Vitreous Hemorrhage Group Research Articles

VITRECTOMY WITH SUBRETINAL INJECTION OF RECOMBINANT TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR FOR SUBMACULAR HEMORRHAGE WITH OR WITHOUT VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE.

To evaluate the outcomes and prognostic factors of pars plana vitrectomy combined with subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for submacular hemorrhage (SMH) patients with or without vitreous hemorrhage (VH). Sixty-four eyes of 64 patients with SMH underwent pars plana vitrectomy with subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Best-corrected visual acuity, SMH displacement, and postoperative complications were analyzed. Predictive factors of the final best-corrected visual acuity were determined using multivariant linear regression. There were 26 eyes with VH and 38 eyes without VH best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved in both VH group (from 2.27 ± 0.40 to 1.25 ± 0.70 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and non-VH group (from 1.76 ± 0.55 to 0.85 ± 0.65 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution). Complete displacement of SMHs was observed in 47 (73.43%) eyes. Postoperative complications included recurrent SMH (4.69%), recurrent VH (10.94%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (3.13%), and epiretinal membrane (4.68%). Treatment-naive condition, early surgery, and younger age were significantly associated with better final best-corrected visual acuity ( B = 0.502, 0.303, and 0.021, respectively, with all P < 0.05). Pars plana vitrectomy combined with subretinal recombinant tissue plasminogen activator injection is an effective treatment for SMH patients with and without VH.

Ocular Survival Following Intravitreal Melphalan as Adjuvant Treatment for Vitreous Retinoblastoma Seeding.

To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal chemotherapy for vitreous seeding in patients with retinoblastoma (Rb). Retrospective, single-arm cohort study. This study was conducted at a tertiary eye center. Between 2013 and 2021, 27 patients (27 eyes) with vitreous Rb receiving adjuvant intravitreal melphalan (IVM) as secondary/salvage treatment in one eye were included. Patients who were unable to follow-up or treated elsewhere were excluded. Survival analysis was performed to assess the incidence of enucleation in the melphalan-treated group, as well as in bilateral cases with eyes receiving melphalan and those receiving standard treatment, consisting of chemotherapy, thermotherapy, and enucleation according to the disease stage. The median (interquartile range) follow-up time was 65 months (range, 34-83 months). Seventeen patients (63%) had bilateral disease. Sixteen eyes (59%) were saved. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimates for eyes receiving melphalan were 100% at 1 year (95% confidence interval [CI]:11.2-14.3), 75% (95% CI:14.2-48.9) at 3 years, and 50% at 5 years. Melphalan-treated patients with bilateral disease showed a significantly higher number of saved eyes than the standard treatment group (P=0.002). Tumor recurrence was the primary cause of enucleation, accounting for 36% of the cases. In the vitreous hemorrhage group, the odds of enucleation were 13 times higher (95% CI:1.04-165.28) than in the group without this condition. IVM is an effective treatment option for vitreous seeds. After 3 years of follow-up, the estimated survival rate for saved eyes decreased, and vitreous hemorrhage significantly increased the likelihood of enucleation. Further studies are required to determine the precise effects of IVM.

Clinical features and outcomes of breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage secondary to polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with hemorrhagic complications is at higher risk for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage (VH). This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of breakthrough VH secondary to PCV. Data of patients receiving pars plana vitrectomy for breakthrough VH secondary to PCV (VH group) were evaluated retrospectively and compared statistically to data of age and sex-matched PCV patients without breakthrough VH (control group). Among PCV patients, 36 eyes with breakthrough VH and 62 eyes without VH were included. Compared with baseline, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was worse in the VH group (P < 0.001), and improved postoperatively (P < 0.001). Percentages of pigmented epithelial detachment (PED), hemorrhagic PED, massive subretinal hemorrhage, hemorrhagic retinal detachment (RD), and hemorrhagic choroidal detachment (CD) (P = 0.007) were higher in the VH group (P < 0.001). Incidence of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (P < 0.001), massive subretinal hemorrhage (P = 0.001), hemorrhagic retinal detachment (P = 0.001) and hemorrhagic type PCV (P = 0.001) was higher in patients with pachychoroid PCV, while fibrovascular type had lower incidence (P < 0.001). Better initial BCVA (P < 0.001), higher frequency of anti-VEGF treatment (P = 0.009), and previous photodynamic therapy (P = 0.017) showed better visual outcomes. Breakthrough VH risk is higher in PCV patients with massive subretinal hemorrhage, hemorrhagic PED and hemorrhagic RD. BCVA and hemorrhagic complications improve significantly postoperatively. Higher frequency of anti-VEGF treatment and previous photodynamic therapy are associated with better visual prognosis in PCV patients with breakthrough VH.

Vitrectomy Due to Vitreous Hemorrhage and Tractional Retinal Detachment Secondary to Eales' Disease

Objectives:To investigate visual and anatomical outcomes of vitreoretinal surgeries in patients with Eales’ disease.Materials and Methods:In this retrospective study, 22 eyes of 21 patients with vitreous hemorrhage (VH) or tractional retinal detachment (TRD) secondary to Eales’ disease who underwent vitreoretinal surgery between January 1997 and December 2015 and had at least 1 year of follow-up were included.Results:The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly higher at final visit (0.6±0.9 logMAR) than the preoperative values (1.8±1.1 logMAR) (p<0.001). After surgery, BCVA was stable in 4 eyes (18.2%), increased in 16 eyes (72.7%), and decreased in 2 eyes (9.1%). Although the mean BCVA was better in the VH group (0.3±0.34 logMAR) than the TRD group (0.9±1.1 logMAR), the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.1). Multivariable linear regression analyses revealed that final BCVA was negatively associated with preoperative or postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy grade C (PVR-C), preoperative retinal detachment involving the macula, postoperative neovascular glaucoma, and long preoperative duration of disease, and positively associated with preoperative BCVA. Final BCVA was not associated with preoperative retinal and disc neovascularization, rubeosis iridis, total posterior hyaloid detachment, preoperative retinal laser photocoagulation, indication of surgery, diameter of sclerotomy (20 or 23 gauge), preoperative lens status, preoperative or postoperative epimacular membrane, peroperative iatrogenic retinal breaks, postoperative hypotony, cystoid macular edema, and new or recurrent retinal detachment. The primary anatomic success rate was 81.8% and the final anatomic success rate was 90.9%.Conclusion:In Eales’ disease, good visual results can be obtained with vitreoretinal surgery if the detachment area does not involve the macula and PVR-C does not develop pre- or postoperatively.

Risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage after intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator and gas injection for submacular hemorrhage associated with age related macular degeneration.

PurposeWe investigated risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage (VH) after an intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and gas injection in patients with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsThe medical records of patients diagnosed with SMH associated with AMD who received an intravitreal tPA (50 μg/0.05 mL) and perfluoropropane gas (0.3 mL) injection were reviewed retrospectively. We analyzed the associations of breakthrough VH with age, sex, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, AMD subtype, accompanying sub-retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hemorrhage, history of cataract surgery, history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, history of drinking and smoking, and history of antiplatelet or anticoagulant medication. We also examined the relationships between various parameters, including the area ratio of the SMH to the optic disc (AHD) and the height of the SMH obtained from optical coherence tomography.ResultsIn total, 52 eyes from 52 patients were enrolled in this study; 16 eyes (30%) showed breakthrough VH. The proportions of patients with a current smoking history were 75.0% in the VH group and 22.2% in the non-VH group (p = 0.010). Other factors did not differ significantly between the two groups. The proportion of cases with accompanying sub-RPE hemorrhage was 50.0% and 58.3% in the VH and non-VH groups, respectively (p = 0.763). The AHD (p = 0.001) and SMH height (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the VH group. In a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off values of AHD and SMH height were 20.1 and 1208 μm, respectively. According to logistic regression analysis, when the AHD and SMH height were greater than the individual cut-off values, the odds ratio of VH increased by 10.286 fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.452–43.148; p = 0.001) and 75.400 fold (95% CI, 7.991–711.441; p < 0.001), respectively, with respect to their respective reference groups (less than the cut-off value). Among the significant factors associated with VH occurrence, including current smoking, AHD, and SMH height, only current smoking and SMH height were found to be significant in multiple regression analysis (p = 0.040, 0.016).ConclusionsThe incidence of breakthrough VH was significantly higher in those with current smoking status and for SMH with a larger AHD and greater height. The height of the SMH was more predictable of the possibility of VH than AHD.

Reoperation following vitrectomy for diabetic vitreous hemorrhage with versus without preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab

BackgroundTo compare the reoperation rate in patients with vitreous hemorrhage (VH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with or without preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB).MethodsIn this retrospective study, 280 patients (362 eyes) with diabetic VH were divided into a group that received preoperative IVB and a group that did not receive preoperative IVB. According to B-scan or color Doppler ultrasonography, the eyes were grouped as a VH group and a tractional retinal detachment (TRD) group. The reoperation rate, visual and anatomical outcomes of treatment were evaluated after 6 months.ResultsThere were 17.4% of eyes in the VH group that did not receive preoperative IVB later required additional vitrectomy, while only 7.7% of the eyes in the VH group that received preoperative IVB required additional vitrectomy (P = 0.025). There were 45.5% of eyes in the TRD group that did not receive preoperative IVB had no reoperation, while only 21.4% of the eyes in the TRD group that received preoperative IVB had no reoperation (P = 0.004). The patients with one operation achieved better vision than those required reoperations in the VH group (P = 0.038) and TRD group (P = 0.019).ConclusionsPreoperative IVB significantly reduced the re-vitrectomy rate in patients with VH without TRD, but there was an increase in the reoperation rate in patients with VH combined with TRD.

Comprehensive analysis of vitreous humor chemokines in type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy.

To compare the vitreous levels of chemokines in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. To find the relationship between stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and levels of vitreous chemokines. The study involved 20 non-diabetic and 20 diabetic patients without clinical signs of DR (NDR) and 40 diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The vitreous humor was collected and the levels of 40 chemokines were measured using magnetic color-bead-based multiplex assay. The control group, NDR group, PDR with vitreous hemorrhage (VH) group, and PDR with tractional retinal detachment group comprised 20, 20, 21, and 19 eyes, respectively. Only the concentration of CCL3 was significantly higher in the NDR group compared with the controls (p = 0.038). Twenty-five types of chemokines were statistically higher in the PDR with VH group in comparison to NDR group (all p < 0.05). All chemokines were statistically higher in the PDR with TRD group in comparison to NDR group (all p < 0.05) apart from 3 chemokines: GM-CSF, MIF, and CCL3(p = 0.086, p = 0.109, p = 0.094, respectively). The concentration of CCL21, CCL15 in PDR with TRD group was significantly higher compared with PDR with VH group, while other 36 chemokines were not significantly different between PDR with VH group and PDR with TRD group. The inflammation gradually worsen with the progression of DR. CCL3 may be associated with the onset of early diabetic retinal damage, and CCL15 and CCL21 may be closely related to the formation of fibrovascular membrane and the progression of the end stage of DR.

Risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in age-related macular degeneration with submacular hemorrhage

To investigate the risk factors for breakthrough vitreous hemorrhage (VH) after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injection in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) accompanied by submacular hemorrhage (SMH). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with AMD combined with SMH, and enrolled 31 patients. We formed an age- and sex-matched control group of patients with submacular hemorrhage who did not develop breakthrough VH after intravitreal injection during 6 month follow-up. The mean patient age was 70.8 ± 10.3 years in the breakthrough VH group. Of the 31 patients, 8 were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 22 with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), and 1 with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). PCV was associated with a significantly higher incidence of VH (odds ratio, 35.01; p = 0.001). The size of the SMH was 22.7 ± 12.4 disc areas (DAs) in the breakthrough VH group and 5.4 ± 6.9 DAs in the control group, and was thus significantly related to the development of VH (p < 0.001). The risk of VH was significantly higher in those taking anticoagulants (p = 0.014). There was no significant difference between the types of anti-VEGF agents. When taking anticoagulant medications, a SMH of large diameter, and PCV subtype were risk factors for breakthrough VH after anti-VEGF injection.

Analysis of macular epiretinal membrane formation after pars plana vitrectomy for ocular trauma

Objective To analyse the clinical features of macular epiretinal membrane(MEM) formation after pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) of patients with ocular trauma, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD), etc. Methods A retrospective analysis was taken in 1536 eyes of 1498 cases who underwent vitrectomy from Feb.2014 to Jan.2016. The MEM developed after the PPV(3.78%)in 58 eyes. The relationship between the age , the cause and the duration of the MEM was analyzed. Results There were 20 eyes in 2-20 years of age group (12.20%), 17 eyes in 21-40 years group (3.37%), 13 eyes in 41-60 years group(2.28%), 8 eyes in 61-76 years group(2.67%). There were 35 eyes in ocular trauma group(11.01%), 15 eyes in RRD group(3.33%), 2 eyes in vitreous hemorrhage group(4.35%), 6 eyes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy group(1.21%). If the ocular trauma and RRD merged into one group, and the remaining groups merged into another group, the difference between this two groups was statistically significant(χ2=10 .113, P<0.001). The average occurrence time of ocular trauma group and RRD group were (55.23±4.70) days and (62.83±3.25) days, respectively. Conclusion The MEM after PPV to occurs easily in young patients who have ocular trauma or RRD. It happened about two months time after surgery. Key words: Pars plana vitrectomy; Epiretinal membrane, macular; Ocular trauma

Serious complications of Eales disease treated by vitrectomy

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy on the serious complications of Eales disease. Methods The clinical data of 30 eyes of 27 patients (20 males and 7 females) with Eales disease who underwent vitrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The age was ranged from 15 to 54 years old, with a mean of 30.7 years. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was ranged from hand movement to 0.5. The patients were divided into the vitreous hemorrhage group (3 eyes ), proliferative vitreoretinopathy group (14 eyes), local retinal detachment group (7 eyes), and wide retinal detachment group (6 eyes) according to the results of examinations. The standard pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) were performed and scleral buckling, lensectomy, endolaser, transscleral cryotherapy/cautery, membrane removal, retinotomy, fluid-air exchange, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone, gas/oil tamponade can be combined if necessary. Those eyes underwent 1 to 8 times (with a mean of 2.4 times) of surgery. The follow-up was ranged from 6 months to 10 years. The BCVA, retinal reattachment, complications before and after surgery was comparatively analyzed. Results At the end of the follow-up, the BCVA was ranged from light perception to 1.5. The BCVA was ＞0.1 in 24 eyes (80.0%) ,0.03 in 1 eye (3.3%), counting finger in 1 eye (3.3%), hand moving in 3 eyes (10.0%) and light perception in 1 eye (3.3%). The BCVA improved in 22 eyes (73.3%), stable in 2 eyes (6.7%) and decreased in 6 eyes (20.0%). The differences are statistically significant between pre- and postoperative BCVA (t=5.132, P＜0.01). The BCVA of wide retinal detachment group was less than other 3 groups (F=4.570, P＜0.05); while the BCVA of vitreous hemorrhage group, proliferative vitreoretinopathy group and local retinal detachment group was the same (P＞0.05). Complete retinal reattachment was achieved in all eyes at the next day after PPV. At the end of the follow-up, retina reattached in 24 eyes without silicone oil tamponade, local retinal detachment occurred in 1 eye (the patient refused further surgery) and silicone oil tamponade-dependant retinal reattachment 5eyes. During the follow-up, 16 eyes (53.3 %) had developed some complications. Conclusions Vitrectomy is an effective way to cure serious complications of Eales disease. The BACV prognosis of patients with wide retinal detachment is poor. Key words: Retinal vasculitis/ complications; Retinal vasculitis/surgery; Vitrectomy

Association of LOC387715 A69S With Vitreous Hemorrhage in Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy

To investigate whether the LOC387715 polymorphism is associated with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and with vitreous hemorrhage (VH), one of the most severe clinical phenotypes, in the Japanese population. Cross-sectional case-control association study. One hundred and nine Japanese patients with PCV, composed of nine patients associated with VH (VH group) and 100 patients without VH (non-VH group), and 85 control subjects were analyzed for the LOC387715 polymorphism (rs = 10490924), using denaturing high-performance chromatography. There was a significant difference in the T allele frequency between PCV patients and control subjects (P < .0001). In comparison with wild-type homozygosity (GG), homozygosity for the at-risk allele genotype (TT) increased the likelihood for PCV 8.4-fold (3.6 to 19.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and heterozygosity for the at-risk allele genotype (TG) increased the likelihood for PCV 4.0-fold (1.9 to 8.4, 95% CI). There was a significant difference in the genotypic frequency at the LOC387715 site between the VH and non-VH groups (P = .0099, Chi-square test) with the TT genotype occurring in 88.9% in the VH group and 37.0% in the non-VH group. The frequency of the T allele in the VH group was significantly greater than that in the non-VH group (0.944 vs 0.610; P = .0039, Fisher exact test). The LOC387715 polymorphism is associated with PCV and clinical severity in the subgroups of PCV in the Japanese population.

Ｔｅｒｓｏｎ症候群をきたしたくも膜下出血２０例の臨床的検討

Generally vitreous hemorrhage (VH) is detected in 2.2% to 13% of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. VH with SAH (Terson's syndrome) is known to occur frequently in patients with severe SAH or re-ruptured aneurysms. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients diagnosed with Terson's syndrome out of a total of 881 patients treated for SAH in our department from July 1995 to October 2004. Our study group comprised 15 male and 5 female patients ranging in age from 38 to 77 years (mean 51.2 years). Each patient was classified in Hunt & Kosnik (H&K) grades on admission. One patient was classified in Grade 2, 3 patients in Grade 3, 7 patients in Grade 4 and 9 patients in Grade 5. Each patient was further classified in a Fisher group: 1 patient was in Group 2, 9 patients in Group 3, and 10 patients in Group 4. Regarding the aneurysmal location, 4 cases had ICA aneurysms, 6 had AcomA aneurysms, 4 had MCA aneurysms, 4 had VA or BA aneurysms, and 2 had ACA aneurysms. Re-rupture of aneurysm occurred in 4 cases. Two patients underwent external ventricular drainage because of acute hydrocephalus immediately after CT on admission. Seventeen aneurysms were treated by surgical neck clipping, and 3 aneurysms were treated by intra-aneurysmal coil embolization as the final treatment. Seven patients underwent external decompression because of severe brain swelling, and 6 patients underwent V-P shunt for chronic hydrocephalus. Symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 1 case. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at discharge showed that 8 patients were GR, 10 were MD, and 2 were SD. VH occurred in only 1 patient on the contralateral side to the ruptured aneurysm among those who had obvious hemilateral VH. Vitrectomy was performed for the 17 VH of 10 patients, and the duration from VH onset to treatment was 8-24 weeks (mean 16.4 weeks). Conservative therapy was done for 15 VH of 10 patients, and the follow-up duration was 12-102 weeks (mean 27.0 weeks). Comparing these 20 VH patients with 311 favorable-outcome (GR or MD) patients who were not considered to have VH, H&K grade or Fisher group scales were significantly higher in VH patients. No significant difference existed between the groups with regard to the number of ruptures or the location of the ruptured aneurysms.