Volume Memory Research Articles

Effect of Differentiated Approach to Physical Activity Dosing on Mental Performance of Adolescents

Introduction. The article deals with an innovative approach to the dosing of physical activity taking into account the functional capabilities of adolescents and its impact on the mental performance of students. The aim of the study is to identify the impact of physical activity associated with the manifestation of general endurance on the mental performance of middle school students under different conditions of its dosing. Methodology. The study compares the effect of the load on general endurance without taking into account the physical capabilities of the organism of schoolchildren of grades 5–8 and in accordance with their functional fitness on the indicators of various properties of attention, semantic memory, and logical thinking. Results. The obtained data reflect the percentage ratio of adolescents with improvement, deterioration of mental performance indicators, as well as those in whom no changes were revealed taking into account individual intellectual development. It was revealed that after the differentiated approach, in contrast to the undifferentiated one, the majority of adolescents improved the indicators of attention span, the rate of intellectual tasks performance in the absence of mental efficiency exhaustion, also the number of memorized pairs of words increased, the number of errors in establishing semantic relations in judgments decreased. Conclusion. Differentiated approach to dosing of physical load in comparison with undifferentiated more often promotes improvement of stability and volume of attention, semantic memory and logical thinking of adolescents.

Enhancing Lifetime and Performance of MLC NVM Caches Using Embedded Trace Buffers

Large volumes of on-chip and off-chip memory are required by contemporary applications. Emerging non-volatile memory technologies including STT-RAM, PCM, and ReRAM are becoming popular for on-chip and off-chip memories as a result of their desirable properties. Compared to traditional memory technologies such as SRAM and DRAM, they have minimal leakage current and high packing density. Non Volatile Memories (NVM), however, have a low write endurance, a high write latency, and high write energy. Non-volatile Single Level Cell (SLC) memories can store a single bit of data in each memory cell, whereas Multi Level Cells (MLC) can store two or more bits in each memory cell. Although MLC NVMs have substantially higher packing density than SLCs, their lifetime and access speed are key concerns. For a given cache size, MLC caches consume 1.84× less space and 2.62× less leakage power than SLC caches. We propose Trace buffer Assisted Non-volatile Memory Cache (TANC), an approach that increases the lifespan and performance of MLC-based last-level caches using the underutilized Embedded Trace Buffers (ETB). TANC improves the lifetime of MLC LLCs up to 4.36× and decreases average memory access time by 4% compared to SLC NVM LLCs and by 6.41× and 11%, respectively, compared to baseline MLC LLCs.

Current Effect of Mother-Child Memory Talk on Emotion Regulation, Self-Esteem, and Memory

Children talking to their parents more frequently about past experiences tend to have higher emotion regulation skills and self-esteem in their future lives, which may lead to higher volume and richer emotional content in future memories. Previous research also indicated that self-esteem has a strong bond with emotion regulation skills. This study’s aim is to measure the mediator roles of emotion regulation difficulty and self-esteem on the relationship between childhood maternal reminiscing frequency and the volume and emotional content of the current memory experienced with the mother. Additionally, mediator roles of self-esteem in the connection between past maternal reminiscing and emotion regulation difficulty, and emotion regulation difficulty in the relationship between self-esteem and the current memory variables (i.e., total words, total emotion and unique emotion words) are examined. Participants (N=124, the age range was 22-39) filled out Rosenberg Self-Esteem, Emotion Regulation Difficulty, and Family Reminiscence Scales and wrote down one negatively-charged recent memory about their mothers. Path analysis revealed significant positive associations between past maternal reminiscing and self-esteem, emotion regulation difficulty, and total and unique emotion words in recent memory, and negative association between self-esteem and emotion regulation difficulty, supporting half of the mediation hypotheses. Results supported the notion that the frequency of parent-child reminiscing conversations in childhood is a parameter of child development since it can show its prospective effect via improving self-esteem and emotional functioning. Gender differences were not evident for current memory variables but more research on this issue is needed to reach more precise conclusions.

Математическое и алгоритмическое обеспечение системы технического зрения гибкой производственной системы

The issue of designing a vision system based on algorithmic and mathematical support is considered. A flexible production system for the manufacture of evaporators of refrigeration units was chosen as the object of research. The analysis of existing projects of technical vision systems (TVS) for quality control of products – evaporators installed on an industrial robot. The purpose and main issues of the implementation of algorithmic and software for the functioning of the TVS and its architecture in accordance with the specifics of the object under study are set. The general scheme of functioning of subsystems of automated design of TVS for quality control of evaporators on a production stream of the flexible production system is offered. A mathematical model has been developed for identifying the evaporator blank, taking into account the corresponding coordinate system, the origin of which is the geometric center of this object, and the X-axis is formed by the largest radius of the image under consideration. The description of the TVS is given taking into account the interaction of the TVS correlator with the graphical terminal. When working with the TVS correlator, the evaporator surface that needs to be recognized is placed in one of the stable states on the working surface of the system, where the orientation coordinates of the evaporator positions are determined. The calculation of the memory volume of the storage system of the correlator TVS is carried out. The issue of forming a working scene for the TVS correlator of an industrial robot by sequentially performing operations to set graphic images of objects in a given array is considered. At the same time, its reflection coefficient (0-100%) is set for each evaporator model.

Hygienic study of attention and memory of students

The article presents the results of a study of some characteristics of memory and attention of 140 thirdyear students of the medical, pediatric and dental faculties of Omsk State Medical University, conducted at the beginning of hygiene classes according to the curriculum. In comparison with the norms from literary sources, the best result was noted in terms of the volume of figurative memory (99.3 % of positive results among the subjects) and attention switching (90.8 %). 2/3 of the students demonstrated good short-term and long-term memory. Half of the students (51.4 %) coped with the task of assessing the distribution of attention. Reference intervals for the indicator of attention switching T (Schulte tables), an indicator of the distribution of attention and semantic memory, were proposed, which are absent in the available literature. The worst indicators of switching attention in girls at 8:00 am compared to those in boys and girls in the daytime were established, which probably indicates a higher sensitivity of the female body to lack of sleep. A significant influence on the verbal-logical memory of the factor of the day of the school week was established (the worst indicators were on Monday and Friday, the best were in the middle of the week and on Saturday), as well as the effect of testing time on figurative and long-term memory (the best indicators were noted at 13:00). In connection with the foregoing, it is recommended to conduct memory and attention studies in the middle of the day, excluding the early morning hours, especially for girls, and also to regulate the start of classes at the university no earlier than 8:30, especially in large cities.

Recursive Algorithm for Forming Structured Sets of Information Blocks that Increase the Speed of Performing Procedures for Determining Their Source

Purpose of research. The article examines the features of the synthesis of specialized devices that control the integrity and authenticity of individual information blocks based on CBC codes. Approaches aimed at reducing computational and resource costs when performing such procedures are considered. The dependencies between the performance indicators and the requirements for the volume of internal memory of specialized computers processing data in CBC mode are formulated..Methods. The implementation of data source authentication procedures using encoding in the mode of concatenation of individual data blocks is an effective method of increasing reliability in conditions of a limited size of verified authentication sequences. At the same time, its implementation in receivers requires the creation of specialized calculators that process tree-like structures that arise during data decoding, consisting of separate data blocks. To reduce resource and computational costs when processing such structures, indirect addressing is used, in which block data is stored in RAM, and their addresses are stored in the high-speed register memory of the computer itself.Results. A model of indirect addressing of data blocks in RAM has been created. Pointers to blocks are stored in a separate register memory and each pointer is placed according to the decoded sequence number of the block in the sequence. Each block address in RAM is supplemented by a set of pointers to subsequent blocks in the branches of the tree structure. The created mathematical model made it possible to estimate the size in bits of all the pointers involved and their number, which made it possible to determine the need for a computer processing a tree structure in register memory.Conclusion. The paper shows that using a combination of matrix and list organization of block address storage reduces the need for register memory of the calculator by 50-60%. At the same time, the computer can process the tree-like structure of information blocks using high-performance iterative algorithms, which would be impossible if only the list organization of address storage was used.

Порівняння 3D-моделей об’єктів, побудованих за матеріалами наземного лазерного сканування

The purpose of the work was to assess the accuracy and functionality of the 3D model obtained as a result of the 3D scanning and post-processing. The article discusses 3D modeling methods and their characteristics. The procedure for working with a 3D scanner is studied and its principle of operation is given. Scan data was post-processed to create 3D models of varying accuracy. The equipment used for the scanning is a FARO Focus Laser S150 terrestrial laser scanner. SCENE was used for post-processing. The object for scanning with a ground laser scanner was six identical logs of wood. The functionality and accuracy of the models are determined. Three-dimensional scanning of the research objects was carried out from six stations to obtain a full-fledged point cloud. At each station, the device was installed in the working position on the horizontal level using the inclinometer readings. Scanning was performed after selecting the appropriate shooting mode. It was taken into account that during scanning, no object can touch the mirror unit, because during operation, the scanner rotates clockwise by 180 degrees. Scanning in this study was carried out in color, so the scanner rotated 360 degrees. Based on ground laser scanning data, 3D models of cut tree trunks of the same size were built. All models are built with different accuracy for comparison and determination of the optimal one in terms of reliability and load. The obtained research results, as well as the technique itself, can be used in forestry by forestry and various structures related to wood analysis. Also, if we consider only our industry, the research data can be useful for the cadastre of park territories, etc. In the course of the conducted research, 3D models with different accuracies and memory volumes were obtained, which can be used to solve the relevant tasks. The functionality of using models consists in choosing the number of polygons that will affect the amount of memory. It should be noted that the functionality of the models lies in the convenience of their use on any device, compared to point clouds, which are demanding on the hardware component of a computer. The accuracy of the models is high in all cases. This makes it possible to use them to solve many problems, taking into account the needs. So, we can conclude that the use of models is relevant due to high accuracy and functionality.

Gender Features of the Psychosocial State of Students in the Period of Adaptation to the Educational Environment of the Pedagogical University

The article presents the results of psychophysiological and personal characteristics study of first-year students of the Kuibyshev branch of the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (59 girls and 35 boys) in various areas of education. To study the personal qualities of students, we used a computer program for assessing the socio-psychological adaptation and personal potential of students, based on the methodology of Rogers and R. Diamond in the adaptation of K. A. Osnitsky. Indicators of the psycho-emotional state were determined by the methods of T. Ehlers, Bass-Darkey, and Ch. D. Spielberger in the adaptation of Yu. L. Khanin. The following psychophysiological parameters were evaluated: speed of a simple visual-motor reaction, reaction to a moving object, and cognitive characteristics (mechanical, semantic and imaginative memory, mental performance, concentration of attention). The results of the study indicate the gender differences in the psychological state, degrees of adaptation to the educational environment of the university and a number of psycho-functional and personal parameters of students. Young men had higher level of self-estimation, emotional comfort, internality, desire for dominance, adaptability, aggressiveness, motivation for success, mechanical memory, speed of visual-motor reaction and reaction to a moving object. The girls showed higher values of reactive and personal anxiety, better indicators of the quality of imaginative memory and attention switching. There were no gender differences in the mobility and productivity of nervous processes, the volume of semantic memory, verbal aggressiveness and hostility. The influence of the specifics of different educational profiles on the psychosocial state of representatives of both sexes was not revealed. It is concluded that gender differences in the psychosocial status and personal psychophysiological qualities of young people are caused not only by biological factors, but also significantly depend on the socio-cultural impact of the environment. In this regard, it is important to further study and analyze the interaction of biological and social factors for a more complete understanding of the gender characteristics of modern youth in the context of the actualization of the educational activities in the university.

Adolescents’ Digital activity and its Correlation with Cognitive-Emotional Features, School Performance, and Social and Age Factors: Cross-Sectional Study

Background. The study of digital activity correlation with cognitive-emotional features, as well as with other parameters of adolescents’ life-activity in non-capital regions of Russian Federation remains relevant.Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the digital activity structure in adolescents and its correlation with cognitive-emotional features, school performance and social and age factors.Methods. Participants are secondary school students of the 8th–11th grades. Digital activity was examined via online survey among adolescents. We took into account the use of social media, information search, watching videos on the Internet, using of messengers, playing games with electronic devices. Cognitive features (memory, thinking, executive functions, sensory information procession, reading and speech, understanding of emotions, decision-making) and emotional state of adolescents (anxiety) were evaluated by clinical psychologists via various tests. School performance was determined by the recent results of the school quarters/semester finished by the time of the survey. Social and age factors included regular out-of-school physical activity and family structure (complete/ incomplete).Results. We have examined 438 teenagers. 53 (12%) respondents spend more than 5 hours a day with digital devices on weekdays, 133 (30%) — on weekends, 147 (34%) — during the holidays. Structure of digital activity during weekdays (≥ 1 hour) among adolescents was the following: activity in social media prevailed (63.5% of respondents), fewer teenagers searched for information or watched videos on the Internet (47.3 and 42.9%, respectively), about a third (34.9%) played via electronic devices. Structure of digital activity changed over the weekend and during the holidays. We have revealed differences between the information search activity and the volume of short-time memory, understanding the verbal messages, and verbal-logical operations level. Adolescents with different levels of computer gaming activity have shown diversity in sensomotor reaction speed, visuospatial memorization accuracy, number of errors in high-speed reading, reading pace, and understanding text basic meaning.Conclusion. The greater time of digital activity among 8th–11th grades students is associated with negative results of cognitive activity and school performance.

Automated Control Systems and Their Tasks

The article explores the trends in the creation and development of automated control systems (ACS) that manage production while solving various applied problems, incl. those related to the military-industrial complex. The characteristics of some applied problems are considered, together with the required volumes of RAM and external memory, the maximum and average solution time. It is noted that the difficulties in solving some applied problems are associated with their nonlinearity. Three stages of the organization of an intramachine information base are singled out, the concept of a database is described, as well as an information model of the subject area and a data model. Depending on the permissible structural components, classes of data models are distinguished. Programming technologies, languages and semi-structured information search systems are analyzed.

LW-GCN: A Lightweight FPGA-based Graph Convolutional Network Accelerator

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been introduced to effectively process non-Euclidean graph data. However, GCNs incur large amounts of irregularity in computation and memory access, which prevents efficient use of traditional neural network accelerators. Moreover, existing dedicated GCN accelerators demand high memory volumes and are difficult to implement onto resource limited edge devices. In this work, we propose LW-GCN, a lightweight FPGA-based accelerator with a software-hardware co-designed process to tackle irregularity in computation and memory access in GCN inference. LW-GCN decomposes the main GCN operations into Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpMM) and Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (MM). We propose a novel compression format to balance workload across PEs and prevent data hazards. Moreover, we apply data quantization and workload tiling, and map both SpMM and MM of GCN inference onto a uniform architecture on resource limited hardware. Evaluation on GCN and GraphSAGE are performed on Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA with three popular datasets. Compared to existing CPU, GPU, and state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator, LW-GCN reduces latency by up to 60×, 12×, and 1.7× and increases power efficiency by up to 912×, 511×, and 3.87×, respectively. Furthermore, compared with NVIDIA’s latest edge GPU Jetson Xavier NX, LW-GCN achieves speedup and energy savings of 32× and 84×, respectively.

Effectiveness of Medical Rehabilitation of Patients after a New Coronavirus Infection in a Day Hospital

Aim. To investigate the prevalence of clinical manifestations of post-coronavirus syndrome and evaluate the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation course in patients after new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a day care hospital, taking into account the severity of the disease course. Material and methods. At the first stage of the study, 203 residents of the Ivanovo region (140 women and 63 men) aged 40 to 80 years who had a new coronavirus infection, who had no more than one year since the onset of the disease, were surveyed on the basis of the Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA) of the Ministry of Health of Russia. For this purpose, “COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screening (C19-YRS)” telephone screening questionnaire was used, developed by groups of rehabilitation therapists from the training medical centers of the National Health Service of Great Britain to identify multisystem functional disorders of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection, and to address the need for rehabilitation intervention. At the second stage, 54 patients (38 women and 16 men) aged 29-81 years were examined, who were admitted to the 3rd stage of rehabilitation in the department of medical rehabilitation of patients with somatic diseases of the ISMA Clinic after suffering a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Among them, 3 groups were formed depending on the severity of the infection: 16 patients with a mild course of the disease made up the 1st group, 20 patients who had a moderate course of coronavirus infection – the 2nd group, 18 patients with a severe course of COVID-19 – 3rd group. Results. The questionnaire showed that COVID-19 survivors had a multisystem decrease in functioning, which was maximally pronounced during the first month from the onset of the disease and did not return to the baseline level for 6-12 months. The most significant disturbances occurred with patients who, due to the severity of the condition, were treated in a hospital. The most lasting symptoms were impaired exercise tolerance and increased fatigue, which had a significant impact on daily life. In patients admitted for rehabilitation, functional impairments and disabilities were detected regardless of the severity of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In patients with a mild course of infection, they were manifested mainly by decreased tolerance to physical load, frequent disorders of sleep function, emotions, volitional and motivational functions, in some patients – by mild disorders of respiratory function and cognitive impairment in the form of reduced volume of cranio-temporal memory. In patients with moderate and severe COVID-19, against the background of impaired exercise tolerance function, sleep function, emotions, volitional and motivational functions, we mainly detected moderate and pronounced respiratory disorders, cognitive disorders, which were manifested by decreased short-term memory and attention concentration, increased attention exhaustion, and bradyphrenia. The functional disorders detected in patients primarily led to limitation of their mobility in the form of walking for long distances, ability to self-care and household activities, ability to work, which before the disease did not cause difficulties for patients. Study of the indexes in dynamics showed the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in improving the functions, regardless of the severity of the course of coronavirus infection. Conclusion. The findings of the present study justify the necessity of early complex rehabilitation of patients by multidisciplinary rehabilitation team taking into account individually detected functional impairment. Individual rehabilitation program should be developed for each patient taking into account the revealed problems on the basis of problem-oriented approach.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ВРЕМЕНИ ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ ТВЕРДОТЕЛЬНЫХ НАКОПИТЕЛЕЙ И МИКРОСХЕМ FLASH-ПАМЯТИ ПРИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИИ ВЛИЯНИЯ НАКОПЛЕННОЙ ДОЗЫ НА СОХРАННОСТЬ ИНФОРМАЦИИ

Testing the whole volume of memory while estimating the effect of space ionizing radiation on the parameters of flash memory might take long time, which is not acceptable for radiation tests The test time optimization is possible by reducing amount of the tested memory at a cost of predictable loss of accuracy in determining the level of radiation hardness. The nature of data loss under TID irradiation is described. The experimental dependences of number of errors in memory on the relative TID are analyzed based on the test results of nine chip types. A calculated estimate of the amount of memory to test is given, that is sufficient to detect errors in memory cells of the entire solid-state drive for the given detection probability. The experimental data analysis shows that testing 10% of the drive increases the error of the TID hardness level determination no more than 20%. An algorithm for identifying abnormal areas in address space of solid-state drives and flash memory chips is proposed. Knowledge about such areas makes it possible to reasonably choose or further reduce the tested amount of memory.

Neurocognitive features of children and adolescents with different levels of multitasking

IntroductionThe spread of media multitasking in the modern world determines researcher’s interest in studying the neurocognitive development features of children who strive to act in this mode since childhood (Minear et al., 2013; Uncapher et al., 2016).ObjectivesThe aim is to study neuropsychological profiles of children and adolescents with single-tasking and multitasking.MethodsQuasi-experiment was conducted among 154 children of three age groups (7-10; 11-13; 14-16) and included simultaneous tasks performance on a computer and a smartphone. Neuropsychological indicators were studied (Akhutina, 2016): programming and control, serial organization, visual and auditory-speech memory, neurodynamics. The behavior social modeling and executive functions were studied with WISC (Information and Comprehension subtests) and Dots-test (Akhutina et al., 2017). The multitaskers groups were identified according to the number of returns to tasks: single-taskers (42.9%), single-taskers with multitasking elements (1-2 returns) (40.9%), multitaskers (3 and more returns) (16.2%).ResultsThe number of multitaskers increased by adolescence. In children aged 7-10 single-taskers were more productive than multitaskers in programming, switchability, the volume of auditory-speech and visual memory, neurodynamics. They performed Dots-test faster. At the age of 11-13, multitaskers had higher scores on the Comprehension subtest and higher verbal activity when composing a story. Regulation and switchability errors in multitaskers aged 11-13 were episodic. At the age of 14-16 multitaskers were more productive in some parameters of switchability.ConclusionsIn primary school single-taskers have a neurocognitive advantage, but by adolescence differences are leveled, and in some parameters multitaskers are ahead of single-taskers. The study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.DisclosureThe reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 19-29-14181.

On Memory Traffic and Optimisations for Low-order Finite Element Assembly Algorithms on Multi-core CPUs

Motivated by the wish to understand the achievable performance of finite element assembly on unstructured computational meshes, we dissect the standard cellwise assembly algorithm into four kernels, two of which are dominated by irregular memory traffic. Several optimisation schemes are studied together with associated lower and upper bounds on the estimated memory traffic volume. Apart from properly reordering the mesh entities, the two most significant optimisations include adopting a lookup table in adding element matrices or vectors to their global counterparts, and using a row-wise assembly algorithm for multi-threaded parallelisation. Rigorous benchmarking shows that, due to the various optimisations, the actual volumes of memory traffic are in many cases very close to the estimated lower bounds. These results confirm the effectiveness of the optimisations, while also providing a recipe for developing efficient software for finite element assembly.

Differential associations of visual memory with hippocampal subfields in subjective cognitive decline and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

BackgroundAlthough previous studies have demonstrated that the hippocampus plays a role in verbal memory, the role of hippocampal subfields in visual memory is uncertain, especially in those with preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to examine relationships between hippocampal subfield volumes and visual memory in SCD (subjective cognitive decline) and aMCI (amnestic mild cognitive impairment).MethodsThe study sample included 47 SCD patients, 62 aMCI patients, and 51 normal controls (NCs) and was recruited from Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital. Visual memory was measured by the subtests of BVMT-R (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised), PLT (Pictorial Learning Test), DMS (Delayed Matching to Sample), and PAL (Paired Associates Learning). Hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated using FreeSurfer software (version 6.0). We modeled the association between visual memory and relative hippocampal subfield volumes (dividing by estimated total intracranial volume) using Pearson's correlation and linear regression.ResultsCompared with the NC group, patients with SCD did not find any relative hippocampal subregion atrophy, and the aMCI group found atrophy in CA1, molecular layer, subiculum, GC-ML-DG, CA4, and CA3. After adjusting for covariates (age, sex, and APOE ε4 status) and FDR (false discovery rate) correction of p (q values) < 0.05, in NC group, DMS delay matching scores were significant and negatively associated with presubiculum (r = -0.399, FDR q = 0.024); in SCD group, DMS delay matching scores were negatively associated with CA3 (r = -0.378, FDR q = 0.048); in the aMCI group, BVMT-R immediate recall scores were positively associated with CA1, molecular layer, subiculum, and GC-ML-DG (r = 0.360–0.374, FDR q < 0.036). Stepwise linear regression analysis confirmed the association.ConclusionsOur results indicate a different and specific correction of visual memory with relative hippocampal subfield volumes between SCD and aMCI. The correlations involved different and more subfields as cognitive decline. Whether these associations predict future disease progression needs dynamic longitudinal studies.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НЕЙРОДИНАМІЧНИХ ТА ПСИХОФІЗІОЛОГІЧНИХ ФУНКЦІЙ ДІТЕЙ 5-7 РОКІВ З РІЗНИМ РІВНЕМ ЗОРОВОГО ТА СЛУХОВОГО СПРИЙНЯТТЯ

Introduction. The period from 5 to 7 years attracts special attention from scientists, as it is a sensitive and critical stage of individual development of the child's body.Most domestic and foreign scholars emphasize the need of selecting the content, forms and methods of teaching in accordance with age and gender. However, the peculiarity of the study is that during training should also take into account the psycho-physiological and neurodynamic characteristics of the development of participants in the educational process and adjust teaching methods based on them for more effective perception of certain information by children.The formation of visual and auditory perception for children 5-7 years, as an indicator of readiness, is one of the main cognitive functions, which is formed due to interanalytic complexes of nerve connections and maturity of the cerebral cortex.Therefore, significant attention should be paid to the invariant and variable component of the "New Ukrainian School" of the Standard curriculum of general secondary education for grades 1-2 and preschools, developed under the leadership of O. Savchenko [1], for improving cognitive development and prevention of maladaptation changes in the body during training.Purpose. The aim is to study the features of neurodynamic and mental functions of children of preschool and primary school age with different levels of visual and auditory perception.20 Серія «Біологічні науки», 202 2Methods. The observation was carried out on children aged 5-7 of two educational institutions "Secondary schools of I degrees - preschool educational institutions" No 41 and No42 of Sumy (n = 246).The method of assessment of auditory memory "Learning 10 words" (A.R. Luria, 1973) for informative study of memory was chosen. Determination of the volume of visual random memory was performed according to the method of Shipitsyna LM.M.V. Makarenko’s method on the computer complex “Diagnost-1” was used to determine individual-typological features of higher nervous activity of children.Results. The highest rate of auditory memory was recorded for children aged 6 and 7 years, in contrast to children aged 5 years, in whom the development of cognitive processes was carried outthrough visual perception. Children 5 years of age had longer latent periods obtained during sensorimotor response of varying complexity and lower results of SNP, FRNP, PGM during mental stress in contrast to children 6 and 7 years.A similar trend was also observed among boys aged 5-7 compared to girls in this age group.According to the results of neurodynamic studies, it was found that the best values of SNP, FRNP, PGM and shorter latent periods of SVMR, RC1-2, RC1-3, RC2-3 were obtained for individualswith high levels of visual and auditory perception.Originality. The idea of neurodynamic and psychophysiological functions of children 5-7 years with different levels of visual and auditory perception is expanded.Conclusions. The importance of psychophysiological and neurodynamic functions of children 5-7 years with different levels of visual and auditory perception to prevent maladaptation in the educational process was substantiated.Key words: children; cognitive development; functional mobility of nervous processes; strength of nervous processes; sensorimotor systems.

Особенности формирования личностных качеств школьников-подростков в рамках секции по волейболу

Analysis of literary sources and a survey of physical education teachers in the Republic of Moldova indicates the existence of a pedagogical problem, which consists in an active decrease in motivation for physical education and academic performance in this discipline among adolescent students, especially girls in grades 7–8. The special attractiveness of playing volleyball for this group of students is indicated. Purpose of the study. Improving the process of physical education of adolescent girls in the system of out-of-school volleyball lessons. Research results. On the basis of the known data on the anatomical, physiological and socio-psychological characteristics of adolescent girls, an experimental methodology for conducting classes in the volleyball section for girls of grade 7–8 is proposed. The methodology included specially selected, specially combined and constantly compli-cated tasks in a playful form, as well as educational extracurricular activities for the development of the cognitive sphere, social adaptation in the team, reducing aggression, hostility, anxiety, and increasing motivation to achieve success. Conclusions. The study showed that the experimental technique is effective for the development of the volume, distribution and switching of attention, creativity of thinking and the volume of short-term visual memory in adolescent girls. The activities within the section reliably reduce the hostility and aggressiveness of students, help to reduce the indicators of interpersonal and self-rated anxiety, unite the team, and promote social adaptation. Keeping a diary of achievements, participating in competitions, judging them, independently conducting the preparatory part of training sessions had the best effect on the formation of motivation to achieve success and reduce anxiety through increasing self-confidence in adolescent girls.

Experience of using Reamberin for the correction of cognitive impairment and antioxidant status in the late period of traumatic brain injury

To study the efficacy of Reamberin in cognitive impairment in patients associated with traumatic brain injury, taking into account its effect on the parameters of neuropsychological and antioxidant status. We examined 45 patients aged 35 to 60 years with cognitive impairment in the late period of traumatic brain injury. The patients were divided into two groups depending on the prescribed treatment. The first main group included 25 patients with cognitive impairment who received complex therapy: Reamberin against the background of standard treatment. The second control group consisted of 20 patients with cognitive impairment who received only standard therapy. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the parameters of the neuropsychological and antioxidant status were determined. The analysis of cognitive disorders according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment made it possible to establish cognitive impairments in 100% of the patients included in the study in the late period of traumatic brain injury. The introduction of Reamberin to patients contributed to an improvement in work efficiency and a decrease in the amount of time required to prepare for work in relation to control (p<0.05), an increase in the volume of auditory short-term memory in dynamics from the moment of admission to the 11th day by 1.9 times (p<0.05). The evaluation of the parameters of the antioxidant status in the late period of traumatic brain injury made it possible to establish that in patients of the main group who received Reamberin as part of standard therapy, by the end of the observation (day 11), the concentration of lipid peroxidation products was lower than in the control by 13-43%, the level of ceruloplasmin and catalase activity are higher by 14 and 15%, respectively (p<0.05), which confirms the antioxidant activity of Reamberin. It was concluded that the inclusion of Reamberin in the treatment regimen for patients with cognitive impairment in the late period of traumatic brain injury should be considered clinically justified and promising.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ ОРГАНІЗМУ І ОБРОБКИ СЕНСОРНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ В ОСІБ ЮНАЦЬКОГО ВІКУ

The aim of the work is to study the functional indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, indicators of the efficiency of processing of visual information and motor response in adolescents with different levels of functional reserves of the heart. We studied indicators of heart rate, blood pressure, Skibinsky index, Rosenthal’s test, the speed of the visual-motor reaction (simple and differentiated), the number of errors made during the examination, the analysis of the indicators of the correction test, the volume of operational visual memory, the dynamics of the analysis of Schulte tables, the volume and distribution of attention. The study demonstrated that the functional indicators of the cardiovascular system are within the permissible limits. However, the heart rate of individuals with a satisfactory level of heart efficiency tends to approach the upper physiological limit. Skibinsky’s index corresponds to a satisfactory level for the females. This index indicates the average potential of the external respiration system and the correspondence of activity with the blood circulatory system. For the analysis of Schulte tables, the individuals of the first group spent 161.8 s ± 10.37 s, which is significantly faster than the index of the second group. Studies have not shown a relationship between the level of heart performance and indicators of the distribution of attention. However, the indicators of the volume of operative visual memory in individuals of the first group are much better: 65 % of individuals have a high level (the same index in the second group is 20 %), the participants with a low level of operative visual memory are absent, in contrast to the second group. The speed of simple and differentiated sensorimotor reactions in individuals of the first group is higher than those in the second group by 11.4 % and 10.6 %, respectively. This indicates a sufficient level of plasticity of nervous processes and the efficiency of arousal development. The performance indicators of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the speed of reactions of the nervous system of the examined, the efficiency of processing sensory information indicate the maturity of the functional systems of the body and are the physiological basis for the formation of an adequate functional state of the body. Individuals with a Rufier index level above the average showed less tension in the work of the heart and an effective course of sensorimotor reactions, indicating a sufficient level of plasticity of nervous processes.