Vortex Magnetic Fields Research Articles

Vortex magnetic induction: Mathematical, geometric and experimental characterization.

Some current energy transfer modules and magnetic stimulation systems with vortex fields are mostly composed of a Rodin coil. It has been hypothesized that the most significant changes in the biological system stimulated with vortex magnetic fields are related to the type of field lines and its magnetic field gradient. Therefore, characterizing the vortex magnetic field produced inside this coil and defining the behavior of the field gradient is necessary to take full advantage of its efficiency. The theoretical Biot-Savart law for this coil geometry is discussed in this work, and the magnetic induction lines are characterized. Magnetic field modeling is done with the finite element method; the above processes are correlated with the register of the magnetic field of the Rodin performed with a three-dimensional magnetometer. Furthermore, the results obtained with Rodin coil stimulation are compared with those obtained with Helmholtz coil stimulation of a similar biological system. The effect is widely evident in the first case.

An Extremely Low-Frequency Vortex Magnetic Field Modifies Protein Expression, Rearranges the Cytoskeleton, and Induces Apoptosis of a Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line.

Homogeneous extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) alter biological phenomena, including the cell phenotype and proliferation rate. Heterogenous vortex magnetic fields (VMFs), a new approach of exposure to magnetic fields, induce systematic movements on charged biomolecules from target cells; however, the effect of VMFs on living systems remains uncertain. Here, we designed, constructed, and characterized an ELF-VMF-modified Rodin's coil to expose SH-SY5Y cells. Samples were analyzed by performing 2D-differential-gel electrophoresis, identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF, validated by western blotting, and characterized by confocal microscopy. A total of 106 protein spots were differentially expressed; 40 spots were downregulated and 66 were upregulated in the exposed cell proteome, compared to the control cell proteome. The identified spots are associated with cytoskeleton and cell viability proteins, and according to the protein-protein interaction network, a significant interaction among them was found. Our data revealed a decrease in cell survival associated with apoptotic cells without effects on the cell cycle, as well as evident changes in the cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that ELF-VMFs, at a specific frequency and exposure time, alter the cell proteome and structurally affect the target cells. This is the first report showing that VMF application might be a versatile system for testing different hypotheses in living systems, using appropriate exposure parameters.© 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.

Low frequency vortex magnetic field reduces amyloid β aggregation, increase cell viability and protect from amyloid β toxicity

ABSTRACT Plaques formed by abnormal accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) lead to onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Pharmacological treatments do not reduce Aβ aggregation neither restore learning and memory. Noninvasive techniques have emerged as an alternative to treat AD, such as stimulation with electromagnetic fields (EMF) that decrease Aβ deposition and reverses cognitive impairment in AD mice, even though some studies showed side effects on parallel magnetic fields stimulation. As a new approach of magnetic field (MF) stimulation, vortex magnetic fields (VMF) have been tested inducing a random movement of charged biomolecules in cells, promoting cell viability and apparently safer than parallel magnetic fields. In this study we demonstrate the effect of VMF on Aβ aggregation. The experimental strategy includes, i) design and construction of a coil capable to induce VMF, ii) evaluation of VMF stimulation on Aβ peptide induced-fibrils-formation, iii) evaluation of VMF stimulation on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line in the presence of Aβ peptide. We demonstrated for the first time that Aβ aggregation exposed to VMF during 24 h decreased ~ 86% of Aβ fibril formation compared to control. Likewise, VMF stimulation reduced Aβ fibrils-cytotoxicity and increase SH-SY5Y cell viability. These data establish the basis for future investigation that involve VMF as inhibitor of Aβ-pathology and indicate the therapeutic potential of VMF for AD treatment.

Methods of measuring the influence of electro-magnetic radiation of vehicles on the person and the environment

The influence of modern automobiles and automobile flows on the environment and human health is considered. Suggestions have been made to develop a methodology for measuring electromagnetic emissions from automobiles at the stage of their operation and repair. The article is an analysis of research on the negative and harmful factors of exposure to electromagnetic fields and radiation on the human body, exceeding the existing standards several times (according to some foreign sources) on the examples of Ukraine and abroad. According to various literary sources, the electromagnetic pollution of the urban environment from motor vehicles can reach 30 %. Indicators of the electromagnetic field (EMF) depend on the intensity of the motor transport. At present, the percentage of EMF from road transport in cities has increased significantly. The percentage of EMF increases due to increased traffic flows, the number and power of electrical equipment of a single vehicle. The motor vehicle though is a relatively low-powered source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), but the EMR problem exists. At the same time, there is still no clear definition of what level of exposure is harmful to health. Official safety tests in most countries do not measure the strength of such fields in cars. The nature of electromagnetic radiation is associated with vortex electrical and magnetic fields. The degree of influence is determined by the amount of energy of electromagnetic radiation, depending on the frequency or wavelength. By electrical properties, most living tissues at frequencies above 60 kHz can be considered as animate dielectrics. A man-caused background created by the flow of vehicles equipped with a system of ignition, on highways and in densely populated locations in the period of intense traffic far exceeds the natural. The highest level of electromagnetic field intensity is observed in cities and industrial zones. The analysis shows that the electromagnetic environment will deteriorate as the number of cars increases. The situation is complicated by the fact that in the process of operation, the level of electromagnetic radiation, in particular from the ignition system of the car, increases in the result of the aging processes of various designs and elements that affect the parameters of the EMF.

Possible New Astrophysical Effects of the Gravitational Interaction of Stationary Vortex Electric and Magnetic Fields

Possible realistic means of formation of wormholes are considered and investigated. As a realization of such, it is proposed to apply self-gravitating physical fields having a vortex character. In the present paper, we consider using a stationary vortex electric field. We show that within the framework of Einstein’s theory of gravitation, a self-gravitating vortex electric field can induce the formation of wormholes. We also show that the combined use of a vortex electric field and a vortex magnetic field improves the traversability of the obtained wormholes since their throat radii are significantly increased.

Gradient-Type Magnetoelectric Current Sensor with Strong Multisource Noise Suppression.

A novel gradient-type magnetoelectric (ME) current sensor operating in magnetic field gradient (MFG) detection and conversion mode is developed based on a pair of ME composites that have a back-to-back capacitor configuration under a baseline separation and a magnetic biasing in an electrically-shielded and mechanically-enclosed housing. The physics behind the current sensing process is the product effect of the current-induced MFG effect associated with vortex magnetic fields of current-carrying cables (i.e., MFG detection) and the MFG-induced ME effect in the ME composite pair (i.e., MFG conversion). The sensor output voltage is directly obtained from the gradient ME voltage of the ME composite pair and is calibrated against cable current to give the current sensitivity. The current sensing performance of the sensor is evaluated, both theoretically and experimentally, under multisource noises of electric fields, magnetic fields, vibrations, and thermals. The sensor combines the merits of small nonlinearity in the current-induced MFG effect with those of high sensitivity and high common-mode noise rejection rate in the MFG-induced ME effect to achieve a high current sensitivity of 0.65–12.55 mV/A in the frequency range of 10 Hz–170 kHz, a small input-output nonlinearity of <500 ppm, a small thermal drift of <0.2%/ in the current range of 0–20 A, and a high common-mode noise rejection rate of 17–28 dB from multisource noises.

Low-Energy Complex Magnetotherapy in Oncology

A new direction in magnetotherapy has developed in recent years, particularly in Russia, on the basis of Russian-manufactured magnetotherapy instruments of the “Magnitoturbotron” type; in this approach, the whole body is exposed to weak low-frequency vortex magnetic fields (VMF). One systemwide VMF magnetotherapy approach is the introduction of this treatment to regimens for the radial and restorative treatment of oncological diseases. In this regard, the effective use of weak low-frequency VMF on the patient’s body requires deeper study of both the local effects of treatment on tumors, but also the systemic reactions of the body as a whole.

Determining the vortex tilt relative to a superconductor surface

It is of interest to determine the exit angle of a vortex from a superconductor surface, since this affects the intervortex interactions and their consequences. Two ways to determine this angle are to image the vortex magnetic fields above the surface, or the vortex core shape at the surface. In this work we evaluate the field $\mathbit{h}(x,y,z)$ above a flat superconducting surface $x,y$ and the currents $\mathbit{J}(x,y)$ at that surface for a straight vortex tilted relative to the normal to the surface, for both the isotropic and anisotropic cases. In principle, these results can be used to determine the vortex exit tilt angle from analyses of magnetic field imaging or density of states data.

Magnetic and Electric Charges in Physics and Technology of Electromagnetic and Magnetoelectric Induction

Experimental and theoretical researches performed by the author (period: 1969-present) showed that magnetic spinor particles (magnetic charges) are real structural components of atoms and substance and immediate sources of all magnetic fields and magnetic manifestations in Nature. Magnetic charges, that constitute together with electrical charges atomic shells got of title: magnetons and antimagnetons (respectively with charges g− and g+ under fundamental condition: g = e). Furthermore, in addition to participating in structures of atomic shells, the magnetic charges exist in potential and even in real zones conduction of solids. The magnetic and electric spinor particles in atoms and substance exist in form such of the spinor associations as the magnetic and electric bispinors. Under influence of external magnetic field in conductor being implemented polarization of magnetic bispinors with formation of magnetic dipoles. Internal fields magnetic dipoles is directed against an external magnetic field and is a simple explanation of such a physical manifestation as diamagnetism. During the rotation of these dipoles in the conductor are formed of the vortex magnetic dipole fields, which and create an electromotive force, i.e. are responsible for the electromagnetic induction. Author proposed new magneto-electric technology called the magnetoelectric induction, as the result of which the permanent current of magnetic charges is created. However, such currents may be implemented solely in the superconductors. In the article presented the main reasons which more hundred year old hinder recognition and technical use of the real magnetic charges and their currents what considerably slow down the global scientific and technological progress.

High current sensitivity and large magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive–piezoelectric concentric ring

A magnetostrictive–piezoelectric concentric ring (MPCR) is fabricated, and its current sensitivity and magnetoelectric effect are studied theoretically and experimentally. The MPCR has an inner Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92/NdFeB/epoxy magnetostrictive composite ring with a circumferential magnetization and an internal magnetic biasing bonded concentrically to an outer Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 piezoelectric ceramic ring with a wall-thickness polarization. The current sensing in the MPCR is based on the direct coupling of vortex magnetic fields generated by current-carrying cables with the magnetoelectric effect in the MPCR structure. The MPCR shows high and linear current sensitivities and magnetoelectric voltage coefficients of 15–17 mV/A and 22–26 mV/Oe in the nonresonance frequency range of 1 Hz–50 kHz, and of 185 mV/A and 277 mV/Oe at the fundamental shape resonance of 96 kHz, for current and vortex magnetic field levels of up to 10 A and 6.7 Oe, respectively.

Mechanical properties of electron vortices

It is shown how the quantum mechanical mass flux and the electromagnetic fields of an electron Bessel vortex mode generate its intrinsic linear momentum and angular momentum properties. Although the corresponding volume density vectors due to the mass flux contain transverse vector components, their volume integrals are shown by explicit analysis to yield null results. The total linear and angular momenta are thus purely axial vectors. There are additional contributions associated with the vortex electric and magnetic fields and these too are shown to be purely axial vectors. Order of magnitude estimates are made in the context of a suggested experiment on the rotation of an optically levitated nanoparticle subject to an electron vortex.

Strong intrinsic mixing in vortex magnetic fields

We report a method of magnetic mixing wherein a "vortex" magnetic field applied to a suspension of magnetic particles creates strong homogeneous mixing throughout the fluid volume. Experiments designed to elucidate the microscopic mechanism of mixing show that the torque is quadratic in the field, decreases with field frequency, and is optimized at a vortex field angle of approximately 55 degrees . Theory and simulations indicate that the field-induced formation of volatile particle chains is responsible for these phenomena. This technique has applications in microfluidic devices and is ideally suited to applications such as accelerating the binding of target biomolecules to biofunctionalized magnetic microbeads.

Theory of strong intrinsic mixing of particle suspensions in vortex magnetic fields

Recent experiments have shown that a type of triaxial magnetic field we call a vortex field can induce strong mixing in a magnetic particle suspension. A vortex triaxial field consists of a rotating magnetic field in a horizontal plane, with a dc field applied normal to this. The mixing torque is found to be independent of the field frequency and fluid viscosity over a broad range; scales as the square of the applied field; and is strongest for a balanced triaxial field-one in which the root-mean-square amplitudes of the three field components are equal. In this paper we show that these anomalous effects are consistent with the formation of volatile particle chains that have a precessionlike motion. Theoretical results are given for both particle chains and magnetic rods for arbitrary vortex field angles. A key conclusion is that the mixing torque is independent of particle size, making this mixing technique scale adaptive, and thus suitable for microfluidics applications.

Biosensor Measurements on Diffusion Coefficients of Physiologically Active Substances in Brain Tissue

Three methods are proposed for determining the diffusion coefficient D for several substances in vivo. The results are discussed along with the prospects for using chemical biosensors for examining the variations in D produced by external physical factors (vortex magnetic fields).

Center vortices, nexuses, and the Georgi-Glashow model

In a gauge theory with no Higgs fields the mechanism for confinement is by center vortices, but in theories with adjoint Higgs fields and generic symmetry breaking, such as the Georgi-Glashow model, Polyakov showed that in $d=3$ confinement arises via a condensate of 't Hooft--Polyakov monopoles. We study the connection in $d=3$ between pure-gauge-theory and the theory with adjoint Higgs fields by varying the Higgs VEV $v.$ As one lowers $v$ from the Polyakov semiclassical regime $v\ensuremath{\gg}g (g$ is the gauge coupling) toward zero, where the unbroken theory lies, one encounters effects associated with the unbroken theory at a finite value $v\ensuremath{\simeq}g,$ where dynamical mass generation of a gauge-symmetric gauge-boson mass $m\ensuremath{\simeq}{g}^{2}$ takes place, in addition to the Higgs-generated non-symmetric mass $M\ensuremath{\simeq}\mathrm{vg}.$ This dynamical mass generation is forced by the infrared instability (in both 3 and 4 dimensions) of the pure-gauge theory. We construct solitonic configurations of the theory with both $m,M\ensuremath{\ne}0$ which are generically closed loops consisting of nexuses (a class of soliton recently studied for the pure-gauge theory), each paired with an antinexus, sitting like beads on a string of center vortices with vortex fields always pointing into (out of) a nexus (antinexus); the vortex magnetic fields extend a transverse distance $1/m.$ An isolated nexus with vortices is continuously deformable from the 't Hooft--Polyakov $(m=0)$ monopole to the pure-gauge--nexus-vortex complex $(M=0).$ In the pure-gauge $M=0$ limit the homotopy ${\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{2}(\mathrm{SU}(2)/U(1))=Z$ [or its analog for $\mathrm{SU}(N)]$ of the 't Hooft--Polyakov monopoles is no longer applicable, and is replaced by the center-vortex homotopy ${\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{1}({\mathrm{SU}(N)/Z}_{N}){=Z}_{N}$ of the center vortices.

Light-induced vortex currents and magnetic fields in semiconductors

Light-induced generation of the vortex (closed inside the sample) electric currents and magnetic fields is predicted for semiconductors. Vortex currents are generated by the forces separating non-equilibrium charge carriers of different type under the condition of inhomogeneity of the light/sample system as a whole along the illumination surface. Combining various profiles of the semiconductor inhomogeneity and light intensity distribution allows the realization of a wide variety of currents and magnetic field configurations (toroidal, circular, etc) controllable by light and external fields.