Voltage-mode Band-pass Filter Research Articles

A Modern VDCCTA Active Element and Its Electronic Application

In this paper, a novel current mode (CM) building block termed Voltage differencing current conveyor transconductance amplifier (VDCCTA) is developed by combining the voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) and an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). This modern active block VDCCTA is extended for applications such as a lossless inductor, filter design, and chaotic circuit design. An active inductor simulator (AIS) without any component matching is designed using the proposed VDCCTA block and a grounded capacitor as a first application that offers flexibility to model grounded positive active inductor (GPAI), grounded negative active inductor (GNAI), and floating positive active inductor (FPAI) circuits. Moreover, the proposed positive active inductor (PAI) can also be translated for multiple input single output (MISO) voltage mode (VM) universal filter with two external passive elements and chaotic circuitry. The characteristics of VDCCTA are verified with the CM multifunction filter, VM band-pass filter, and VM-MISO filter. A complete exercise of this newly reported VDCCTA block is analyzed for their port characteristics validation and the performance parameters using PSPICE simulation. Finally, experimental verification of the proposed AIS is tested to justify the theoretical and simulated results.

Analytical Synthesis of High-Pass, Band-Pass and Low-Pass Biquadratic Filters and its Quadrature Oscillator Application Using Current-Feedback Operational Amplifiers

In this paper, a method of realizing voltage-mode (VM) non-inverting high-pass filter (HPF), band-pass filter (BPF), low-pass filter (LPF), and inverting low-pass filter (ILPF) transfer functions structure with two grounded capacitors and four resistors through an analytical synthesis method is presented. The synthesis structure of the VM biquadratic filter consists of a voltage proportional block and two voltage lossless integrators based on the use of current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs). It is demonstrated that the derived biquadratic filter structure can simultaneously realize VM HPF, BPF and ILPF transfer functions or VM BPF and LPF transfer functions at a high-input impedance terminal. The VM biquadratic filter can independently adjust the resonance angular frequency and quality factor. By slightly modifying the proposed biquadratic filter, a VM quadrature sinusoidal oscillator can be achieved. The proposed biquadratic filter and quadrature oscillator have been simulated by OrCAD PSpice and appropriate hardware has been implemented with AD844-type CFOAs. In order to reduce power consumption, reduce chip area, reduce costs, and improve system integration, integrated VM CFOA-based biquadratic filter circuits and quadrature oscillator circuits are very important. The proposed filter and quadrature oscillator have been further fabricated in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1P6M CMOS process technology. The entire chip area is 0.974 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , including a filter chip cell and an oscillator chip cell. Under the supply voltage of ±0.9 V, the total power dissipation of the filter chip cell is 5.4 mW, and the figure-of-merit (FOM) of filter chip cell is 66.7%. The measured value of the third-order intermodulation distortion of the filter chip cell is −55.29 dBc and the third-order intercept point is 19.9 dBm. The measured phase noise of CFOA-based filter chip cell at 1 kHz offset is less than −99.76 dBc/Hz.

Realizations of lossy and lossless capacitance multiplier using CFOAs

This paper presents a new Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (CFOA) based grounded capacitance multiplier (GCM) generic circuit. Lossy and lossless five GCM circuits were realized using this generic circuit. The lossless GCM circuit is studied in detail. The proposed lossless GCM includes two CFOAs, two resistors, and a grounded capacitor. Passive component matching conditions are not needed. In ideal and non-ideal conditions, the sensitivity analysis of the multiplication factor was performed. The effects of non-ideal conditions on the operating frequency range of the proposed GCM were investigated by mathematical analysis. The low-frequency performance has been improved by using a negative impedance converter (NIC). Functionality, time, and frequency domain analyzes were carried out using the LTspice simulation program. The voltage-mode band-pass filter application is included to demonstrate the usefulness of the circuit. The temperature dependence of the application example has been investigated. Monte Carlo analysis was carried out to verify the application example’s robustness against the variation of the passive elements. In addition, a comparison with circuits in the literature is given to show the superiority of the proposed GCM.

CMOS Implementation of Current Differencing Operational Amplifier and Its Notch Filter Application

Active elements are fundamental circuits for a wide scope of scientific and industrial processes. Many researchers have examined active devices to implement filters, oscillators, rectifiers, and converters. This paper presents the current differencing operational amplifier (CDOA) as an active element, firstly implemented with CMOS transistors. The input part of this circuit is a current differencing unit and the conventional operational amplifier (Op-Amp) pursues it. A new realization of a notch filter consists of CDOA is suggested. Voltage-mode band-pass filter and current-mode notch filter are presented as a different filter applications. Simulation results using TSMC 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS process model are used to verify the theoretical analyses. The sensitivity, noise, total harmonic distortion (THD) and the Monte Carlo analysis have been performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed active element and notch filter.

Minimum passive components based lossy and lossless inductor simulators employing a new active block

In this paper a new active element namely Dual X current conveyor differential input transconductance amplifier (DXCCDITA) is proposed. The DXCCDITA is utilized in designing eight topologies of lossy and lossless grounded inductor simulators and two topologies of floating inductor simulators. All the designed grounded simulators require only two passive elements and a single active block. The two floating inductor simulators require a single active block and one or three grounded passive elements. In addition, all the designs make use of only grounded capacitors for implementation which is advantageous for fabrication. All the proposed active inductors, except two, did not require any component matching conditions for realization and all the inductor simulators are perfectly tunable. The effect of non-idealities on the proposed grounded simulator structures is also studied. To demonstrate the workability of the inductor simulators they are used in design of second order low pass filter, parallel RLC resonance circuit, third order Butterworth high pass filter, parallel RLC current mode multifunction filter and a voltage mode band pass filter. The DXCCDITA is implemented in 0.35μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters and tested in Tanner EDA. Sufficient number of simulations are provided to establish the functionality of the active inductor structures.

Inverting voltage buffer based lossless grounded inductor simulators

In this study, two new lossless grounded inductor simulators (GISs) made up of a single plus-type second-generation current conveyor, two inverting voltage buffers and a minimum number of passive components are proposed. There is no requirement of matching conditions and cancellation constraints among passive elements of the proposed GISs. Nevertheless, both of the proposed GISs have a floating capacitor which can be easily realized in nowadays integrated circuit fabrication. A second-order voltage-mode band-pass filter application is given for the proposed lossless GISs. A number of simulations based on SPICE program are given so as to verify the theory.

Novel grounded parallel inductance simulators realization using a minimum number of active and passive components

In this paper novel lossless and lossy grounded parallel inductance simulators are reported. All grounded inductor simulator circuits employing only a single DXCCII and three passive components are proposed. The proposed topologies realized all grounded parallel inductance variations. To demonstrate the performance of the presented DXCCII based parallel inductance simulators, we used one of the circuits to construct a third order high-pass filter, a voltage-mode band-pass filter and LC oscillator. Simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis. The proposed DXCCII and its applications are simulated using CMOS 0.35μm technology.

Realization of tunable active floating inductance simulators

In this paper, new topologies for realizing lossless and lossy floating inductors using current controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) and single capacitor are presented. The proposed inductance simulators can be tuned electronically by changing the biasing currents of the active elements. The proposed lossless floating inductance simulator is used to construct a fifth-order low-pass filter. The frequency response of the simulated and ideal filter is compared using the SPICE simulation program. Moreover, the lossless floating inductor is used to construct a second-order voltage-mode band-pass filter practically. The ideal simulated and experimental responses of the band-pass filter are included.

GENERATION OF GROUNDED CAPACITOR ICCII-BASED BAND-PASS FILTERS

A new current-mode band-pass filter using the inverting second-generation current conveyor (ICCII) is introduced. The circuit is generated from a frequency-dependent negative resistance (FDNR)-C circuit realized using ICCII+. It is observed that a voltage-mode band-pass filter using two CCII+ has similar transfer function to this current-mode filter. The adjoint network theorem is used to demonstrate the transformation between the two circuits. Two new voltage-mode grounded capacitor band-pass filters using two ICCII are also introduced. The first voltage-mode circuit is generated from the FDNR-C circuit and employs two opposite Z polarity ICCII. The second voltage-mode circuit is obtained from the first circuit by relocation of the input and a grounded terminal. Two new additional grounded capacitor and grounded resistor current-mode band-pass filters with independent control on the filter Q are also introduced. Spice simulation results with 0.35 μm CMOS transistors model are included to demonstrate the practicality of the two ICCII- band-pass current-mode filter.

New second generation current conveyor with reduced parasitic resistance and bandpass filter application

A new design for a class AB second generation current conveyor implemented from bipolar transistors is proposed to considerably decrease the parasitic series resistance R/sub X/. SPICE simulation results, using the nominal parameters for the transistors of the 2 /spl mu/m HF2CMOS technology from SGS THOMSON, are given, with /spl plusmn/2.5-V supplies and I/sub 0/= 300 /spl mu/A, the values of R/sub X/ are 1.3 n for the proposed CCII against 53 /spl Omega/ for the conventional one, as an application example, a voltage mode bandpass filter with Q=90 at f/sub 0/=150 MHz has been implemented from the new conveyor and two surface mounted passive components only.