Vologda Province Research Articles

Реализация взаимного страхования «от огня» строений духовного ведомства в России в 1910–1917 годы (по материалам Усть-Сысольского уезда Вологодской губернии)

The paper deals with the study of the pre-revolutionary experience of mutual insurance against fires of real estate of the Russian Orthodox Church. Based on financial and office documents of the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd of the Vologda province, the process of practical implementation of insurance of buildings of the ecclesiastical department on the principles of reciprocity is recreated. The regulatory framework for mutual insurance was based on the legislative act of 1904, but the insurance assessment of buildings was carried out only in 1910. Information is provided on the structure of insurance documents, cases of fires and payments for damage “from fire” from sources deposited in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive. By January 1, 1911, diocesan buildings in the Russian Empire were insured for over 800 million rubles, in the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd – for over 859 thousand rubles. Information on the number of insured buildings and their insurance assessment, the amount of annual premiums and compensations for insurance cases in the Ust-Sysolsk Uyezd is systematized. The analyzed materials made it possible to correlate insurance premiums and insurance business costs, to access both the negative aspects and the benefits of mutual insurance for policyholders. The author comes to the conclusion that the practices of mutual real estate insurance, organized by the Holy Synod, demonstrate valuable experience in finding solutions to eliminate material damage “from fire”, when fire losses were compensated through small contributions. Insurance on the principles of rerciprocity was most important for regional parishes, that did not have large incomes and were often unable to independantly restore destroyed buildings. Due to compensations, it was possible to repair and restore many buildings of the ecclesiastical department. Despite bureaucratic, travel, and clerical expenses for insurance business, the remaining funds allowed to form a “reserve capital”, that performed the function of a reserve fund.

Купечество Вологодской губернии в структуре городского самоуправления в последней трети XIX века

The paper deals with the correlation between the proportion of merchants in the total urban population of the Vologda province in the second third of the XIX century and the degree of representation of the merchant class in local self-government after the approval of the Town Regulations in 1870 and then in 1892. Based on materials published in the “Vologda Provincial Gazette” in the 1870s–1890s, the share of the merchant class in the number of electors in the towns of the Vologda province and the share of the merchant class in the number of elected members of the municipal Dumas were calculated and summarized in tabular and graphical form. The results of the analysis not only confirmed the widespread participation of merchants both in electoral processes as voters and in local self-government bodies – municipal Dumas, but also revealed certain patterns. Thus, the more developed the town was in terms of trade and industry, the more representative was the share of merchants among the members of the Duma, even despite the modest share of the merchant class in the total population of the town. And, conversely, in towns where trade and industry were rather of local importance, the share of merchants among members of the municipal Dumas was only slightly higher than their share in the total population of the town. The changing role of the town in the economic life of the province was also reflected in the degree of representation of the merchant class in the municipal Duma.

The Tsar family’s settlements and peasants of the Solvychegodsk Uyezd of the Vologda province at the end of the XVIII-mid-XIX centuries

The Tsar family’s settlements and peasants of the Solvychegodsk Uyezd of the Vologda province at the end of the XVIII-mid-XIX centuries

«Парадная» сторона общественной жизни купечества Вологодской губернии во второй половине XIX века

Despite the fact that the history of the Russian merchants has been of great interest to researchers for more than two decades, there are still little studied aspects in this area, including the «ceremonial» side of the public life of representatives of the merchant class. This area of research activity seems very promising, as it can significantly complement the sociocultural portrait of the merchant class. The purpose of this paper is to recreate the picture of the participation of the merchants of the Vologda province in festive and solemn events as an important part of public life in the second half of the XIX century. Based on the «Vologda Provincial Gazette» for 1861-1899, using the methods of formalizing and systematizing historical data, such components of the «ceremonial» side of the public life of the local merchants as the celebration of important dates related to the Romanov House; accompanying members of the imperial family who visited the province; participation in official events organized by the Governor; Clubs membership were identified. The published materials indicate that the merchants took an active part in local celebrations dedicated to the events from the life of merchants, as well as provided significant financial support to the related various charitable initiatives. The most important events of the provincial authorities could not do without representatives of the merchant class. Besides, in the second half of the XIX century, the general urban leisure space for a wide range of people, including merchants, began to take shape. These aspects nevertheless allow us to outline the main facets of the «ceremonial» side of the public life of the merchants of the Vologda province in the second half of the XIX century and set directions for further research.

Onfiscation of church valuables on the territory of the Gryazovets district of the Vologda Province in 1922–1923. (Based on materials from the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

onfiscation of church valuables on the territory of the Gryazovets district of the Vologda Province in 1922–1923. (Based on materials from the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

“I am given a special task in my future ministry — it’s missionary activity, which attracted me from the days of my youth …”: Bishop Neophyte’s (Slednikov) missionary activity among the Old Believers of the Vologda province

“I am given a special task in my future ministry — it’s missionary activity, which attracted me from the days of my youth …”: Bishop Neophyte’s (Slednikov) missionary activity among the Old Believers of the Vologda province

Kreditnaya i finansovaya politika vlastej v agrarnoj sfere ekonomiki Vologodskogo kraya v 1920-e gg.

The article discusses the development of the agrarian sector of the economy of the Vologda province in the 1920s. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of the financial policy of the authorities and the credit policy of banking institutions on the process of restoration and the functioning of agriculture in the region. To solve the problems of the study, legislative, office work, statistical sources, as well as materials from the periodical press were used.

Organization of veterinary service in the Vologda province in the late XIX – early XX centuries (according to the documents of the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

Organization of veterinary service in the Vologda province in the late XIX – early XX centuries (according to the documents of the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

Предпринимательство купечества Европейского Севера России во второй трети XIX века: возможности и риски (на примере Вологодской губернии)

The paper considers, in addition to trade and industry, various forms of entrepreneurship of the merchants in the European North of Russia in the second third of the XIX century, case study of the Vologda province. The main source was publications in the Vologda Provincial Gazette for 1838-1860. Based on the results of the analysis of materials, it is possible to single out: insurance business; rental property; private lending, etc. Various concomitant risks of entrepreneurial activity of merchants were also noted, such as: damage to equipment at enterprises due to fire or natural disasters; non-payments for goods or loans; loss of cargo during transportation, etc. The consequence of the inefficient circulation of financial resources could be the auction sale of the merchant's movable or immovable property to cover debts; declaring a merchant "an insolvent debtor"; transition to philistinism. If the merchant committed a crime or misdemeanor, the deprivation of a good name was part of the criminal punishment.

The Contribution of Merchants to the Formation of the System of Female Education in the Russian Province (Based on the Materials of Vologda Province in the second third of the 19th century)

The Contribution of Merchants to the Formation of the System of Female Education in the Russian Province (Based on the Materials of Vologda Province in the second third of the 19th century)

Annotated list of ichneumonid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of Vologda province (Russia)

The results of the study of the fauna of parasitoid wasps of the family Ichneumonidae in Vologda Province are presented. The work summarizes the published data (1921-2019) and the original material predominantly collected by the authors in 1995-2019. A total of 191 species are recorded, of which 112 are reported for Vologda Province for the rst time. Three species are rstly recorded for the Russian fauna: Lissonota transversostriata , Hoplocryptus murarius and Daschia brevitarsis , and 14 species, for the North of the European part of Russia: Adelognathus chrysopygus , Dolichomitus cephalotes , Exetastes geniculosus , Glypta elongata , G. nigricornis , Lissonota histrio , Metopius citratus , M. fuscipennis , Phradis minutus , Pimpla illecebrator , Poemenia brachyura , Therion brevicorne , Tersilochus striola , T. triangularis. Of the seventy-one species reported in the 1920s, only 11 are present in the new material. Several of the reported Ichneumonidae species have the northern distribution border passing through Vologda Province.

The Contribution of Merchants to the Formation of the System of Female Education in the Russian Province (based on the Materials of Vologda Province in the Second Third of the 19th century)

The Contribution of Merchants to the Formation of the System of Female Education in the Russian Province (based on the Materials of Vologda Province in the Second Third of the 19th century)

Annotated List of Darwin Wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of Vologda Province (Russia)

Annotated List of Darwin Wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) of Vologda Province (Russia)

Благотворительная деятельность купечества в сфере народного просвещения (на примере Вологодской губернии второй трети XIX века)

With help of the materials published in the Vologda Provincial Gazette, the paper examines the main directions of charitable activity of the merchants in the Vologda province in the public education sphere in the second third of the XIX century. They include donations for the current needs of educational institutions, presenting schools with items necessary for the learning process, financial support of poor students, maintenance of educational buildings. The large-scale contribution provided by merchants to the education system of the province is confirmed by the public expression of gratitude from high officials of public education and giving them awards.

У истоков частного страхования в Вологодской губернии: уполномоченный агент купец И.Т. Бовыкин

The paper describes the insurance activity of the Vologda merchant Ivan Tikhonovich Bovykin in the second third of the XIX century. The main source of materials was publications in the “Vologda Provincial Gazette” for 1838–1860. According to the data obtained, I.T. Bovykin was the most active authorized agent in the Vologda province, representing the largest and most famous private insurance institutions of the Russian Empire in different years. From 1847 to 1859, he, the only one in the province, was engaged in transport insurance. In the field of fire insurance despite high competition, I.T. Bavykin was active from 1848 to 1859, working on behalf of the country’s oldest insurance joint-stock company. Moreover, during the considered period he was the only agent in the province specializing in life insurance.

Моряки Усть-Сысольского уезда - участники русско-японской войны 1904-1905 годов

The paper provides biographical and statistical information about the native sons of the Ust-Sysolsk district of the Vologda province - participants in the naval battles of the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Special attention is paid to the heroes who were awarded the highest military awards (17 of 55 identified personalities) and to the dead sailors. The paper indicates their place of service, circumstances of performed feats. Being residents of the continental region, they successfully mastered complex naval professions and fought bravely against the enemy. There are examples of perpetuating the memory of individual heroes.

The fight against illegal logging in the European North of Russia in the end of the 18th - first half of the 19th century (on the materials of the Vologda province)

The article examines illegal logging in the Vologda province at the end of the XVIII - first half of the XIX century on a wide range of archival materials. Particular attention is paid to the activities initiated by the state to combat this phenomenon, and the activities of local officials that contributed to its prosperity. In the European North of Russia, both unauthorized logging, organized by peasants for their own needs, and illegal logging by industrialists under the patronage of local officials, had a significant scope. It is shown that the formation of forest protection legislation continued throughout the entire period, but, despite all attempts to improve the rules for the use of forests, it was hardly possible to create a management system and effective supervision, excluding the possibility of abuse, even by the middle of the 19th century.

Строительство учреждений пенитенциарной системы вологодской губернии в конце XIX – начале XX вв.

В статье представлены описание и характеристика основных строительных объектов пенитенциарной системы вологодской губернии конца XIX – начала XX вв. На основе проектно-технических материалов (проектов, планов и чертежей зданий) и организационно-распорядительных документов, сохранившихся в фондах Государственного архива вологодской области, выявляются и обобщаются главные особенности и отличительные черты возведения, пере- устройства и ремонта тюремных учреждений дореволюционного периода. The article describes and characterizes key construction facilities of the Vologda province penitentiary system of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. On the basis of design and technical materials (projects, plans and drawings of buildings) and organizational and administrative documents preserved in the funds of the State Archive of the Vologda Oblast, key characteristics and distinctive features of the construction, reconstruction and repair of pre-revolutionary prison institutions are identified and summarized.

THE COMPOSITION OF THE BRETHREN IN THE ORTHODOX MONASTERIES OF THE VOLOGDA PROVINCE IN THE 1860s - 1917

After the abolition of serfdom in Russia, the composition of Orthodox monasteries radically changed due to the arrival of immigrants from the peasant class, who began to make up more than half of the monastics in the monasteries of the Vologda province. At the same time, in some monasteries of the province there was a decrease in the number of residents, in others - a kind of stabilization of the monastic community. In some monasteries, especially in women’s monasteries, there was an increase in the number of inhabitants. However, in the 1860s - 1917 in the main male regular monasteries of the Vologda province, the number of residents was below the established standards. On the other hand, during the time there was a clear “aging” of male monasticism in the province, while the age characteristics of those who lived in female monasteries were multidirectional. Clear positive trends in the number of monks and sisters and their age indicators were observed in the new cenobitic monasteries - in the Ulyanovsk Trinity-Stefanovsky male and Kyltovsky Holy Cross female monasteries.

Family records of Borisov-Vityazev peasant kin of the mid 19th to 20th centuries

The article is dedicated to the problem of keeping family records by several generations of the peasant family. In the course of the study, diaries and biographies of Borisov-Vityazev, a good kin representing the local lore tradition of Solvychegodsk locality of Vologda Province (nowadays, Krasnoborsk district of Arkhangelsk Region) have been examined. When studying the content of the materials, the general subject and genre features of the recordings were distinguished. The conducted research allowed to establish that within one peasant family, diaries with exclusively practical significance had eventually passed into the category of memoirs with reflexive and ethical principles – personal notes had replaced the pragmatic function of diaries.