Voltage-boosting Converter Research Articles

Addressing output ripples in low-power CMOS-based multistage DC-DC boost converters for self-powered electrochemical sensors applications

In modern electronic systems, the DC-DC converter plays a pivotal role by facilitating the conversion of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. Given the diverse voltage requirements of contemporary chips, a single chip may encompass multiple circuitry groupings, each necessitating specific voltage levels for optimal functionality. To address this need, voltage converters are essential, whether it involves increasing the voltage (Boost converter), decreasing the voltage level (Buck converter), or performing both functions (Buck-boost converter). This paper presents a novel multistage DC-DC converter designed to minimize voltage ripples. The proposed three-stage DC-DC converter is supplied with a 1.5-V input and achieves a four-boost ratio. The cascaded architecture integrates switching capacitors and a gyrator, complemented by a terminating low-pass filter, resulting in a minimal voltage ripple of 0.0003 % relative to the maximum output voltage. Notably, integrating the gyrator enables an inductorless CMOS-based architecture, significantly reducing layout area to 30 × 140 μm2. Furthermore, the converter's transient response was simulated, yielding a response time of 90 ms.

Design of a 200 W Flying Capacitor Multilevel Flyback Converter

This directive proposes an efficiency optimization process in which the flying capacitor multilevel flyback converter (FCMFC) will be designed for the highest efficiency based on component selection, the number of flying capacitor stages, with isolation. The application of interest is a front-end voltage-boosting converter that is part of a solar microinverter. The converter will need high gain and high efficiency over a large range due to the variable input voltage supplied by the output of a solar panel. The electrical specifications are 40 V to 400 V conversion for a 200 W load; however, the input voltage and load power are subject to variability.

Design and Simulation of Switched Capacitor for Voltage Boost Converter for EV

The concept focuses on using voltage boost converters specifically made for electric vehicle (EV) drives to simulate and design switching capacitors. In the past, standard boost and non-boost inverters have been used to assess the efficiency of electric vehicles. On the other hand, this proposal suggests using voltage boost converters to greatly increase the vehicle's speed and efficiency. The main goal is to maximise the converter topology's design parameters in order to achieve higher voltage-boosting capabilities and improve the vehicle's overall performance. The research intends to address issues with power delivery and power conversion efficiency through careful investigation and simulation. This research aims to push the boundaries of EV technology and aid in the creation of more effective and potent electric vehicles by utilising sophisticated switching capacitor techniques. The project's approach entails a thorough analysis of current converter topologies and design parameters, followed by in-depth simulation studies carried out with the use of suitable software programmes like Matlab. To maximise the efficiency of voltage-boosting, several parameters, including switching frequencies, capacitor values, and circuit designs, will be rigorously examined and optimised. The relevance of this notion is that it has the potential to introduce revolutionary voltage boost converter designs that are specifically tuned to the needs of electric vehicle drives, hence revolutionising the efficiency benchmarks of EVs. By conducting thorough testing and analysis, this research hopes to open the door for the electric car sector to widely embrace cutting-edge power conversion technology, which will ultimately result in more environmentally friendly and sustainable transportation options.

A Novel Hybrid MPPT Controller for PEMFC Fed High Step-Up Single Switch DC-DC Converter

At present, there are different types of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) available in nature which are wind, tidal, fuel cell, and solar. The wind, tidal, and solar power systems give discontinuous power supply which is not suitable for the present automotive systems. Here, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is used for supplying the power to the electrical vehicle systems. The features of fuel stack networks are very quick static response, plus low atmospheric pollution. Also, this type of power supply system consists of high flexibility and more reliability. However, the fuel stack drawback is a nonlinear power supply nature. As a result, the functioning point of the fuel stack varies from one position to another position on the V-I curve of the fuel stack. Here, the first objective of the work is the development of the Grey Wolf Optimization Technique (GWOT) involving a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for finding the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the fuel stack. This hybrid GWOT-FLC controller stabilizes the source power under various operating temperature conditions of the fuel stack. However, the fuel stack supplies very little output voltage which is improved by introducing the Single Switch Universal Supply Voltage Boost Converter (SSUSVBC) in the second objective. The features of this proposed DC-DC converter are fewer voltage distortions of the fuel stack output voltage, high voltage conversion ratio, and low-level voltage stress on switches. The fuel stack integrated SSUSVBC is analyzed by selecting the MATLAB/Simulink window. Also, the proposed DC-DC converter is tested by utilizing the programmable DC source.

Miniaturized Energy Harvesting Systems Using Switched-Capacitor DC-DC Converters

This tutorial brief reviews highly-integrated switched-capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter topologies for miniaturized energy harvesting (EH) IoT systems. Aiming to provide a concise overview of SC converter-based EH interfaces, we first discuss the system level design considerations for energy balancing between source, storage, and load under different environmental conditions. The key factors dominating the energy extraction and power conversion efficiencies, including the source adaptation strategies and SC power stage intrinsic losses, are outlined to establish a fundamental understanding on the EH system performance. After studying different state-of-the-art SC topologies in terms of their rational boost voltage conversion ratio (VCR) generation flexibility, loss characteristics, and implementation tradeoffs, we further introduce two advanced SC converter-based EH system examples, highlighting the SC converter operation in enhancing the EH system functionality and performance. The pros and cons of different SC converter topologies for EH systems will also be discussed.

A High Power-Conversion-Efficiency Voltage Boost Converter with MPPT for Wireless Sensor Nodes.

A high power-conversion-efficiency voltage boost converter with MPPT for wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) is proposed in this paper. Since tiny wireless sensor nodes are all over complex environments, an efficient power management system (PMS) must be equipped to achieve long-term self-power supply and maintain regular operation. It is common to use Photovoltaic cells (PV) to harvest sunlight in the environment. However, most existing interface boost integrated circuits for the PV cell have low efficiency. This paper presents a voltage boost converter (VBC) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) for WSNs. The integrated circuit (IC) designed in this paper includes a novel four-phase high-efficiency charge pump module, an ultra-low-power perturbation observation (P&O) MPPT control circuit module, a feedback control module, a nano-ampere current reference, etc. Manufactured in a standard 0.35 um complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the chip area is 3.15 mm × 2.43 mm. Test results demonstrate that when the output voltage of the PV cell is more than 0.5 V, VBC can improve the voltage to 3Vin, and the calculated voltage conversion efficiency can reach 99.4%. P&O MPPT algorithm makes output power improving 8.53%. Furthermore, when the output load current is 297uA, the output PCE achieves 85.1%.

Buck–Boost Three-Level Semi-Dual-Bridge Resonant Isolated DC–DC Converter

The semi-dual-bridge resonant isolated dc–dc converter (SDBRC), as a class of emerging topologies, is suitable for the application situation that requires only the unidirectional power transfer while a wide buck–boost voltage conversion range. In this article, a three-level SDBRC is proposed. Its operation principle is analyzed, and the transfer power and voltage conversion ratio as the functions of the two phase shifts are derived. Furthermore, a coordinated control rule of the two phase shifts is proposed, which ensures the monotonicity between the phase shifts and the average output power over the entire power/voltage range. The voltage stress of the power devices of the proposed topology is reduced to half of the power supply voltage; therefore, the cost and ON-state loss of the power switches are effectively reduced. The detailed simulation and experimental results validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed topology and its modulation strategy.

Design of Switched-Capacitor Voltage Boost Converter for Low-Voltage and Low-Power Energy Harvesting Systems

Design of Switched-Capacitor Voltage Boost Converter for Low-Voltage and Low-Power Energy Harvesting Systems

Quasi-Z-Source Inverter using Sliding Mode Controller with Impedance Network

Quasi inverter is designed in this paper to enhanced gain operation using sliding mode controller (SMC) with Z-source inverter (ZSI). It has boost voltage conversion at low ratio in duty cycle and output voltage quality is improved by high modulation index. Direct current (DC) is converted to alternating current (AC) with higher frequency pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. To reduce the inrush current in starting period it draws a low voltage at capacitors. This proposed inverter consists of common ground to source as well as bridge rectifier. Moreover, the ripple current is almost negligible in this ZSI. This paper proposes the ZSI with impedance of two switches network and the theoretical analysis done also it is confirmed in MATLAB/Simulink.

Single-Phase ZAC-Source AC–AC Converter With High Buck and Boost Voltage Conversion Capability

In this article, a novel ZAC-source single-phase ac-ac converter with high buck and boost voltage conversion capability is introduced. The proposed topology utilizes the ZAC-source network to regulate the frequency and magnitude of the output voltage. The proposed converter operates in buck mode when the duty cycle lies between 0 and 0.33, and boost mode when the duty cycle lies between 0.33 and 1. The switching control strategy is discussed and the proposed converter provides a feature to control the magnitude and frequency of the output voltage independently. Employment of capacitors in the outer closed loop results in a highly consistent operation characterized by inherent soft commutation capability, removal of the source shoot-through risk, and enhanced input current waveform quality. Due to these advantages, it can be applied to the adjustable speed drives and traction systems. The control code is executed in dSPACE 1006 embedded with field-programmable gate array (FPGA) dS5203 board and the performance of the proposed converter is tested experimentally. The obtained experimental results are provided which validates the theoretical analysis and performance of the proposed converter.

Switched-Capacitor Voltage Boost Converter for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drives

This article presents a switched-capacitor (SC) voltage boost converter and its control methods for implementing dc–ac and ac–dc power conversion. The SC converter employs an SC circuit augmented with the main converter circuit to the power source, thus providing unique features that cannot be attained by the traditional voltage-source inverter (VSI) or boost VSI. The additional features include doubling the area of the linear modulation region and eliminating both the large inductor in the boost dc–dc stage and the large filtering capacitor, which leads to a higher energy density and a lower cost. The SC converter concept can be applied to all dc–ac, ac–dc, ac–ac, and dc–dc power conversions. To describe the operating principle and the control, we focus on one example: a bidirectional SC converter for dc–ac and ac–dc power conversion in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. This article is accompanied by a video demonstrating the change of the modulation functions with the value of $A$ .

Performance of Multi Axis Sun Tracking System of Battery Charging Optimizing for Amphibian Research Crawler

In today’s modernization era, there are various technologies being invented to adapt to daily routines. In the growing years, technology has become more complex. Development in the renewable energy is no exception indeed to sustain the demand for energy. This paper discusses a source of renewable energy that focuses solely on solar. This model was presented by developing a tracking system consisting of single and dual axis tracking systems. The purpose of this model is to analyze the performance of the whole system. The tracking system is designed based on the position of the sun in the morning, noon and night. The system will move toward the maximum light energy received as detected by the Light Dependent Resistor sensor (LDR).The results obtained show that the dual axis sun tracking system is more efficient than single axis due to the rotation in four directions while single axis only rotates along two directions which are east and west. The Voltage Boost Converter DC-DC Step up Module is used to maximize the power output. This idea will increase the power of battery charging optimization for Amphibian Research Crawler.

Isolated Buck‐Boost converters with AC‐TLR and dual‐transformer structure for wide output voltage range applications

A novel isolated buck-boost (IBB) converter with a dual-transformer (DT) and an active-controlled three-level rectifier (AC-TLR) is proposed in this study. A new family of IBB converters is derived with different implementations of the AC-TLR. The two transformers in the converter supply power to the output alternatively through the phase-shift control of the active switch in the AC-TLR. A voltage-doubler configuration is built and three voltage levels are generated with the DT and AC-TLR structure. Therefore, the diodes and switches in the rectifier sustain only half of the high-output voltage and turns ratios of the transformers are reduced. In addition, the zero-voltage-switching operation of all the active switches on both the primary and secondary sides is achieved and the reverse-recovery problem of all the diodes is alleviated in the wide operation range. Furthermore, the output voltage of the converter is regulated in a wide range due to the buck and boost voltage conversion characteristics of the converter. The operational principles, modulation and characteristics of the converter are presented. Finally, a 400 V input and 350-750 V output prototype is built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converters.

Fully-Integrated High-Conversion-Ratio Dual-Output Voltage Boost Converter With MPPT for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting

This paper proposes a fully-integrated high-conversion-ratio dual-output voltage boost converter (VBC) with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) circuits for low-voltage energy harvesting. The VBC consists of two voltage generators that generate $V_{\mathrm { OUT1}}$ and $V_{\mathrm { OUT2}}$ . $V_{\mathrm { OUT1}}$ and $V_{\mathrm { OUT2}}$ are three and nine times higher than the harvester’s output $V_{\mathrm { IN}}$ , respectively. $V_{\mathrm { OUT1}}$ is used as a supply voltage for on-chip application circuits while $V_{\mathrm { OUT2}}$ is used as the charging voltage for a Li-ion secondary battery. The VBC achieves a high voltage conversion ratio (max. $\times \,\,9$ ) and a high power conversion efficiency. The MPPT circuits control the operating frequencies of the CPs to extract maximum power at each output. The measurement results demonstrated that the circuit converted a 0.59 V input to a 1.41 V output with 75.8% efficiency when the output powers of $V_{\mathrm { OUT1}}$ and $V_{\mathrm { OUT2}}$ were 396 and $0~\mu \text {W}$ , respectively, and a 0.62 V input to a 4.54 V output with 49.1% efficiency when the output powers were 0 and $114~\mu \text {W}$ , respectively.

Soft-Switching Step-Up Converter With Ripple-Free Output Current

A soft-switching step-up converter with ripple-free output current is proposed. This converter is based on a voltage-boosting converter, named KY converter. Thus, the proposed converter has features of KY converter such as clamped switch voltage stresses to input voltage, nonpulsating output current and fast transient response. In addition, by utilizing an auxiliary circuit, the zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of power switches is achieved. Therefore, the switching loss is reduced and the system efficiency is improved. Moreover, the auxiliary circuit cancels out the filter inductor current ripple. Then, ripple-free output current is achieved. The operational principle and a steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. In order to verify the theoretical analysis, experimental results based on a 60 W prototype at a constant switching frequency of 200 kHz are presented.

A Highly Efficient Switched-Capacitor Voltage Boost Converter with Nano-Watt MPPT Controller for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting

A Highly Efficient Switched-Capacitor Voltage Boost Converter with Nano-Watt MPPT Controller for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting

Soft-Switching Step-Up Converter with Small Output Current Ripple

A soft-switching step-up converter with small output current ripple is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter is based on a voltage-boosting converter, named KY converter which has features such as small output voltage ripple, fast transient response, non-pulsating output current and clamped switch voltage stresses to input voltage. In addition to the features of the KY converter, the proposed converter provides soft-switching of all power semiconductor devices and reduces switching losses by utilizing a small additional inductor. Power switches operate with zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) and a power diode operates with zero-current switching (ZCS). Therefore, the system efficiency is improved and electrical noises are reduced significantly. The operational principle and a steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are provided in detail. In order to verify the theoretical analysis, experimental results based on a 60W prototype at a constant switching frequency of 200 kHz are presented.

Improved small signal model for voltage‐boosting converter with hybrid energy pumping

Voltage-boosting converter with hybrid energy pumping, which possesses high voltage conversion, small voltage stress on the low-side switch and diode and easy to drive, is a good topology of DC–DC converters for obtaining high output voltage to satisfy the requirements in practical applications. In this study, after indicating the drawbacks of the existing small signal model of the voltage-boosting converter with hybrid energy pumping from the comparisons between the theoretical calculations and the power electronics simulator (PSIM) simulations, an improved small signal model and corresponding transfer functions of this new converter in continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode operations are derived and analysed. The results from the theoretical analysis, PSIM simulations and circuit experiments show that the improved small signal model of the voltage-boosting converter with hybrid energy pumping here is more effective, accurate and general than the existing model.

Improvement in voltage conversion ratio for step up converter established by KY and buck–boost converters based on coupled inductor

In this study, a novel voltage-boosting converter is presented, which combines a charge pump and a coupled inductor with the turns ratio. It aims to improve the intrinsic disadvantages of the traditional boost converter and buck-boost converter. In addition, the corresponding voltage gain is greater than that of the existing step up converter combing KY and buck-boost converters. Since the proposed converter possesses an output inductor, the output current is non-pulsating, resulting in a relatively small output voltage ripple. Above all, part of the leakage inductance energy can be recycled to the output capacitor of the buck-boost converter. In this study, the operating principles and the power flow analyses are firstly discussed in detail, and finally, an experimental prototype with a 12 V input voltage, 96 V output voltage and 60 W output power is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Voltage Gain Enhancement for a Step-Up Converter Constructed by KY and Buck-Boost Converters

In this paper, a novel voltage-boosting converter is presented, which combines one charge pump and one coupled inductor with the turns ratio. The corresponding voltage gain is greater than that of the existing step-up converter combining KY and buck-boost converters. Since the proposed converter possesses an output inductor, the output current is nonpulsating. After some mathematical deductions, an experimental setup with 12-V input voltage, 72-V output voltage, and 60-W output power is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.