Vocabulary Of People Research Articles

Face-to-face and virtual vocabulary learning for individuals with intellectual disabilities

People with mild intellectual disabilities (ID) often have difficulties understanding and expressing advanced linguistic concepts. Prior to the arrival of COVID-19, there were no research-backed models to guide virtual interventions with this population. The research presented here pursues three objectives: to determine if the vocabulary of people with mild ID improves following face-to-face and virtual learning interventions, to understand the differences between these two interventions, and to assess participants’ perceptions of both modalities. The sample consists of 10 adults with mild ID who participated in 10 face-to-face learning sessions and 10 virtual learning sessions. An ad hoc designed vocabulary assessment instrument and semi-structured interviews are used, in addition to statistical software SPSS and Atlas.ti. The results show improvements in vocabulary in both modalities, although no significant differences were found, suggesting that both in-person and virtual modalities are effective for vocabulary learning in people with ID. However, there were exceptions in some categories such as gardening and baking. Likewise, participants expressed satisfaction and enthusiasm toward both interventions, but showed a preference for face-to-face sessions.

National Character of Linguocultural Units in the Creative Heritage of M.Zh. Kopeiuly

In this article, the national character of meaning and content in the linguistic and cognitive field of linguocultural units from the unique work of the famous poet, scientist Mashhur Zhusup is considered. It is not difficult to identify linguistic and cultural units in the works of Mashkhur Zhusup Kopeiuly, which reflect the characteristic features of the natural nature of the Kazakh people, the National way of thinking, and the traditional model of worldview. In the written heritage of Mashhur, which covers in detail the socio-social, spiritual and domestic state of the Kazakh country in that period, life and cultural background, economic care, Customs and traditions, thinking system and political and social cognition, there are many examples of literary and artistic methods and techniques. Based on linguistic and cultural units of national significance in the development of the spiritual heritage of mashhur Zhusup, the modernization of the scientific space of National Quality, the national consciousness of our people, which has been sharpened for many years, is an urgent problem today. The linguistic personality, which is determined based on ethno-cultural units in the writer's works, is studied from the point of view of national cognition, and specific conclusions are summed up. On the basis of the speeches of M.Zh. Kopeiuly, the features of the reflection of social changes in the life, Life principles and worldview of the people are formulated using examples from the course of his works in the journalistic genre in the creative world. Linguoculturology is one of the sciences that describes the linguistic and cultural information of the people's culture and the vocabulary of people who use this language, shows the national culture to other peoples through their spoken language, raises the status of the national spirit and language, brings the linguistic heritage of the country to its peak and transmits it to future generations, can both create and shine linguistic evidence in the national sign. Identification of linguistic and cultural models in the works of Mashhur Zhusup Kopeiuly and writing this scientific research work will allow us to deeply study modern culture, ethics, aesthetics, ethnolinguistics and, through this, to show the original character of the people, to convey to future generations the whole beauty and significance of the language.

Salmonberry Bird and Goose Woman: Birds, Plants, and People In Indigenous Peoples' Lifeways In Northwestern North America

Both birds and plants are major components of the world's biocultural diversity. Salient species of both are recognized and named in virtually every language and both feature in countless ways in people's systems of knowledge, practice, and belief, as sources of food, materials, and medicines, and as ceremonial and religious symbols. However, these two major biological groups are also linked together, and their ecological associations are likewise reflected in cultural knowledge systems. In northwestern North America, there are many examples of the intersection of botanical and ornithological knowledge, reflected in people's vocabulary, narratives, belief systems, and management practices. Here we provide diverse illustrations of this intersection in cultural knowledge of plant-bird associations. These examples link together observations of bird habits and habitats with particular plant species and show how this complex integrated knowledge and experience has helped promote cultural richness and well-being for First Peoples of the region. Bird species from swans (Cygnus spp.) to hummingbirds (Trochilidae) and plants from edible root vegetables to nectar-producing flowers are exemplified as major representatives of ethnoecological connections. These relationships remind us of the importance of interspecies ties to environmental and cultural integrity—a key to sustainable living into the future.

Competitive dynamics of lexical innovations in multi-layer networks

We study the introduction of lexical innovations into a community of language users. Lexical innovations, i.e. new term added to people's vocabulary, plays an important role in the process of language evolution. Nowadays, information is spread through a variety of networks, including, among others, online and offline social networks and the World Wide Web. The entire system, comprising networks of different nature, can be represented as a multi-layer network. In this context, lexical innovations diffusion occurs in a peculiar fashion. In particular, a lexical innovation can undergo three different processes: its original meaning is accepted; its meaning can be changed or misunderstood (e.g. when not properly explained), hence more than one meaning can emerge in the population. Lastly, in the case of a loan word, it can be translated into the population language (i.e. defining a new lexical innovation or using a synonym) or into a dialect spoken by part of the population. Therefore, lexical innovations cannot be considered simply as information. We develop a model for analyzing this scenario using a multi-layer network comprising a social network and a media network. The latter represents the set of all information systems of a society, e.g. television, the World Wide Web and radio. Furthermore, we identify temporal directed edges between the nodes of these two networks. In particular, at each time-step, nodes of the media network can be connected to randomly chosen nodes of the social network and vice versa. In doing so, information spreads through the whole system and people can share a lexical innovation with their neighbors or, in the event they work as reporters, by using media nodes. Lastly, we use the concept of "linguistic sign" to model lexical innovations, showing its fundamental role in the study of these dynamics. Many numerical simulations have been performed to analyze the proposed model and its outcomes.

Metáforas científicas no discurso jornalístico

A educação e divulgação científicas não apenas ampliam o vocabulário e o repertório de conceitos científicos de uma população, mas, ao mesmo tempo, promovem a difusão de certas metáforas conceituais e cognitivas. Neste trabalho, descrevemos este processo e propomos uma classificação em termos de metáforas visíveis, invisíveis, básicas e derivadas. Focalizamos nossa atenção em metáforas físicas aplicadas a fenômenos psicológicos e sócio-econômicos, estudando dois casos exemplares através do exame exaustivo do conteúdo online de grandes portais jornalísticos brasileiros. Finalmente, apresentamos implicações e sugestões da teoria de metáforas cognitivas de Lakoff e Jonhson para o processo de educação e divulgação científicas.