Volume Of International Migration Research Articles

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF COUNTRIES UNDER MILITARY FACTORS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the status of international migration and identify the problems of its economic and legal regulation in the context of ensuring financial and economic cooperation of countries in the conditions of increasing the influence of military factors. The results of the study prove that military factors have a dominant impact on the intensification of international migration processes. It is established that international migration is considered to be a complex, unpredictable socio-economic phenomenon that is gaining a global scale, covers a large number of countries, is difficult to regulate at the economic and legal level and periodically intensifies under the influence of factors and dangers of an economic, social, political and military nature. The authors prove a significant increase in the volume of international migration under the influence of the war of russia against Ukraine, which intensified as a result of the mass movement of the Ukrainian population outside the country in order to save their lives and health. The significant problems regarding the economic and legal regulation of international migration in the context of ensuring financial and economic cooperation of countries in the conditions of the increasing influence of military factors are identified, which are manifested in the inconsistency of international law with the provisions of national legislation of the countries of the world. It is found that the growth of international migration processes stimulates destructive changes in the international labour market, and causes an increase in unemployment and a decrease in employment rates at the national level. In the article proposes to review the existing mechanisms of legal regulation of international migration and protection of the rights of migrants outside Ukraine, and formulate an international strategy for harmonizing migration policies of different countries of the world.

Položaj međunarodnih migrantkinja na tržištu rada i COVID-19 pandemija

The rise in the volume of international migration at the global level has resulted in increased participation of migrants in the labour market of the receiving countries, imposing needs for targeted integration policies and measures. A significant proportion of international migrants around the world are women. Relying on statistical data and relevant literature, the paper analyzes and critically discusses the position of migrant women in the labour market of destination countries, pointing out limitations and problems they face with. In this regard, the paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the international migration of women, with special emphasis on determining the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the position of women born abroad in the Serbian labour market, but also female migrants from Serbia. While discussing gender differences in the position of international migrants on the labour market, the dual vulnerability of female migrants was pointed out as well as the likely impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the deepening of gender inequalities. The need to formulate policies and measures sensitive to the vulnerability of a social group of women with migrant backgrounds had been emphasized.

International Migration Level and Trends

International migration is an issue growing concern at global, regional and national level because its volume has been increasing at all level. Among the four migration corridors (North-North, North-South, South-North and South-South) of international migration South-South migration(developing countries –developing countries) occupies largest and North- South (developing countries -developed Countries) second largest share of international migration. The objective of this study is to introduce the situation of international migration at global, regional and national level by using secondary sources of information. The volume of refugees in relation with volume of international migration also has been increasing. Similarly the volume of emigrants have increased in those countries or regions with having very low, low and middle level human development index. Whereas the volume of more immigrants was observed in countries or regions of high and very high human development index. In the context of Nepal, international migration (absentee population data in censuses) has been gradually increasing but up to 2001 censuses major destination was India but on the basis of 2011 census destination of Nepalese migrants have been shifted to Middle East and ASEAN countries but India still remains as a major destination. The lack of uniform data regarding to international migration has been a problem to analyze migration level and trends properly.

Transformation of 2000-2020 Population Census Programmes in the CIS States as a Response to Changing Needs of the Society

In 2018 CIS-Stat surveyed national statistical offices of all member states of the Commonwealth regarding the list of topics they plan to include in the 2020 census programmes. This material is a result of thorough analysis of the information presented along with questionnaires from 2000 and 2010 census round. The article covers core census topics that the CIS member-states plan to include in their census programmes of the 2020 round. Population census topics are designed to maintain continuity with the previous censuses, to meet national information needs and are consistent with international recommendations. Much of the national population census programmes preserve the traditional structure. However, every round brings own features given the information needs of every state of the Commonwealth.Pilot population censuses are conducted in order to test methodological and technical solutions. Pilot censuses have currently been completed inBelarus(in 2017),Azerbaijan,Kazakhstan,RussiaandTajikistan(in 2018). This material presents general characteristics of testing of materials and documents included in the core headings of the census programme. All of them have commonalities as well as own features that serve the information needs of a country. The authors explore the following sections of census programme: “Population to be enumerated, household and family characteristics”, “Demographic and ethno-cultural characteristics”, “Marital status and fertility”, “Geographical and migration characteristics”, “Characteristics of persons, temporarily present in the country”, “Educational and economic characteristics”, “Other population and household characteristics”.Population censuses in the CIS countries continue to be one of the pillars of data collection on the number and socio-demographic, economic and ethno-cultural characteristics of the population of a country; at the same time, some topics - educational attainment, marital status, language and ethnicity - can only be investigated in a census of population.The 2020 census round in the CIS countries stands out as having agreed upon methodology for socio-demographic characteristics, particularly information on migration and work force. Harmonized methodology will allow national statistical offices to more precisely determine the flows and volume of international migration, along with the total size of the Commonwealth labour market amidst the fast approaching census date.

The Role of Internal and International Relative Deprivation in Global Migration

This paper explores the role of internal (within country) and international (bilateral and global) relative and absolute deprivation in international migration. It is argued that these three forms of relative deprivation need to be taken into account simultaneously to advance our theoretical understanding of the complex drivers of migration processes. Empirical analysis based on a large sample of bilateral migrant stock data suggests that absolute deprivation constrains emigration, while international relative deprivation and internal relative deprivation in destination countries may increase migration. The effect of internal relative deprivation in origin countries seems small and somewhat ambiguous. The results highlight the complex and potentially counter-intuitive ways in which relative and absolute deprivation may affect migration. This paper suggests that it would be unfounded to expect that decreases in international and internal relative deprivation combined with reductions in absolute deprivation would lead to a significant decline in the volume of international migration.

Emigration dynamics in Pakistan.

This study of emigration dynamics in Pakistan focuses on Pakistan's position as one of the world's leading manpower exporters. The study opens with a review of the history of international labor from the subcontinent. The second section looks at the problems with the collection of data on international migration and then considers the volume of international migration, migrant destinations, return migration, undocumented migration, and the stock of migrant workers abroad. The third section describes the economic and demographic context for overseas migration through a consideration of gross national product and the remittances of migrant workers, growth in gross domestic product, poverty and income distribution, the state of the population, labor force and employment, a profile of migrant workers, and the government's employment policy. The political and social context for overseas migration is the topic of the next section, and the discussion centers on emigration policy, institutional arrangements for manpower export and the welfare of migrants, and the economic resettlement of return migrants. Consideration of the future trends in international migration from Pakistan focuses on the cyclic nature of overseas labor migration, the existence of networks to facilitate such migration, uneven distribution of enabling resources in Pakistan, the paucity of available data, and governmental/cultural factors that promote and restrict such migration. It is concluded that both individual Pakistanis and the government consider overseas migration a positive force but that a reliance on such an ad hoc measure has costs that have not been considered by Pakistan's policy-makers.

Basic Data Concerning Immigration into the United States

This article provides a wide range of data measuring the volume of international migration into and out of the United States and describing the immigrants' demographic and labor market characteristics. Data from Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and Israel show a pattern consistent with that of the United States. The volume of immigration, both relative to population size and in absolute numbers, is lower than it was at the turn of this century. Present-day immigrants, like immigrants always and everywhere, tend to be youthful adults who have not yet attained full family size. Contemporary immigrants tend to be substantially more concentrated in the professional and highest education groups than the native labor force, with a slightly higher concentration in the lowest education groups as well. Immigrant groups generally have higher labor force participation than native groups. Their fertility is no higher, and in most groups is lower, than the natives'. These demographic and behavioral characteristics emerge despite the fact that only a very small proportion of present-day immigrants into the United States are admitted through skill preferences, whereas most are admitted for family reconstitution.