VR Technique Research Articles

The visual preference and physiological response to Sierpinski triangle acoustic diffuser: An experimental study using VR technique

Diffusive surfaces should be optimally designed for acoustic and aesthetic purposes. Fractals are commonly used to adapt to the parametric demands of interface design combining mathematical calculation and artistic creation. The author’s previous study proposed an improved fractal acoustic structure based on the Sierpinski-triangle building rule. However, there is insufficient research on quantifying the physiological and visual benefits of such fractal features. Focusing on fractal iteration and randomness of module arrangement as fractal parameters, this study investigates in 3D-virtual reality meeting rooms and identifies the influence of fractal diffusion structures on visual preferences and physiological responses. Variance analysis is used to construct models of fractal parameters, subjective preference factors, and physiological indicators. Results suggest that the Sierpinski-triangle pattern iterated twice with mid-high complexity (quantified by the fractal dimension D = 1.58) is significantly more visually preferred than other fractals. When the modules are at low randomness (quantified by P = 0.25), more random module arrangements elicited better beneficial outcomes. However, as the degree of randomness increased, effects became increasingly irregular. Subjective evaluation factors and physiological indicators show a strong correlation. To sum up, the use of the medium to mid-high complexity fractals in interior spaces would help enhance the visual preferences and stress relief of occupants.

Virtual reality techniques for trauma education

In this article we discuss the evolution of computers and the use of VR for trauma education. We reflect on available literature and share the lessons we learned.VR allows you to share your most interesting and rare patient cases with a bedside teaching experience. Since there are more and different possibilities with VR we recommend a new design of teaching. In our experience, creativity is needed to deviate from the conventional educational paths. Remember that VR technique alone cannot compensate for bad content. When designing your VR script, do not underestimate the digital insight of the new generations. To increase the learning curve, use interactive menus in VR environment with a restrained script. After the design of the educational content, recording with VR cameras is relatively easy, while editing is more complex.A choice between monoscopic versus stereoscopic viewing and a 180° or 360° field of view has to made, based on learning objectives.With the use of a questionnaire, we evaluated the learning and side effects of VR education in our students. We learned that nausea and uncomfortable feeling can be a negative side effect of VR education. 23% Of our students reported some form of cybersickness during the VR sessions. To reduce cybersickness we advise to use most modern VR devices to prevent lagging. Literature suggests that cybersickness can be reduced by chewing gum and by setting a correct interpupillary distance of the goggle. To reduce motion sickness acceleration and deceleration in the VR environment should be minimized. Based on our experience we advise to limit VR educational sessions to a maximum of one hour.Although the VR techniques currently have some limitations, the quality and possibilities of this technique are rapidly improving. VR education will certainly be a part of trauma education in the future; Be prepared!

Virtual sedation as a substitute to pharmacological sedation during PICC placement in pediatric patients: A feasibility study.

In pediatric patients, PICC insertion is often performed under sedation to reduce pain and anxiety, which is associated with risks such as laryngospasm, apnea, and hypoxia. Furthermore, it requires a pediatric anesthesiologist. The aim of our study was to evaluate the VR as an alternative to pharmacological sedation to reduce those risks and the overall cost. We tested a VR immersive experience for ten children requiring a PICC. To achieve this, we ran a software, specifically designed for the pediatric healthcare setting, on a commercially available VR headset.In order to evaluate this new practice, we recorded the following data:Patient's anxiety before and after the procedure, recorded through a modified numeric rating scale from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (worst anxiety imaginable).Patient's pain before (e.g., because of preexisting medical conditions) and after the procedure through a Wong-Baker scale.Caregiver's satisfaction.No active or passive restraint was enforced during the whole procedure, patients had to keep their arms still all by themselves. Out of the 10 patients only in a single case, we had to interrupt the attempt with the VR technique and let the anesthesiologist perform a sedation. From the immediate beginning said patient had trouble adapting to the virtual environment and tried to remove the headset.In all other cases, we noticed a drop in the anxiety level of the patient and the pain never increased. Globally, caregivers were pleased with the experience and reported an average satisfaction rate of 9.3 out of 10. Virtual reality seems a valid alternative to traditional sedation in pediatric patients undergoing a PICC placement procedure. Additional studies, with adequate sample size, of patients are necessary to assess the benefit from this new approach, as well as its impact on the overall procedure length.

Attitudes and opinions about 360 virtual videos to relieve muscle pain and fibrosis in the neck and shoulder

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a musculoskeletal disease that is stimulated by Myofascial trigger points (TrPs). Exercise is recognized as one of the most essential treatment interventions for people at risk of MPS. Currently, there is an inexpensive equipment available on the online market for recording 360 videos. Meanwhile, YouTube provides free services for users to upload 360 videos. Based on these advances, the VR technique to treat MPS should have a better opportunity to reach more users. The primary aim of this research was to examine the attitudes and opinions of working-age women on VR360 videos presenting content focused on relieving MPS in the neck and shoulder area by conducting simple exercises. The 20 working-age women aged 25-40 who were considered at risk of the MPS were selected as participants of this study. The questionnaires and in-depth interviews were utilized to collect the data after the participants viewed the VR360 video, during March-April 2017. The participants were extremely satisfied with the VR360 video. They strongly agree that the VR360 video makes them concentrate on the subject seen in the face rather than the normal video, feel part of the event that they were viewing and feel free to control the direction of viewing. They also agreed that the video was interesting and well-organized, while the choice of presenter, location, emotional expression, mood and tone and duration were appropriate. Working women who watched VR360 videos with content to relieve muscle pain and fibrosis in the neck and shoulder area have a positive opinion on the subject. The combination of adequate and well-designed content and lowered costs of relevant technology make VR360 videos an acceptable method of dealing with pain.

The Application of Cognitive Science and VR Technique in the Treatment of Autistic Children

The Application of Cognitive Science and VR Technique in the Treatment of Autistic Children

Virtual reality in rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss in adults

Objectives - to study the influence of the individual characteristics of a patient with chronic sensorineural hearing loss on the perception of VR technique. Material and methods. The perception of VR was studied in 77 people in relation to their gender, age, auditory function, psychological and cognitive status. Results. All the patients positively evaluated the use of the virtual reality method. The level of perception of VR in adults is determined by the degree of auditory impairment. A negative correlation was revealed between the indicators of cognitive and psychological status of the examined persons and the level of perception of VR. Conclusion. The VR technique can improve the existing aural rehabilitation methods, especially in the group of people with socially significant hearing impairments.

3D VR 기법을 활용한 온라인 전시 콘텐츠 구현방안 - 대통령 기록관을 중심으로 -

본 연구는 대통령 기록관 웹 사이트에서 서비스하고 있는 온라인 전시 기록물을 대상으로 3D VR 기법을 활용한 전시 콘텐츠 구현방안에 대해 제안하였다. 특히, 본 연구에서는 3D VR 기법을 활용한 전시용 콘텐츠 제작에 따른 요구사항 및 방법을 제안하였다. 전시용 콘텐츠 제작을 위해 문헌연구 및 대통령 기록관 온라인 전시 기록물의 분석을 통해 매체 유형별로 분류하였고, 이를 바탕으로 효과적인 3D VR 기법의 활용방안을 모색하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 박물유형의 기록물을 선정하여 3D VR 콘텐츠 전시 모델을 제안하고, 구현 사례를 제시하였다. This study aims to propose the exhibition contents by utilizing the technique for 3D VR using the presidential archives that are provided on the web-site. Especially, this study proposed requirements and a method to develop exhibition contents based on 3D VR technique. To accomplish it, this study analyzed literature review and cases of the online exhibition in presidential archives and then classified contents to find out how to apply 3D VR for exhibition contents effectively. With the results of the analysis, this study selected the type of records and proposed the effective 3D VR model as displaying contents. Then, this study developed an implementation case.

A Generalized Visual Aid System for Teleoperation Applied to Satellite Servicing

This paper presents the latest results of a newly developed visual aid system for direct teleoperation. This method is extended to visual control to make an efficient teleoperation system by combining direct teleoperation and automatic control. On the one hand, an operator can conduct direct teleoperation with 3D graphic prediction simulation established by the VR technique. In order to remove inconsistencies between the virtual and real environments, a practical model-matching method is investigated. On the other hand, to realize real-time visual servoing control, a particular object recognition and pose estimation algorithm based on polygonal approximation is investigated to ensure a low computational cost for image processing. To avoid undesired forces involved in contact operation, 3D visual servoing incorporating a compliant control based on impedance control is developed. Finally, in a representative laboratory environment, a typical satellite servicing experiment is carried out based on this combined system. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Design and Implementation of Virtual Royal Garden in Northern Song Dynasty with Stereoscopic Display

With the development of virtual reality technology, using the VR technique to realize landscaping planning and ancient architecture reconstruction has become a hot research and application topic. In this paper, we use VR technique to restored the scene of the famous painting which named " Riverside Scene At Qingming Festival" by Mr. Zeduan Zhang who was a famous painter in Northern Song Dynasty. In construction of the 3D ancient scene model, this paper consultes and analyses many references about the building spatial form of the imperial garden in the Northern Song Dynasty, and put forward the method for constructing the 3D model of ancient architecture. The real-time roaming system is constructed based on the VR Platform Virtools. In addition, we research and implement the stereoscopic displaying in the roaming system by using the shading programming technique of Vritools. Experimental results show that our system provides a very immersive impression for the virtual exhibition of ancient scenes. The modeling method put forward in the paper provides a good reference for the construction of ancient architecture.

Comparing three-dimensional volume-rendered CT images with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy in the evaluation of airway compression caused by tuberculous lymphadenopathy in children

Lymphobronchial tuberculosis (TB) causes airway compression in 38% of patients. The airway obstruction is conventionally assessed with fibreoptic tracheobronchoscopy (FTB). Multidetector-row spiral computed tomography (MDCT) with three-dimensional volume rendering (3-D VR) has significantly improved the imaging of the airways. No previous studies have assessed the accuracy of 3-D VR in determining the degree of airway compression in children due to TB lymphadenopathy. To compare 3-D VR CT to FTB for the assessment of airway compression due to TB lymphadenopathy in children. Included in the study were 26 children presenting with symptoms of airway compression caused by pulmonary TB. MDCT of the chest and FTB were performed in all patients. Retrospective 3-D VR reconstruction of the major airways was performed from the original CT raw data and used to evaluate the tracheobronchial tree for site and degree of airway compression and then compared to the FTB findings. FTB was used as the reference standard By FTB 87 sites of airway compression were identified. Using the 3-D VR technique, 138 sites of airway compression were identified, of which 78 (90%) matched with the sites identified by FTB. The sensitivity and specificity of 3-D VR when compared with that of FTB was 92% and 85%, respectively. In four patients (15%), severe narrowing of the bronchus intermedius made FTB evaluation of the right middle and right lower lobe bronchi impossible. VR demonstrated significant distal obstruction in three of these four patients 3-D VR demonstrates a very good correlation with FTB in determining airway compression caused by TB lymphadenopathy in children. In combination with FTB, 3-D VR adds confidence to the bronchoscopy findings and complements FTB by adding additional information on the status of the airway distal to severe obstructions unreachable by FTB.

225 廃棄物処理・リサイクルシステムにおける安全・安心対応策に関する検討 : 3D-VR技術等を活用した効果的な運転員教育支援ツールの開発(環境マネジメント・手法(2),資源循環・廃棄物処理技術)

225 廃棄物処理・リサイクルシステムにおける安全・安心対応策に関する検討 : 3D-VR技術等を活用した効果的な運転員教育支援ツールの開発(環境マネジメント・手法(2),資源循環・廃棄物処理技術)

疲労と生理応答を対象としたVR酔いの検討 : VR技術を用いた居住環境の提示・評価に関する基礎的研究 その2

In this report, the following conclusions can be drawn after our experiment identified the state of subjects' physiological responses by selecting those exhibiting any VR sickness symptom from 115 general subjects and showing them walkthrough-composed images. (1) The comparison of a value of VR sickness observed and types of displayed images found that the extent of VR sickness is largely determined by distance from the presented image and the passage time of the VR experiences, and that the value of VR sickness observed increases with the passage time. (2) The comparison of types of displayed images found that the sickness by the image is not necessarily caused by stereoscopic vision, in addition to image quality. (3) As for the consideration of the weariness, visual weariness and VR sickness show a high correlation, and when a VR sickness symptom is observed, the rate of visual weariness indicates a relative increase. (4) While the discussion on physiological responses show that a short-time VR experience does not affect the autonomic nervous function, it is suggested that a three-dimensional vision displayed on the screen generates a state of tension, causing subjects VR sickness, according to the analysis of time-series behavior of the heart rate.

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Angiography with Volume Rendering Technique in the Evaluation of Intracranial Aneurysms: Comparison with Three-Dimensional Digital Subtraction Angiography

Purpose: The author compared three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography with combined volume rendering technique (3D-CTA VR) with three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) in the detection and characterization of intracranial aneurysms, in order to assess the diagnostic capability of 3DCTA VR. Materials and Methods: This study included 50 patients with suspected intracranial aneurysm who underwent both 3D-CTA VR and 3D-DSA, and who were subsequently confirmed as having aneurysms by intracranial operation or other neurointerventional procedures. The detectability and the characteristics of the aneurysms, such as their aneurysmal neck, direction, and vasospasm of the adjacent vessels, were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Sixty-five intracranial aneurysms were detected through surgery or other interventional procedures. 3D-DSA was more sensitive (96.92%) than 3D-CTA VR in the detection of the aneurysms. All of the aneurysms that were more than 3mm in size were detected with both techniques. 3D-DSA failed to reveal one posterior communicating artery aneurysm, while 3D-CTA VR missed three aneurysms. The aneurysmal necks were clearly visualized in 58 of 61 aneurysms (95.1%) on 3D-CTA VR, but all of the aneurysmal necks(100%) were clearly identified on 3D-DSA. Conclusion: 3D-CTA combined with VR technique showed good sensitivity for the depiction of intracranial aneurysms greater than 3 mm in size, and its usefulness in characterizing the aneurysms for surgical or endovascular treatment planning was equal to or less than that of 3D-DSA.