Vorapaxar Research Articles

Mini-Review: The Chemistry of Vorapaxar – Is There Any Room for Improvement Left?

Mini-Review: The Chemistry of Vorapaxar – Is There Any Room for Improvement Left?

State transition model: vorapaxar added to standard antiplatelet therapy to prevent thrombosis post myocardial infarction or peripheral artery disease

Objective: To evaluate long-term health benefits and risks of adding vorapaxar (VOR) to the standard care antiplatelet therapy (SC) of aspirin and/or clopidogrel, among a population with a recent myocardial infarction (MI) and/or peripheral artery disease (PAD).Research design and methods: In a state-transition model, patients transition between health states (event-free, recurrent MI, stroke, death), while at risk of experiencing non-transition-related revascularization and non-fatal bleeding events. Risk equations developed from the TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 trial’s patient-level data were used to predict cardiovascular (CV) outcomes over longer time horizons. Additional sources, including trials and US-based observational studies, informed the inputs for short-term CV risk, non-CV death, and health-related quality of life. Survival and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated over a lifetime horizon, discounted at 3% per year.Results: Within a cohort of 7361 patients with recent MI and/or PAD, VOR + SC relative to SC alone yielded 176 fewer CV events (MIs, strokes, or CV deaths), but 27 more major bleeding events. VOR + SC was associated with increased life expectancy and health benefits (19.93 undiscounted life-years [LYs], 9.57 discounted QALYs vs. 19.61 undiscounted LYs, 9.41 discounted QALYs). The results were most sensitive to scenarios varying time of vorapaxar initiation, and the assumptions in the 90 day period post-MI. Additional analyses showed that add-on vorapaxar provides consistent incremental benefits in high-risk subgroups.Conclusion: This study contributes to the growing literature on secondary prevention add-on therapy, as results from these modeling analyses suggest that adding vorapaxar to SC for patients at high atherothrombotic risk can provide long-term health benefits.

A State Transition Model for Health Outcomes Associated with Vorapaxar Treatment as an Add-on to Standard Care Antiplatelet Therapy in the Prevention of Thrombotic Events for Patients with a Recent Myocardial Infarction.

The TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 trial showed the addition of vorapaxar to standard care (SC) antiplatelet therapy reduced the combined risk of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke, while exhibiting an increase in moderate, but not other bleeding events. Our objective was to estimate the long-term health benefits and risks of vorapaxar as an add-on to SC treatment (lifetime aspirin and up to 12months of clopidogrel) for patients with a prior MI and without a history of cerebrovascular disease. In the state transition model we developed, the patients transition between states due to recurrent MI, stroke, or death, and are at risk of non-fatal bleeding. Risk equations were developed from individual patient-level data from the TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 trial to predict long-term cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Additional sources informed inputs for case fatality, bleeding rates on SC, risk of non-CV death, and utilities. Over a lifetime horizon, fewer CV events and more bleeding events occurred in the vorapaxar (VOR)+SC arm, relative to the SC-only arm. These results were ultimately accompanied by an increase in life expectancy and health benefits associated with add-on vorapaxar treatment, as the VOR+SC arm yielded an average of 8.27 discounted quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared with an average of 7.96 discounted QALYs in the SC-only arm. This model framework leveraged novel risk equations to make long-term projections of CV events in a population at high risk of recurrence. Model results suggest vorapaxar is most effective as add-on therapy to SC antiplatelet treatment when initiated upon hospital discharge post-MI.

Vorapaxar Has Greater Net Benefit in Patients with Diabetes

Vorapaxar is a new type of antiplatelet agent that blocks thrombin-induced activation at the protease activated receptor 1. In patients with myocardial

A Thin Slice of Pie: Vorapaxar for Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

Vorapaxar inhibits platelet activation by blocking protease-activated receptor 1, the main thrombin receptor. The TRA 2P–TIMI 50 study demonstrated