Vitamin-mineral Supplementation Research Articles

Nutritional factors affecting camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk composition.

Saharan population in Algeria still depending on bovine milk, which suffers from serious constraints undermining its sustainability. Camelus dromedarius milk has experienced growing demand following the emerging market requirements for livestock production and dairy farming over the past decade. The present work aimed at analysing the effect of nutritional regime on milk quality. The differences in pH, Acidity D°, Ash and Fats were significant. The pH was negatively influenced by the intensification conditions such as the much higher use of concentrates. The major constituents of milk were strongly and positively correlated with barley, wheat bran, TN/Kg.DM (Total Nitrogen/ Kg. Dry Matter), Kg.DM, Concentrates and daily watering. The results showed that a good energy-protein balance around 73g PDI/UFL (Protein Digestible in the Intestine/Energetic Forage Unit for milk production) was beneficial for a better milk protein ratio. The use of corn, soybeans, palm dates and VM-premix (Vitamin Mineral) supplementation were also favourable to the synthesis of fats. Crude fiber and cell walls were better valued in the synthesis of fats with the availability of concentrates and the increasing of TN /Kg.DM and VM-premix rate in dietary regime. The vitamin C content elevate following high ratio of UFL /Kg.DM and PDI/UFL. For thus, the influence of nutritional status can lead to major improvements that need also more advanced and detailed studies.

Therapeutic options of post-COVID-19 related olfactory dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Olfactory dysfunction is a typical post-COVID-19 presentation, affecting patients' quality of life. There are currently multiple treatment options in this group of patients such as oral and intranasal corticosteroids, olfactory training, oral vitamin-mineral supplementation, amongst others. This meta-analysis aims to consolidate existing evidence for current therapies in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction related to COVID-19 infection and evaluate the possible role of corticosteroid add-on therapy in olfactory training. A systematic review and meta-analysis to study current treatments/interventions for olfactory dysfunction in post-COVID-19 infection were conducted. Data were pooled for the meta-analysis. The outcomes include subjective or objective olfactory assessment major and minor adverse reactions. Eleven studies (1414 participants) were included in this review, with six studies (916 participants) then assessed for the meta-analysis. Combined treatment of intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) with olfactory training (OT) has no benefit over OT monotherapy from both a VAS score improvement and identification component of Sniffin' Sticks test standpoint. In addition, there were no differences in improvement of TDI score between combined oral corticosteroid (OCS) with OT therapy compared to OT alone. Olfactory function was, however, significantly improved after OT. There were no significant differences in the improvement of olfactory scores in combination INCS+OT or OCS+OT therapies compared to OT monotherapy. However, there is improvement in olfactory function after OT.

186 Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation During Gestation does not Influence Milk Yield or Composition During Early Lactation in Grazing or Parlor-Milked Beef Heifers

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation during gestation on milk yield and composition at a single point in time, or via daily milk production during early lactation in beef heifers. Forty-one Angus-based heifers received either a basal ration (CON) or the basal diet plus vitamin mineral supplementation (VTM, 113 g•heifer-1•d-1) from breeding until parturition. For experiment 1, 29 heifers (12 CON and 17 VTM) were managed as one pasture group after parturition. Using a portable milking machine, heifers were milked at d 56 postpartum between 7 and 10.5 hours after calf removal. For experiment 2, 12 heifers (6 CON and 6 VTM) were acclimated to a free stall barn and milked twice daily for 78 d following parturition. Milk yield was recorded at each milking and samples were collected at d 32, 58, and 78 for component analysis. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. For grazing heifers, milk yield and components (P ≤ 0.91) did not differ between treatments, with mean yield of 9.95 ± 0.34 kg/d, 4.09 ± 0.11% fat and 2.82 ± 0.04% protein. Twice daily milking data (8.19 ± 0.08 kg/d mean yield with 3.43 ± 0.14 % fat and 3.17 ± 0.03 % protein) revealed that after d 7 milk yield remained similar for the rest of the evaluation period (P ≥ 0.12); however, protein was greater (P = 0.02) at d 58 (3.26 ± 0.05%) compared with d 32 (3.10 ± 0.05%) and urea was reduced (P < 0.0001) at d 78 compared with either d 32 or 58 (11.24 ± 0.55 vs. 18.84 ± 0.55 and 19.10 ± 0.55 mg/dL, respectively). Overall, the successful management of these beef heifers in a dairy facility lays the platform for future work that will establish energy requirements during early lactation for primiparous beef cows.

Protein Intake, Adherence to Vitamin–Mineral Supplementation, and Dumping Syndrome in Patients Undergoing One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is an effective bariatric procedure. However, nutritional deficiencies or dumping syndrome (DS) may occur. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to nutritional recommendations and development of DS in a 3-year OAGB patient follow-up. For 150 OAGB patients, in our center, data were collected through the electronic platform and by an individual telephone interview. The inclusion criterion is OAGB as a primary bariatric procedure, no revisional surgery, or no pregnancy. The adequacy of daily protein intake cutoff was defined as 60 g. Adherence to micronutrient supplementation protocol was considered if a minimum of 5 takes/week were reported. To evaluate the occurrence of DS, the Sigstad score questionnaire was used. For statistical analysis, a significance level less than 5% (p < 0.05) was considered. A total of 150 patients (80% females), BMI 44.3 ± 21.3 kg/m2, were subjected to the OAGB procedure. Of those, 128 fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. After 3 years, the mean %EBMIL was 78.4 ± 14.4. During the 3-year follow-up, the average protein intake was 60 g/day, and 48% reported an adequate daily protein intake. Adherence to the micronutrient supplementation protocol was reported by 70%. According to the Sigstad score questionnaire, DS was present in 24% of patients. A significant part of OAGB patients does not comply with the nutrition prescription assessed, emphasizing the need to improve team/patient communication strategies. Long-term studies are needed to characterize and assess the health impact of protein, vitamin, and mineral malnutrition in patients undergoing OAGB.

The Effects of Vitamin-Mineral Supplements on Serious Rule Violations in Correctional Facilities for Young Adult Male Inmates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

We investigated whether vitamin-mineral supplementation could reduce serious rule violations. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, young adult male inmates were included. For 15 weeks, they received a daily dose with vitamin-mineral supplements of approximately 100% Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) ( n = 149), or a higher-dose formula ( n = 150), or placebo ( n = 150). Serious rule violations were the primary outcome. In the lower-dose group there were 39% fewer rule violations than in the placebo group (relative risk = .61; 95% confidence interval [ CI]:.41–.90, p = .01). In the higher-dose group the difference did not reach statistical significance. About 100% RDA, but not higher doses supplements, resulted in less serious rule violations than placebo.

Effect of combination of vitamin-mineral supplementation and concentrate- to-roughage ratio diets on ruminal fermentation, gas kinetics and microbial biomass production using in vitro gas production technique

Effect of combination of vitamin-mineral supplementation and concentrate- to-roughage ratio diets on ruminal fermentation, gas kinetics and microbial biomass production using in vitro gas production technique

Goat production system at Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

The experiment was conducted to investigate the present status and potentialities of organic goat production in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh through field survey. The data were collected through an interview schedule personally from 45 respondents in 3 villages of Bhaluka upazila who were involved in goat production. Parameters studied were check list for organic goat production likes origin, feeds and fodder, breeding, health care, living conditions and record keeping of livestock and factors related to organic goat production. In this study, about 100% goats were indigenous in origin. Among the farmers, 96% farmers used roadside grass and tree leaves whereas, only 4% farmers used cultivated fodder which was cultivated in their own land. 85% farmers used mixed feed which prepared by themselves. However, only 11% farmers used vitamin mineral supplementation.100% farmers used natural breeding method for goat breeding. About 91, 80 and 100% farmers practiced vaccination, deworming and castration method, respectively. About 84% farmers did not use hormone, antibiotic and growth promoter and 67% farmers removed sick or injured animals from healthy stock. About 100% farmers allowed access to outdoor and fallow land throughout the year. Only 31% farmers reared male and female goat separately and 60% farmers kept livestock record. In Bangladesh goat are reared in the conventional method where different inorganic substances are used by the farmers There are great potentialities for organic goat production in Bangladesh both for satisfying animal protein requirements and production of quality goat meat. For this, it is a prime importance to find out the present status and explore the potentialities of organic goat production in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 13-20

Present Status of Organic Sheep Production in Ramgoti Upazila of Lakshmipur District

The experiment was conducted to investigate the present status and potentialities of organic sheep production in Lakshmipur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected through an interview schedule personally from 30 respondents in 3 villages of Ramgoti Upazila who were involved in sheep production. Parameter studied were origin, feeds and fodder, breeding, health care, living condition of livestock and factors related to organic sheep production. All sheep was indigenous. 60 per cent farmers used roadside grass and 40% cultivated and roadside grass. Most of the farmers used mixed feed which was bought from local market and 17% farmers used vitamin mineral supplementation. All farmers used natural breeding. About 80, 80 and 83% farmers practiced vaccination, de-worming and grooming, respectively. About 13% farmers used hormone, antibiotic and growth promoter and only 33% farmers remove sick or injured animal from healthy stock. All farmers allowed access to outdoor and pasturing during winter season and none reared male and female sheep separately. Farmers did not keep and kept their livestock record were 90 and 10%, respectively. Most of the farmers were middle aged categories (53%) and education level of farmers of primary, secondary and higher secondary were 63, 30 and 7%, respectively.J. Environ. Sci. &amp; Natural Resources, 10(2): 95-103 2017

Socio-economic status of buffalo farmers and the management practices of buffaloes in plain land of subornachar upazila in Bangladesh

The experiment was conducted to investigate the present status socio-economic and potentialities of buffalo production at Subornochar upazila of Noakhali district in Bangladesh. Data were collected from January to June 2014 through an interview schedule personally from 30 respondents in 6 villages of Subornochar upazila who were involved in buffalo production. All studied buffaloes were indigenous. All farmers used natural grass grown in plain land. About 7% farmers used mixed feed which was buying from local market and none used vitamin mineral supplementation. All farmers used natural breeding methods. About 40 and 67% farmers practiced vaccination and de-worming, respectively. About 27% farmers removed sick animals from healthy stock. Ninety five percent farmers allowed access to outdoor and pasturing and no farmers reared male and female buffalo separately. About 97% farmers did not keep livestock record and only 3% farmers kept their livestock record. Most of the farmers were middle aged categories (47%). Education level of farmers’ had no schooling (20%), primary (50%), secondary (20%), higher secondary (7%) and graduation (3%), respectively. The involvement of respondents in farming, business and government job were 80, 13 and 7%, respectively. Respondents used own capital, bank and NGO loan for buffalo production were 80, 13 and 7%, respectively. Lack of pasture land, technical knowledge, training facilities, unavailability fresh drinking water, higher cost for cowboy and parasitic infestation about buffalo production were 53, 80, 80, 30 ,50, and, 40%, respectively. There are great potentialities of buffalo production by improving socio-economic status in Bangladesh both for satisfying animal protein requirements and production of quality meat.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 158-167, 2018

EVALUATION OF BONE MINERALIZATION BY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN WILD AND CAPTIVE EUROPEAN COMMON SPADEFOOTS (PELOBATES FUSCUS), IN RELATION TO EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.

Captive rearing programs have been initiated to save the European common spadefoot (Pelobates fuscus), a toad species in the family of Pelobatidae, from extinction in The Netherlands. Evaluating whether this species needs ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and/or dietary supplementation for healthy bone development is crucial for its captive management and related conservation efforts. The bone mineralization in the femurs and the thickest part of the parietal bone of the skulls of European common spadefoots (n = 51) was measured in Hounsfield units (HUs) by computed tomography. One group, containing adults (n = 8) and juveniles (n = 13), was reared at ARTIS Amsterdam Royal Zoo without UVB exposure. During their terrestrial lifetime, these specimens received a vitamin-mineral supplement. Another group, containing adults (n = 8) and juveniles (n = 10), was reared and kept in an outdoor breeding facility in Münster, Germany, with permanent access to natural UVB light, without vitamin-mineral supplementation. The HUs in the ARTIS and Münster specimens were compared with those in wild specimens (n = 12). No significant difference was found between the HUs in the femurs of both ARTIS and Münster adults and wild adults (P = 0.537; P = 0.181). The HUs in the skulls of both captive-adult groups were significantly higher than in the skulls of wild specimens (P = 0.020; P = 0.005). The HUs in the femurs of the adult ARTIS animals were significantly higher than the HUs in the femurs of the adult Münster animals (P = 0.007). The absence of UVB radiation did not seem to have a negative effect on the bone development in the terrestrial stage. This suggests that this nocturnal, subterrestrial amphibian was able to extract sufficient vitamin D3 from its diet and did not rely heavily on photobiosynthesis through UVB exposure.

Organic beef cattle production pattern at Shahjadpur upazilla of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh

The experiment was conducted to investigate the present status of organic beef cattle production at Shahjadpur upazilla of Sirajgonj district in Bangladesh through field survey. The data were collected based on a prescribed interview schedule from 30 respondents selected from 6 villages of Shahjadpur upazila who were involved in beef cattle production. Parameters studied were origin, feeds and fodder, breeding, health care, animal welfare and other factors related to organic beef cattle production. In this study, 12% cattle were indigenous and 88% crossbred in origin. 83% farmers used cultivated fodder and 17% used cultivated and roadside grass which was cultivated in their own land. However, 37% farmers used vitamin mineral supplementation. Among the farmers, 13% farmers used natural breeding, 73% farmers used A.I. and 14% both methods for livestock breeding. 87%, 80%, and 83% farmers practiced vaccination, deworming and grooming, respectively while, 70% farmers used hormone, antibiotic and growth promoter for beef cattle production and only 33% farmers isolate sick or injured animal from healthy stock. 73% farmers allowed access to outdoor and pasturing during winter season and only 3% farmers kept their livestock record. 37% farmers purchase cattle occasionally and 53% farmer’s fattened cattle for 3 months and rest fattened for a prolonged period. In Bangladesh beef cattle are fatten in conventional method where different inorganic substances are used by the farmers. So there are great potentialities for organic beef cattle production in Bangladesh both for satisfying animal protein requirement and production of quality beef.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (1): 25-30

Vitamin-Mineral Supplement Use Patterns in Elderly Koreans: Data from the 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

BackgroundVitamin-mineral supplements are the most popular dietary supplements in Korea. However, few studies have assessed the relationship between vitamin-mineral supplementation and associated factors among the Korean elderly. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of vitamin-mineral supplements among elderly in Korea as well as its association with sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, medical conditions, and nutrient intake.MethodsThis study was based on data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted by the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare from 2008 to 2009. Data from 3,294 elderly men and women (65 years of age and older) were analyzed. Multivariable-weighted logistic regression model analysis was used to evaluate the association between vitamin-mineral supplement use and sociodemographic factors, health-related habits, and medical conditions.ResultsVitamin-mineral supplementation was reported by 16.3% of the participants. The most common reason for using dietary supplements was recommendations from friends and acquaintances. Highly educated person, female participants had a greater likelihood of taking vitamin-mineral supplements. In addition, analysis of nutrient intake from food sources alone revealed a lower proportion of vitamin-mineral supplement users with nutrient intakes below the estimated average requirements for vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron, and phosphorus, compared to nonusers. However, vitamin-mineral supplementation was not associated with health-related behaviors or medical conditions.ConclusionHighly educated person, elderly Korean women had a greater likelihood of using vitamin-mineral supplements. In addition, nutrient intakes from food sources alone were significantly higher among vitamin-mineral supplement users. Finally, vitamin-mineral supplementation may be an indicator of healthier diet in elderly Koreans.

Effect of vitamin-mineral supplemented diet and feeding strategies on reproductive performance of Labeo rohita broodstock

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of vitamin-mineral supplemented diet and feeding strategies on reproductive performance of fish (Labeo rohita). Two diets, with and without vitamin-mineral mixture supplementation, were fed to Labeo rohita yearlings for a period of 8 months (April-November) at two feeding rates i.e. 3 and 4% b.w. and two feeding frequencies i.e. once and twice day−1. The study revealed that ganado-somatic index and relative fecundity were significantly higher in diet supplemented with vitamin-mineral mixture @ 4% b.w. fed twice a day during both pre-spawning (July) and post-spawning i.e. at resorption (September). Absolute fecundity and ova diameter were equally higher in control and treatment diets supplemented @ 4% b.w. twice day−1. The study suggests that supplementation of vitamin-mineral mixtureat higher feeding rate and frequency improves reproductive potential of Labeo rohita broodstock.

The Effects of Yeast Culture Products on Fattening Performance, Rumen Papilla Morphology, Some Blood and Rumen Fluid Parameters in Saanen Male Kids

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of live yeast culture and the live yeast culture enriched with vitamin-mineral supplementation as a feed additive on fattening performance, some blood and rumen fluid parameters in male kids. Totally 18 male Saanen goat kids (average 8 weeks old) were divided into one control and two treatment groups each containing 6 kids. Rations were prepared as isonitrojenic and isocaloric. Live yeast culture (LYC) and the yeast-vitamin-mineral complex (YVM) (RumiSacc® and Intetotal® respectively, Integro food Industry and Trade Co., Istanbul, Turkey, Live yeast cell 344 x 1010 cfu/g,) were incorporated into concentrates at the level of 0% (C), 1% (YC) and 1% (YVM) on as-fed basis. During the study concentrate feed and fresh water were given ad libitum and the ration did not contain any roughages. Dietary yeast culture at the level of 1% increased final live weight (4.7% regarding control group) as numerically but not significantly. The fattening performance, rumen fluid and blood parameters were not statistically affected from the dietary treatments throughout the study. While the dorsal papillae length was not changed, ventral papillae length was decreased in the treatment groups. The length of papillae in YVM groups were similar to that of control groups.

Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients

Antioxidant intake can affect both free radical and the nutritional status of children receiving cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether children with cancer met their antioxidant requirements. A prospective observational study was performed at a single hospital in England from June 2008 to February 2010. Children with a solid tumour, lymphoma or leukaemia were included. Dietary intakes including 3 modes of feeding ('diet alone', 'diet + tube' feeding or 'diet + vitamin-mineral supplementation' (VMS)) were collected with an estimated food record (EFR) 1 and 3 month post-diagnosis. Four and 24-hr food recalls were performed to validate the food records. Forty two children were included: 57% leukaemia or lymphoma and 43% solid tumours. Sixty seven percent underwent chemotherapy and 33% a combination of therapies. In months 1 and 3, greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for 'diet + VMS' (p < 0.05) than for other feeding modes. However, considerable proportions of all feeding groups did not achieve 100% of the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for vitamin A, C, E, selenium and zinc. This was most marked in the 'diet alone' group. Significant proportions did not achieve the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI) for some antioxidants. The 'diet alone' group had the highest proportion not meeting LRNI for vitamin A (p << 0.001; 1st month) and zinc (p < 0.02; 3rd month). Inadequate antioxidant intake was observed in a significant proportion of cancer patients when feeding was not augmented in any way. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.

PENGARUH SUPLEMANTASI VITAMIN C DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN MULTI VITAMIN-MINERAL TERHADAP STATUS ZAT GIZI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA WANITA PEKERJA

EFFECT OF THE VITAMIN C SUPLEMENTATION TOWARD MULTI VITAMIN-MINERAL ON THE STATUS OF NUTRITIONAL ANTIOXIDANT IN WOMAN WORKERS Micronutrients, both vitamins and minerals are needed by the body in limited quantities, but their role is essential to the body. To fulfill vitamin and mineral requirements, consumption of variant and balanced diet is needed because most vitamins and minerals are not produced by our body. Food supplements can be a good alternative in providing sufficient amount of micronutrient if intake from dietary sources are not enough. This research was intended to analyse the effect of multi vitaminmineral (MVM) supplementationcompared to a single nutrient supplementation (Vit C 1000 mg) on dietary antioxidant status. It was conducted on Februari 2008and thedesign of this research was a double blind randomized controlled trial. There were 92 samples aged 20-45 years old, healthy (physically and clinically), did not consume alcohol, did not smoke and were willing to partipate in the research. Multi vitamin-mineral supplementation increased serum concentration of vitamin E and superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly(p<0.05), while single supplementation of vitamin C 1000 mg improved only vitamin C status. Suplementation of multi vitamin-mineral reduced free radicals by improving superoxide dismutase (SOD) status. Keywords: multi vitamin-mineral supplementation, superdioxide dismutase status, vitamin E status, viin C status.

Czy zwyczajowy sposób żywienia pacjentów z depresją wymaga suplementacji witaminami i składnikami mineralnymi?

Research on diet and nutrition of patients with depression show that their eating habits are frequently irrational and result in the inconsistent supply of nutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, the deficiency of which leads to nervous system dysfunction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of selected vitamins and minerals in daily food rations of patients suffering from recurrent depressive disorders. The study involved a group of 69 people (54 women and 15 men, aged 18-65 years, mean age of women 45.7 +/- 12.2 years, men 46.0 +/- 12.2 years), treated for recurrent depressive disorders. A questionnaire designed in the Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok was used to collect dietary data. The quantitative assessment of eating habits used a 24-hour diet recall including 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day. The study showed that the supply of most nutrients assessed was inconsistent with recommendations. The results indicate that the need for vitamin-mineral supplementation should be considered individually. Nutritional education related to the proper choice of groups of food products is indicated at the time of clinical improvement to ensure the optimum supply of vitamins and minerals.

Effects of Treatment for Anestrus in Water Buffaloes with PGF&lt;sub&gt;2α&lt;/sub&gt; and GnRH in Comparison with Vitamin-Mineral Supplement, and Some Factors Influencing Treatment Effects

ABSTRACTThe effect of treatment for anestrus in buffaloes with a PGF2α or GnRH injection and vitamin-mineral (Vit-M) supplementation for 1 to 2 months and some factors influencing the treatment effect were studied. In anestrus buffaloes with CL, an injection of PGF2α tended to show higher estrus detection and pregnancy rates within 17 days after treatment than Vit-M supplementation (P<0.10). In those with inactive ovaries, effect of GnRH and Vit-M did not differ. Body condition score of the animals before treatment affected pregnancy rate within 17 days after treatment (P<0.05). Pregnancy rate within 4 months after treatment was adversely influenced by low serum concentrations of calcium (P<0.01) and gastrointestinal parasitic infection before treatment (P<0.05).

Use of vitamin and mineral supplements in long-term care home residents

Vitamin-mineral supplementation may offer older adults health and cognition-related benefits but overuse may contribute to polypharmacy. We examined the prevalence of supplement usage in long-term care facility (LTC) residents (≥ 65 years of age). As cognition may be affected by nutrition, we also examined use in those with diagnosis of dementia and those with no dementia diagnosis. The prevalence of supplement usage and overall "pill count" from pharmaceutical use was assessed in 189 LTC residents and a subsample of 56 older adults with dementia diagnosis, respectively. Participants were residing in an LTC facility of a mid-size metropolitan area during 2009. The average use of supplements was 1.0 per day for all residents, with 35% taking vitamin D supplements, 20% multivitamins, and 26% calcium. Supplement use was similar (p ≥ 0.05) for those with dementia diagnosis (53%, average 2.0 per day) and for those without such diagnosis (45%, average 2.2 per day). Usage ranged between 1-6 supplements per day. In both of these groups, ∼73% of users were taking vitamin D. The number of prescribed medications ranged from 4 to 24 (average 10.2) in a subsample of residents whose supplement intake was 0 to 6 (average 2). These findings suggest an overall low rate of supplement use, with no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in use between residents with and without dementia diagnosis. However, some residents were at risk for supplement overuse.

Abstract A114: Dietary magnesium and calcium intake and risk of prostate cancer in Caucasian and African American men

Abstract Dietary magnesium intake is significantly less in African Americans than Caucasians. Deficiency of magnesium influences immune-inflammatory response and induces oxidative stress that leads to increased cell proliferation and DNA damage. Low magnesium level also increases the physiologic effects of calcium. Therefore, we hypothesize that low dietary intake of magnesium and high calcium intake will increase the risk of developing prostate cancer among African American men. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot case-control study to determine whether deficiency of dietary magnesium and a high calcium intake are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. This study included 209 cases with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate (110 African American and 99 Caucasian men). 199 population-based controls were frequency matched by age (±5 years) and race. Risk factor questionnaire and nutrition data were collected via telephone interview. Dietary Assessment was performed using Modified Block-NCI Food Frequency Questionnaire with 129 food items, questions about restaurant intake and vitamin mineral supplementation. Dietary intake was calculated using DIETSYS + Plus version 5.9 dietary analysis program. Nutrition data for 166 cases and 155 controls were available for this analysis. Mean magnesium and calcium intake did not vary significantly between cases and controls. The odds ratios for magnesium was 0.79 (95% CI 0.39–1.61) and for calcium 1.35 (95% CI 0.87–2.09). However, among African Americans, the odds ratio for magnesium was 0.28 (95% CI 0.08–1.05) and for calcium 1.9 (95% CI 1.05–3.40). These preliminary data suggest that high dietary magnesium intake is inversely associated with prostate cancer, while higher calcium intake is associated with increased risk among African American men. These data may have significant public health implications since the identification of African American men deficient of magnesium can be targeted for preventive interventions. Results of this study needs to be confirmed in future studies with larger sample size. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A114.