Vocational Year Research Articles

Changing pattern of smoking in relation to adverse childhood experiences among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Bangkok, Thailand

ABSTRACT Background Youth cigarette smoking has decreased significantly over the last two decades. The Southeast Asian Region has the highest rates of tobacco use, but the trend is projected to decline rapidly, similar to levels seen globally. Methods The aim of this study was to portray the changing pattern of smoking in relation to history of ACEs among adolescents. Data were extracted from the 2017 and 2019 rounds of the Bangkok Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS), which sampled students in grades 11 and vocational Year 2 students, ages 13 to 17 years. A combined total of 8,200 adolescents participated: 4,126 in 2017 and 4,074 in 2019. Results The prevalence of tobacco smoking in the previous 30 days was 14.7% (95% CI 13.4, 15.6) in 2017 and 7.7% (95% CI 7.0, 8.1) in 2019. Similarly, the proportion of adolescents with a history of ACEs declined slightly from 52.1% to 45.9%. Adolescents with ACEs were more likely to report smoking in the past 30 days. Conclusions Future researchers should consider mechanisms for the ACE-smoking association and use of emerging tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes. Tobacco control efforts should focus on adolescents with ≥ 4 ACEs.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Prevalence of Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use Among Adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand.

Currently, e-cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and dual use in a sample of adolescents in Bangkok, Thailand. The sample comprises 6167 students from 48 schools (grades 9, 11, and vocational year 2) who participated in the 2019 round of the Behavior Surveillance Survey. History of 11 ACEs was used to calculate a cumulative ACE score (range 0-11). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between history of ACEs and smoking. In the sample, 7.0% reported using e-cigarettes only and 9.5% used e-cigarettes and cigarettes (dual use). After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, history of ACEs was associated with increased odds of dual use. The odds of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was significantly greater if the adolescent had a history of ≥4 ACEs. Special attention is needed to prevent smoking of different types among those with a history of ACEs.

Comparative Effects of Structured and Guided Inquiry Instructional Techniques on Students’ Academic Achievement in Basic Electricity in Kwara State Technical Colleges

The study was designed to determine the effects of Structured and Guided Inquiry Instructional Techniques on Technical College students’ academic achievement in Basic Electricity. Four research questions raised and 3 Null hypotheses guided the study. Quasi-experimental research design involving pre-test, Post-test, non-equivalent control group was used in this study. The population of the study was 233 Electrical/Electronics Vocational Year 2 students from Kwara State technical colleges. This consisted of 134 students as the subjects in the experimental group I and 99 students as the subjects in the experimental group II. The instrument used for data collection was Basic Electricity Academic Achievement Tests (BEAT). The instrument was subjected to face