and intonation, Major and Minor Mlabri are close but have significant differences in vocabulary . The second chapter (41-62) places Mlabri in a diachronic, areal, and sociolinguistic context. Under intense pressures from other languages of the area, Minor Mlabri is close to extinction, spoken now by just eleven individuals with the younger speakers fluent in both Thai and Hmong and tending to use Mlabri only under the instigation of the elders. Ch. 3 (63-81) presents a phonological sketch concerned with segmental phonology, prosody, and the problems presented by variation along with a discussion ofthe central role ofphonology in distinguishing sentential units. In Ch. 4 (82-132), the morphology ofMlabri is discussed, including notes on affixation, infixation, causative formation, elaborate expressions , sound symbolism, and compounding. In addition , it contains interesting sections on word semantics, that is, polysemy, synonymy, and antinomy as well as on the words for eating, drinking, and smoking, color terms, and kinship terms. Ch. 5 (133-200) capably deals with phrasal syntax including word order, referentiality, and so on. R's invaluable lexicon is the focus of the final three chapters. Ch. 6 (201-18) discusses the selection and reliability of the given lexical material. Ch. 7 (219-342) is the Mlabri-English dictionary itself. Ch. 8 (343-62) is an English-Mlabri word index. The grammatical sketch is presented lucidly and insightfully, in a style that is clear and readable. R is candid about the limitations of the data and the potential shortcomings in the analyses. The framework is descriptive, rather than formalistic, but with frequent useful and insightful comments about possible formalizations, about the metalinguistic perceptions of his informants, and about the problems of eliciting data in the field. Scattered throughout are little digressions on intriguing linguistic tidbits that caught R's ear. The material has obvious value to Mon-Khmer diachronic studies, to areal...

The start of the sub-Saharan fertility transitions: some answers and many questions.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 709, Issue 1 p. 379-395 The Start of the Sub-Saharan Fertility Transitions: Some Answers and Many Questionsa R. LESTHAEGHE, R. LESTHAEGHE Interface Demography Vrije Universiteit Brussels Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorC. JOLLY, C. JOLLY Population Committee National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C.Search for more papers by this author R. LESTHAEGHE, R. LESTHAEGHE Interface Demography Vrije Universiteit Brussels Pleinlaan 2 B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorC. JOLLY, C. JOLLY Population Committee National Academy of Sciences Washington D.C.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30424.xCitations: 5 † The authors and not the institutions listed are responsible for the content of this paper. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume709, Issue1Human Reproductive Ecology: Interactions of Environment, Fertility, and BehaviorFebruary 1994Pages 379-395 RelatedInformation

Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism

Journal of Internal MedicineVolume 226, Issue 6 p. 463-464 Magnetic resonance imaging of the adrenal glands in the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism H. D. M. Spapen, Corresponding Author H. D. M. Spapen Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumAddress for correspondence: H. Spapen, Department of Internal Medicine, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorE. Achten, E. Achten Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorF. De Geeter, F. De Geeter Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorC. Keppens, C. Keppens Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorA. G. Dupont, A. G. Dupont Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author H. D. M. Spapen, Corresponding Author H. D. M. Spapen Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumAddress for correspondence: H. Spapen, Department of Internal Medicine, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorE. Achten, E. Achten Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorF. De Geeter, F. De Geeter Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorC. Keppens, C. Keppens Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this authorA. G. Dupont, A. G. Dupont Department of Internal Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brusse, BelgiumSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1989 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01426.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume226, Issue6December 1989Pages 463-464 RelatedInformation