Vitamin Drinks Research Articles

Fast and simple analysis of the content of Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in selected beverages widely consumed by athletes by flowing liquid cathode atmospheric pressure glow discharge optical emission spectrometry.

An atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) system, generated between a flowing liquid cathode (FLC) and a gas (He) jet anode, was applied for the determination of Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in selected beverages commonly chosen by athletes (namely Coca-Cola Zero, energy and vitamin drinks, pre-workout, branched-chain amino acids, almond drink, and whey protein) by optical emission spectrometry (OES). In some cases (i.e., Coca-Cola, energy drink, and almond drink), sugared and sugar-free versions of the beverages were analyzed with the purpose of establishing the impact of added sugar on the analyte signal intensities. The analysis was performed after a simplified sample preparation procedure, which involved only their dilution and acidification with HNO3 to a concentration of 0.2 mol L-1. To determine the most suitable conditions for performing the analysis, optimization of the crucial operating parameters and sample dilution was carried out. Under the compromise conditions, the instrumental detection limits (DLs) were established and found to be 21, 0.91, 20, 0.062, and 0.14 μg L-1 for Zn, Mg, Ca, Na, and K, respectively. Due to the relatively low detection limits, the analyte content could be determined for a fairly high dilution, being concurrently the same for all analytes, which further simplified the whole procedure. It was found that the vast majority of samples could be determined using external calibration with simple standard solutions. The standard addition technique used for calibration was only required for the determination of Mg in three samples. The analysis results were consistent (in the majority of cases the recovery values were in the range of 88-111%) with the values obtained for the reference method (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES), which proved the reliability of the results obtained from the developed FLC-APGD-OES system.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЖИДКОЙ ВИТАМИННОЙ ДОБАВКИ НА ПРИРОСТ ЖИВОЙ МАССЫ И ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОЛИКОВ

The article presents the results of research aimed at studying the effect of the Nitamin liquid vitamin supplement on changes in live weight and the main hematological parameters of young rabbits. The studies were carried out at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education MGAVMiB – MVA named after K.I. Scriabin in the period 2021–2022. The objects of the study were young rabbits bred by crossing two meat breeds, the Soviet chinchilla and the New Zealand white. The drug «Nitamin» is a liquid vitamin drink supplement aimed at replenishing the deficiency of vitamins A, D3 , E and C in the body of animals. «Nitamin» experimental animals received with water for drinking four days from the age of 60 days and from the age of 74 days at the rate of 1 ml/1 liter of water. The results of the studies indicate that the rabbits who received the drug "Nitamin" with water for drinking, gained live weight more intensively, the weight of the experimental rabbits at the end of the experiment was 3.77 ± 0.26 kg, which is 12.87% more than in control group. The main hematological parameters of young rabbits after the use of the medicinal drinking supplement "Nitamin" were within the physiological norm without pronounced deviations. The amount of hemoglobin in the blood of rabbits of the experimental group at the end of the experiment significantly increased by 28.74% and amounted to 136.14±4.26 g/l. The content of total protein in the blood serum of rabbits of the experimental group significantly increased by 4.81% and amounted to 59.23±3.13 g/l. The obtained research results indicate that the drug "Nitamin" can be used as a safe supplement for the main diet of rabbits in order to increase live weight without exposing their body to any dangerous and harmful effects.

Содержание изофлавоноидов в сое и пищевых продуктах с ее использованием

Soy is exceptionally rich in isoflavonoids, which are linked to various health benefits. The aim of the research was to determine the content of isoflavonoids in soy and some soy-containing foods. 
 The research featured the Sentyabrinka soy variety developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Soy, as well as such novel soy-containing foods as soy-and-pumpkin drinks and desserts, e.g. soy-and-pumpkin okara crackers. The content of isoflavonoids was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using a Millichrom F-02 chromatograph. 
 The total content of isoflavonoids was 221.10 mg/100 g in the soy beans, 44.50 mg/100 g – in the soy-and-pumpkin dessert, 36.15 mg/100 g – in the soy-and-pumpkin jelly, 30.80 mg/100 g – in the cracker with soy-and-pumpkin okara, 21.19 mg/100 g – in the protein drink, 12.72 mg/100 g – in the vitamin drink. The samples were tested for such isoflavonoids as genistein, diadzein (major), and glycetein (minor), which took the form of aglycones, glycosides (genistin, diadzin, and glycitein), and malonyl derivatives of glycosides. The highest content of malonyl diadzin and malonyl genistin was registered both in the soy beans and the soy-containing foods: from 42.56 in the crackers to 67.50% in the soy beans. 
 The content of isoflavonoids in the soy-containing food products depended on the formulation and production technology, namely, on the amount of soy. A daily intake of 200 g of soy-and-pumpkin drink or 100 g of soy-containing dessert could provide the daily intake of isoflavonoids, which makes these products beneficial for human health.

Color Stability of Orthodontic Ceramic Brackets and Adhesives in Potentially Staining Beverages-In Vitro Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of esthetic ceramic brackets and adhesive samples after immersion in most commonly consumed beverages. A hundred ceramic brackets from five different manufacturers (Forestadent®, G&H®, GC, DynaFlex®, and American Orthodontics) and 120 samples of adhesives (3M™Transbond™ XT and American Orthodontics BracePaste® color change adhesive and BracePaste® adhesive) were immersed into four different solutions: coffee, Coca-Cola®, the vitamin drink Cedevita®, and artificial saliva (control group). The samples were kept in an incubator at 37 °C. Color readings were evaluated before (T0), at 24 h (T1), 72 h (T3), 7 days (T4), and 14 days (T5) after initial immersion using a spectrophotometer according to the L*a*b* color scale. All the examined brackets showed a statistically significant difference in discoloration (p = 0.001). 20/40™ Brackets (American Orthodontics) showed the best color stability, while the greatest color modification was recognized in QuicKlear® III (Forestadent®) brackets. Regarding adhesives, the greatest staining was observed in the BracePaste® color change adhesive and the least in the Transbond™ XT samples. In conclusion, color change occurs in all solutions, including control groups, and coffee has the greatest impact on color stability.

Women’s Image as Presented in Vitamin Drink’s Commercials: Semiotics Analysis on YOU C-1000 and Hemaviton C1000

Several studies have identified women's image in beverage advertisements, but there has been not much research into the women’s image presented in vitamin drink commercials along with their slogans. This study focuses on an analysis of verbal and non-verbal signs of 2 vitamin drink commercials, namely YOU C1000 and Hemaviton C1000, from YouTube. Qualitative content analysis based on Peirce’s (1940) semiotics theory was used to analyse the verbal and non-verbal signs presented in the commercials, while the image of women proposed by Hung & Li (2006) was used to identify women’s image in the commercials. The findings suggest that in general, the commercials have tried to break the common traditional stereotypes of women’s image, even though some parts were still a bit stereotypical. The most common women’s image shown in the video is ‘a strong woman’. Moreover, the slogans of YOU C1000 and Hemaviton C1000 are trying to show that women can also do outdoor activities. The finding indicates that there is an attempt to change the way of presenting women in today’s advertisements.

The effect of food groups and nutrients on thyroid hormone levels in healthy individuals

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the association of dietary groups (groups of food items) with thyroid hormone levels in healthy individuals. MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 4585 healthy individuals from the Dalmatian region of south Croatia with measurements of plasma free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Dietary intake was assessed according to data of the completed food frequency questionnaire, containing 58 food items. Principal component analysis was performed to reduce food items into dietary groups, followed by linear regression analyses to test the association between dietary groups and fT3, fT4, and TSH levels. ResultsAmong the 4585 healthy individuals, we observed lower plasma fT3 and fT4 levels and higher TSH levels in women than in men. Smokers were found to have significantly lower TSH levels than non-smokers and ex-smokers, and participants with higher fasting glucose levels had higher fT4 levels. Different dietary groups (factors) showed association with fT3, fT4, and TSH levels. It was observed that dietary factors (with frequent consumption of fruit juices, Cedevita vitamin drink, and non-alcoholic drinks) that negatively affected TSH levels simultaneously had a positive effect on fT4, satisfying the expected pattern of effects. ConclusionsIn our study, frequent consumption of foods with a high glycemic index showed a positive association with fT3 and fT4 levels and a negative association with TSH levels, whereas foods rich in saturated fatty acids and with a high protein concentration showed a negative association with fT3 and fT4 levels.

이중 캡이 적용된 비타민 음료저장 병뚜껑 디자인 제안 -선행설계와 프로토타이핑 과정을 중심으로-

비타민의 유효성분은 햇빛에 노출되거나 산소와 만나면 쉽게 파괴되거나 산화된다. 국내·외에서 모두 비타민 음료의 영양성분이 생산, 유통과정에서 파괴될 것을 우려하여 라벨표시보다 과도하게 영양성분을 첨가하는 사례가 발견되었는데, 이러한 현상은 비타민 과잉섭취로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 1) 저장부를 갖는 음료 뚜껑을 디자인하여 비타민을 햇빛으로부터 보호하고, 2) 수분에 의한 비타민 산화를 방지하며, 3) 제품별 비타민 함량의 일관성과 성분표시의 정확성을 확보하는 것을 목표로 한다. 디자인에 앞서, 본 연구와 비슷한 목적을 가진 비타민 뚜껑이 적용되어있는 제품들과 특허로 등록되어있는 디자인들을 조사해 본 후 같은 구조끼리 묶어 비교 분석하였다. 이후 기존 사례들의 Pain Point 발굴을 바탕으로 다음 세 가지가 반영된 병뚜껑을 디자인하였다. 1) 병 입구에 추가 구조가 없는 뚜껑 자체만의 구조설계, 2) 비타민 제형에 상관없이 내용물 투입이 가능한 구조, 3) 직관적인 디자인을 통해 사용자의 자연스러운 행동을 유도. 디자인 구조는 이중 구조로, 상부와 하부로 나뉜다. 상부에는 반원 형태의 비타민 저장공간이 존재하고, 하부에는 비타민이 아래로 떨어질 수 있도록 반원 형태의 빈 공간이 존재한다. 내용물이 뚜껑 개봉과 동시에 투하되는 구조를 위해 상부가 먼저 단독으로 180° 회전한 후, 상부와 하부가 함께 회전할 수 있도록 하였다. 이후 3D 프린팅을 통해 프로 토타입을 제작하였고 고체, 분말, 액체의 모든 제형에 적용 가능한지 테스트해 보는 내용으로 연구를 진행하였다.

A rapid and simple gas chromatographic method for direct determination of nicotinamide in commercial vitamins and tonic drinks

A simple and rapid method was developed to determine the presence of nicotinamide in tonic drinks using the megapore semi-polar column (CP-Sil 8 CB, 30 m x 0.53 mm) with direct injection gas chromatography. Direct quantitative analysis of nicotinamide in amino acid drinks, vitamin drinks, essence of chicken and tonic drinks was carried out without any sample pretreatment procedure. Water soluble compound 1,9-nonanediol was used as an internal standard. The detection limit for nicotinamide was 2-5 μg/mL. Recovery studies were performed using 1 mL of vitamin drink and tonic drink, each spiked with nicotinamide at 105.5, and 211.0 μg, respectively. The recoveries were found in the range of 94-99% and 93-108%, respectively. The coefficients of variation being less than 9.8%. Forty-two commercial amino acid drinks, vitamin drinks, essences of chicken and tonic drinks were analyzed with this method. The nicotinamide contents were found as: 131-246, 24-112, 0-134 and 0-263 μg/mL, respectively. These results indicated that, one bottle each of the amino acid drink, vitamin drink, essences of chicken and tonic drink contain nicotinamide levels of: 39-74, 5-22, 0-10 and 0-21 mg/bottle. The results also showed that in 12 out of 4 of commercial amino acid and vitamin drinks, the nicotinamide exceeded the ROC's acceptable daily intake (RNDA, 14.4 mg) level; and 3 out of 10 commercial tonic drinks exceeded the ROC's RNDA level for nicotinamide.

Evaluation of the Potential of Commercial Vitamin Drinks to Induce Tooth Erosion

Evaluation of the Potential of Commercial Vitamin Drinks to Induce Tooth Erosion

Analysis and reduction of benzene in various beverages such as vitamin drinks and cranberry juice

In the current study, an HS-GC/MS method for benzene analysis in various beverages was validated. The linearity coefficient (R2), limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.9987, 0.27 ng/mL and 0.81 ng/mL, respectively. Average benzene content in the four drinks detected among 24 commercial vitamin beverages was 1.17 ng/mL. The benzene concentration was proportional to the levels of sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid, only when sterilised at 100 °C. Benzene was formed at up to 22.99 ng/mL as the concentration of ascorbic acid was increased to 0.5%, but gradually decreased when more ascorbic acid was added. Antioxidants and sugars were added to reduce benzene in cranberry juice. The antioxidant with the highest benzene reduction rate was catechin. When 1.0% of catechin was added, 57.16% of benzene was decreased. In sugar group, glucose showed the highest benzene reduction rate. For investigating a synergic effect of catechin and glucose on the formation of benzene cranberry juice was kept under various temperature. The higher the storage temperature, the lager the difference in the amount of benzene produced between groups of cranberry juice models.

The preparation of high-index facet Au/Cu NRs and their application for colorimetric determination ascorbic acid

Creating high-index facet gold nanorods (Au NRs) is important for catalytic application. The high-index facet exhibits tremendously catalytic activity comparing with low-index facet. Herein, Cu2+ ions were chosen to induce Au NRs to form high-index {200} facet. Firstly, Au/Cu NRs with high-index facets induce high-density charge distribution at local position, which led to the surface enhanced Raman scattering enhancement. Furthermore, the active electrons transfer from Au/Cu NRs to H2O2 make them show peroxidase-like properties. The catalytic activity of Au/Cu NRs was confirmed by the oxidation of colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue oxidized TMB (oxTMB) by H2O2. According to Michaelis-Menten equation, the catalytic activity of Au/Cu was higher than Au NRs by 4.5 times. Meanwhile, the oxTMB molecules may be deoxidized to TMB molecules by the antioxidant of ascorbic acids. On the basis of this phenomenon, the colorimetric determination of ascorbic acid in real samples (vitamin drink) was developed with a detection limit of 25 μM.

REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF SCHOOL CHILDREN NUTRITION IN THE VORONEZH REGION

High-quality nourishment of school children is an important factor of ensuring health and wellbeing of nation. The article gives information about providing hot meals to school children of comprehensive secondary institutions in the Voronezh region, which is one of the biggest entities of the Russian Federation. The region has its own specific features, typical illnesses included. For instance, school children in the region have a higher rate of illnesses of the digestion system, metabolism disorders, including overweight, some school children are registered in the TB prophylactic centers. The regional administration pays serious attention to organization of catering in education institutions. It was shown that provision of hot meals to school children in the region makes 92.7% on the average, while in 10 out of 31 municipal districts this figure reaches 100%. The governor’s program is functioning in the region, according to which school children from the 1 to the 10 form are provided with milk. The diet of school children includes iodized salt, bakery enriched with iodine-casein, vitamin drinks. However, school children have no opportunity to get complex prophylactic and medical nutrition, which corresponds to regional peculiarities on illnesses. In general, organization of school children catering is done in accordance with the current legislative regulations on the basis of state policy of the Russian Federation and its entities.

Artificially Sweetened Vitamin Drink Consumption Reduces Insulin Sensitivity and Alters One‐Carbon, B‐Vitamin Dependent Metabolism in Adolescents

ImportanceDiscretionary fortified beverages contain several ingredients such as vitamins and minerals in excess amounts, yet their consumption and sales have been burgeoning. Marketed as providing a unique health benefits to consumers, concerns have been raised about the overconsumption of some nutrients, especially in children and adolescents.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of discretionary fortified beverage consumption on energy metabolism, gut hormones and metabolic profiles of adolescents.DesignA double blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover trial examined the metabolic effects of a concentrated, small format B‐vitamin fortified beverage. Healthy adolescents (10 males, 10 females, 13–19y) completed two trials separated by at least 1 week, consuming either water as placebo (PL) or an artificially sweetened discretionary fortified beverage (FB, 1.5ml/kg), which were given 40min prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).MethodBlood samples were collected at baseline and at different time‐points throughout the OGTT for insulin, gut hormones and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy‐based metabolomics analyses. To evaluate gene‐metabolic interactions, a group of the most common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to B‐vitamin metabolism was also assessed.ResultsPlasma glucose was not different between the treatment groups (p=0.111). However, plasma insulin was significantly higher in the FB group (p=0.003) and accompanied by a 28% decrease in insulin sensitivity in FB compared to PL as indicated by the composite Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI). Gut hormone secretion was also differentially modulated by the consumption of FB. We found a significant increase in AUC of GLP‐1 (p<0.001), glucagon (p=0.015), PYY (p=0.001) and C‐peptide (p=0.017) in FB compared to the PL group. Employing 1H‐NMR metabolomics, we also show perturbations to one carbon, B‐vitamin linked sulfur amino acid metabolism with FB consumption. This metabolic response was dependent on genotypic variance at rs651852 (Betaine Homocysteine methyltransferase, BHMT, p<0.05).ConclusionCurrent data provide evidence that FB are not inert, but may promote insulin resistance, perturb one carbon, B‐vitamin‐linked metabolism and differentially modulate gut hormone secretion in adolescent consumers. Results may warrant reconsideration of regular, artificially sweetened FB consumption for adolescents at risk for obesity and metabolic disease.Support or Funding InformationThe research was funded by the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and the National Science and Engineering Council of Canada (JS). SM is funded through an Eyes High Postdoctoral Fellowship and an Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Postdoctoral Fellowship.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

A sensitive chemiluminescent immunoassay to detect Chromotrope FB (Chr FB) in foods

Chromotrope FB (Chr FB) is a synthetic azo dye permitted for use in foods and medicines. An acceptable daily intake (ADI) of Chr FB was 0–0.5mg/kg in China. In this study, we synthesized a Chr FB hapten with an amino group to prepare its artificial immunogen. Polyclonal antibodies obtained from New Zealand rabbits were applied to develop an indirect competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay (icCLIA) to detect Chr FB in foods. A horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-luminol-H2O2 system was used to yield CL signal with p-iodophenol as an enhancement reagent. The method showed good specificity towards Chr FB and could detect as low as 0.02ngmL−1 Chr FB in buffer, 0.07ngg−1 in yoghurt candy, 0.07ngg−1 in vitamin drink and 0.13ngg−1 in bread. Compared with HPLC method, the proposed method is more sensitive by two orders of magnitude. The accuracy and precision of this method are acceptable and comparable with HPLC method. Therefore, the proposed method could be used for rapid screening of Chr FB in the mentioned foodstuffs.

Highly Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Ascorbic Acid with a Broad Detection Range through Dual-Quenching and Bimodal Action of Nitronyl-Nitroxide

A novel nitronyl-nitroxide derivative for highly sensitive and selective detection of ascorbic acid (AA) is reported. The probe showed 260-fold fluorescence turn-on and diminished electron spin resonance (ESR) signal upon AA addition. The probe could detect AA over a broad concentration range from 1 μM to 2 mM and excellent selectivity over various antioxidants and acids through a combination of fluorescence and ESR responses, which originated from the dual-reactiveness of dual-quenching group nitronyl-nitroxide. We successfully demonstrated practical application potential of the probe by preparing nanoparticles and sensor papers and determining AA concentration in real samples including vitamin drinks and orange juices.

If it looks like a duck and quacks like a duck…: Energy "shots" should be regulated as energy drinks in Canada.

In 2012, Health Canada transitioned caffeinated energy drinks from Natural Health Product to Food and Drug classification and regulations, implementing temporary guidelines with requirements such as caffeine content limits, mandatory cautionary labelling, and restrictions on health claims. "Energy shots" often contain as much or more caffeine compared to energy drinks and have been associated with a similar number of adverse health events. However, current requirements for energy drinks do not apply to energy shots, which remain classified as "natural health products" on the basis that they are "not consumed or perceived as foods" in the same way as energy drinks. An online survey was conducted with Canadian youth and young adults aged 12-24 years (N = 2040) in October 2014 to examine perceptions of energy shots. Respondents viewed an image of a popular energy shot and were asked which term best described it, with six randomly-ordered options. The vast majority (78.8%) perceived the energy shot as an "energy drink" (vs. "supplement", "vitamin drink", "natural health product", "soft drink" or "food product"). Given consumer perceptions and the similarity in product constituents, there is little basis for regulating energy shots differently from energy drinks; these products should be subject to similar labelling and health warning requirements.

GC 및 GC/MS를 이용한 벌꿀 및 시판 음료 중의 Fructose, Glucose 및 Sucrose의 동시분석

This study was performed to establish method of simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in honey and commercial vitamin drinks by GC and GC/MS. Optimum chromatographic separation of trimethylsilyl-oxime (TMSO) derivatives by GC was achieved on a DB-5 column. Calibration curves for fructose, glucose and sucrose TMSO derivatives by GC were linear in the range of 50-5000 ㎍/mL, and their r² values were 0.9999, The limit of detection and limit of quantification of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.68, 0.47, and 0.53 ㎍/mL, respectively, and 2.27, 1.58, and 1.77 ㎍/mL, respectively. Average recoveries of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 100.5, 101.0, and 99.7%, respectively. When the method was applied to 12 honey samples, the average concentrations of fructose, glucose and sucrose were 42.58±1.97%, 27.74±1.16%, and 0.79±0.52%, respectively. The F/G ratio was 1.53±0.07. For fructose and glucose contents, results from the GC analysis were similar to those from the HPLC analysis, but the sucrose content was different for each analysis method. We suggest that the GC method is more suitable than other official analytical methods for simultaneous determination of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in honey.

Influence of the species effect on trueness of analytical results estimated by the recovery test when determining selenium by HG-AFS

The recovery test in the "surrogate" mode is often exploited for trueness assessment when appropriate certified reference materials are not available or to support reference material studies. The species effect occurs when chemical forms of native and surrogate analytes are different. It usually results in obtaining incomparable analytical signals for both forms. Influence of the species effect on the results obtained by "surrogate" recovery test was examined. The examination was performed theoretically on the basis of a extended mathematical model and the results predicted by the model were checked experimentally. Experiments were carried out with the use of synthetic samples containing selenite ions and l-selenomethionine acting as inorganic and organic form of selenium, respectively. Moreover, real samples of thermal spring water and vitamin drink were analysed with the use of flow injection system. The system was dedicated to perform not only spiking but also UV digestion of the synthetic and real samples in order to study the species effect. The system was coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometer (HG-AFS) enabling to determine total amount of selenium.

Indirect Competitive Immunoassay for Detection of Vitamin B2 in Foods and Pharmaceuticals

An indirect immunoassay for the determination of vitamin B2 in food samples and vitamin tablets was developed. A carbodiimide-modified active ester method was used to synthesize the immunogen for vitamin B2. The coupling ratio of vitamin B2 to carrier protein in immunogen was 19.98:1. The titer of the polyclonal antibody was 1:64000, and the antibody showed high specificity in the presence of vitamin B2 photolytic products and other B group vitamins. The immunoassay showed detection limits (LODs) of 1.07 ng/mL in PBS, 24.6 ng/g in vitamin drink, and 0.50 mg/kg in milk powder. Recovery was 99.58-110.91% in milk powder and 70.20-100.5% in vitamin drink. Vitamin B2 samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the immunoassay, and results showed good agreement. Finally, this method was applied to detect vitamin B2 in commercial milk powder and vitamin tablets, and the detected amount correlated well with the labeled amount.

Simultaneous Determination of B Group Vitamins in Supplemented Food Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection

A simple HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated to determine B group vitamin content (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine and folic acid) in supplemented food samples, i.e., infant formula, cereal, low-calorie food, a multi-vitamin pill and a vitamin drink. In this study, the most significant advantages were simultaneous determination of the six B group vitamins in various food matrices and a small number of sample treatment steps that required only an organic solvent, acetonitrile. Moreover, this method prevents reduction of column durability, because the mobile phase does not contain ion-pairing reagents. Analytes were separated on a Develosil RPAQUEOUS (4.6 mm 250 mm, 5 particle size) column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at a flow rate between 0.8 and 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 275 nm, except for that of pantothenic acid (205 nm). The calibration curves for all six vitamins showed good linearity with correlation coefficients () higher than 0.995. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and stability. The method showed good precision and accuracy, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation less than 15% at all concentrations. The recovery was carried out according to the standard addition procedure, with yields ranging from 89.8 to 104.4%. This method was successfully applied to the determination of vitamin B groups in supplemented food products.