Vivo Antidiabetic Activity Research Articles

Chemical Composition Analysis andIn Vivo Anti-diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Aerial Part ofPallenis spinosa in Diabetic Rats

Background: This work aims to confirm the anti-diabetic activity of Pallenis spinosa, as recommended in traditional medicine, and perform a chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa. Methods: The isolated compounds have been identified by chemical methods and spectrometric analysis, such as UV, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. With regard to the anti-diabetic activity, a series of experiments have been carried out in vivo on Westar albino rats. Diabetes has been induced in animals by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocine. They have been treated with an aqueous extract from the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) every day for 21 days. Results: The chemical analysis of the aerial part of Pallenis spinosa led to the isolation of five known flavonoids, including patuletin 7-galactopyranoside, patuletin-3-O-α-L-rharnnopyranosyl (1-6)-β-D-galactopyranoside, tricin 7-glucopyranoside, tricin, and quercetin. The aqueous extract of both doses, 250 mg and 500 mg, has shown significant activity in reducing blood sugar, with 43.38% for the dose of 250 mg/kg and 37.76% for the dose of 500 mg/kg, as well as a significant decrease in the total fatness, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol levels in animals. The treatment was compared to the diabetes control group (p = 0.05). We used glibenclamide as a reference, and it showed similar results. Conclusion: In order to explore and develop new anti-diabetic drugs, more studies are needed on this plant for scrutinizing its mechanism of activity.

In -Vivo Anti-Diabetic Activity of Hydro-Ethanolic Seed Extract of Syzygium Cumini (L.)

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus continues to be a major health problem in India and across the world. Over centuries, numerous herbal extracts have been used in the Indian traditional medicine to control elevated blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes. Different aqueous and organic extracts of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels have found widespread use owing to their anti-diabetic activity. A systematic study was undertaken to characterise and evaluate the effects of a hydro-ethanolic seed extract (SCE) of Syzygium cumini in a rodent model of experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: An established model of diabetes mellitus with a combination of streptozotocin and high fat diet (over 12 weeks) in adult male Wistar albino rats, was used in this study. The onset of diabetes mellitus in rats was confirmed with a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of >200 mg/dl. The diabetic rats were allocated into five experimental groups and treated as follows: with vehicle alone, pioglitazone (10 mg/kg), 100mg/kg or 200mg/kg or 400 mg/kg of SCE, respectively for 21 days. The pre and post treatment levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipids were measured from serum obtained from the various treatment groups. In order to measure insulin resistance, a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and for measuring the beta cell function a homeostasis model assessment were employed. The results obtained from these studies were analysed using the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Results: Our study demonstrates the SCE preparation to induce a statistically significant dose-dependent reduction in FBG, serum lipid levels and HOMA IR with a concomitant increase in the serum insulin levels and HOMA B. Conclusions: Wistar rats dosed with SCE at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated statistically significant anti-diabetic activity by virtue of improving the pancreatic beta cell function and reduction in insulin resistance.

In Vitro Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Withania frutescens L. Foliar Extract.

Withania frutescens L. is a wild perennial woody plant used by the local population for diverse therapeutic purposes. This work aims to study for the first time the potential inhibitory effect of this plant hydroethanolic extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities using in vitro methods and its antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities using alloxan-induced diabetic mice as a model for experimental diabetes. Two doses were selected for the in vivo study (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide, a well-known antidiabetic drug (positive control) in a subacute study (28 days) where the antihyperglycemic activity was also assessed over a period of 12 h on diabetic mice. The continuous treatment of diabetic mice with the extract of Withania frutescens for 4 weeks succeeded to slowly manage their high fasting blood glucose levels (after two weeks), while the antihyperglycemic test result revealed that the extract of this plant did not control hyperglycemia in the short term. No toxicity signs or death were noted for the groups treated with the plant extract, and it shows a protective effect on the liver and kidney. The in vitro assays demonstrated that the inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase might be one of the mechanisms of action exhibited by the extract of this plant to control and prevent postprandial hyperglycemia. This work indicates that W. frutescens have an important long term antidiabetic effect that can be well established to treat diabetes.

In Vitro and in Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Rumex Vesicarius Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Albino Wister Rats

Objective: The principle goal of this work is to assess the in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius in the streptozotocin actuated diabetic rats. Methods: Single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight) was used for induction of diabetes in albino rats. The induction of diabetes was confirmed after 3 days of streptozotocin injection and rats with fasting blood glucose levels were greater than 200 mg/dl and were considered to be diabetic used in the experiment. Rumex vesicarius at a once daily dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg along with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg was also given for 1 week. On the last day, the blood was collected from all groups of rats which have fasted overnight by puncturing the retro-orbit of the eye under mild ether anesthetic condition. Results: The statistical data indicated that the different doses of Rumex vesicarius significantly decrease the level of blood glucose in streptozotocin induced rats. This result indicated that Rumex vesicarius can protect pancreatic β-cells from streptozotocin induced damage which is confirmed by the results of histopathological examination of pancreas. Conclusion: Our investigation has clearly indicated that ethanolic extract of Rumex vesicarius showed antihyperglycemic activity due to its possible systemic effect involving in pancreatic mechanism.

Novel anti-diabetic and luminescent coordination compounds based on vanadium

Novel vanadium coordination compounds have been synthesized. Both compounds exhibit intense photoluminescence emission and showin vivoantidiabetic activity.

Gc-Ms Study of Two Column Fractions from Methanol Extracts of Loranthus Micranthus and Their In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

The methanol extracts of Loranthus micranthus fractions were collected from column chromatography. From TLC, the fraction 17 and 20 were selected based on the clear distiguishable of bands and few phytochemicals. Same fractions when subjected to GC-MS, fraction-17 yielded 13 and fraction-20 yielded 11 prominent compounds. Diabetic rats that were treated with the fraction 17 and 20 showed significantly increase in body weight (16.52 and 12.43 % respectively). Hypoglycemic effect and antihyperlipidemic characters (decrease in the previously elevated levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides) were observed. The two fractions treated rats have also showed the regeneration of pancreatic connective tissue, acini, blood vessels, blood capillaries, pancreatic ducts and their walls, islets capsule and cells in accordance to proper cytoarchitecture. The in vivo antidiabetic property may be due to the presence of single or all phytochemicals in the fraction. Greater activity was observed in fraction-17. However, further experimental studies are still needed for identification of the functionally relevant phytochemical(s) in management of diabetes in rats.

In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity and Safety In Rats of Cissampelos pareira Traditionally Used In The Management of Diabetes Mellitus In Embu County, Kenya

Cissampelos pareira Linn has been used traditionally in the management of several diseases including diabetes mellitus but its efficacy and safety after long term use is not scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine in vivo hypoglycemic activity and safety of aqueous leaf extracts of C. pareira in white male albino rats. The extracts were screened for their hypoglycemic activity in alloxan induced diabetic rats using the oral and intraperitoneal routes. The safety of these extracts was studied in rats orally or intraperitoneally administered with 1 g/kg body weight daily for 28 days by recording the changes in body and organ weight, hematological and biochemical parameters and histology. Mineral composition of the extracts were estimated using total reflection X-ray fluorescence system (TRXF) while the types and quantities of phytochemicals present were assessed using standard procedures. Aqueous extracts orally and intraperitoneally administered at 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg body weight demonstrated hypoglycemic activity with the intraperitoneal route being more effective than the oral route. Oral and intraperitoneal dose of 1 g/kg body weight of the leaf extracts significantly reduced the body weight gain. The same intraperitoneal dose increased the liver and spleen, and decreased the testis weight; and reduced the hemoglobin levels, packed cell volume and increased the platelet count; increased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and creatine kinase and histologically slightly injured the liver and spleen and orally increased the activity of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase, and decreased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase. The extracts contained phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, and reducing sugars. Potassium, calcium, and iron levels in the extracts were below the recommended daily allowance. In conclusion, the observed hypoglycemic activity and slight toxicity could be associated with the phytonutrients present in this plant extract. This study recommends continued use of this plant as an herbal medicine.

In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract of Croton macrostachyus in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice

The folklore reports from traditional medical practitioners that Croton macrostachyus has bioactivity against several diseases including diabetes mellitus have not been scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of this plant in male swiss white albino mice. Aqueous leaf extract of Croton macrostachyus was intraperitoneally and orally administered to alloxan (180.9 mg/ kg; intraperitoneally)-induced diabetic mice at different doses of 25 mg/kgbwt, 48.4 mg/kgbwt, 93.5 mg/kgbwt, 180.9 mg/kgbwt and 350 mg/kgbwt and the effects on blood glucose levels investigated. The treatments effects were compared with three controls (normal, diabetic and diabetic treated with a standard antidiabetic drugs (insulin administered intraperitoneally at 1 IU/kg body weight in 0.1 ml physiological saline or glibenclamide administered orally at 3 mg/kg body weight in 0.1 ml physiological saline). Phytochemical composition of the leaf extracts were qualitatively assessed using standard procedures.The diabetic control mice showed significantly (p<0.05) higher fasting blood glucose when compared with normal control mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with doses of the leaf extract resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of fasting blood glucose. The effects of the leaf extract were comparable with the conventional drugs. However, the glucose lowering potency of this plant extract was dose independent. The aqueous leaf extracts contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, anthraquinones and alkaloids. The observed hypoglycemic activity could be associated with the phytochemicals present in this plant extract. Therefore, the results suggest that Croton macrostachyus leaf extract is a potent hypoglycemic agent and this validates their folkloric usage. Further studies to investigate the mechanism of action for hypoglycemic activity for these plant species should be done in order to explore possibilities of developing a drug that can function by similar mode of action as the plant extract.

Conjugates of degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch and sulfonylureas: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo antidiabetic activity.

Orally administered drugs usually face the problem of low water solubility, low permeability, and less retention in bloodstream leading to unsatisfactory pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. Polymer conjugation has attracted increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry for delivering such low molecular weight (Mw) drugs as well as some complex compounds. In the present work, degraded and oxidized hydroxyethyl starch (HES), a highly biocompatible semisynthetic biopolymer, was used as a drug carrier to overcome the solubility and permeability problems. The HES was coupled with synthesized N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones, a class of sulfonylurea derivatives, by creating an amide linkage between the two species. The coupled products were characterized using GPC, FT-IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The experiments established the viability of covalent coupling between the biopolymer and N-arylsulfonylbenzimidazolones. The coupled products were screened for their in vivo antidiabetic potential on male albino rats. The coupling of sulfonylurea derivatives with HES resulted in a marked increase of the hypoglycemic activity of all the compounds. 2,3-Dihydro-3-(4-nitrobenzensulfonyl)-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole coupled to HES10100 was found most potent with a 67% reduction in blood glucose level of the rats as compared to 41% reduction produced by tolbutamide and 38% by metformin.

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Activity of 1,3,5-Triaryl-2-Pyrazolines in Acetic Acid Solution under Ultrasound Irradiation

A chalcone was prepared by the reaction of 4-methylbenzaldehyde with 4-methylacetophenone in dilute methanolic sodium hydroxide solution under ultrasonic irradiationin the water bath of an ultrasonic cleaner at room temperature. Treatment of this chalcone with thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide hydrochloride/benzhydrazide/benzenesulphonyl hydrazide/phenylhydrazine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding 2-pyrazoline in good yields. All the new compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR spectral data. All the target compounds were evaluated for their In Vivo anti-diabetic activity in rates in comparison with as reference drug.

Synthesis, Characterization and Anti-Diabetic Activity of 1,3,5-Triaryl-2-Pyrazolines in Acetic Acid Solution under Ultrasound Irradiation

A chalcone was prepared by the reaction of 4-methylbenzaldehyde with 4-methylacetophenone in dilute methanolic sodium hydroxide solution under ultrasonic irradiationin the water bath of an ultrasonic cleaner at room temperature. Treatment of this chalcone with thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide hydrochloride/benzhydrazide/benzenesulphonyl hydrazide/phenylhydrazine hydrochloride afforded the corresponding 2-pyrazoline in good yields. All the new compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR spectral data. All the target compounds were evaluated for their In Vivo anti-diabetic activity in rates in comparison with as reference drug.