Visualization Process Research Articles

A Bounded Measure for Estimating the Benefit of Visualization (Part I): Theoretical Discourse and Conceptual Evaluation.

Information theory can be used to analyze the cost–benefit of visualization processes. However, the current measure of benefit contains an unbounded term that is neither easy to estimate nor intuitive to interpret. In this work, we propose to revise the existing cost–benefit measure by replacing the unbounded term with a bounded one. We examine a number of bounded measures that include the Jenson–Shannon divergence, its square root, and a new divergence measure formulated as part of this work. We describe the rationale for proposing a new divergence measure. In the first part of this paper, we focus on the conceptual analysis of the mathematical properties of these candidate measures. We use visualization to support the multi-criteria comparison, narrowing the search down to several options with better mathematical properties. The theoretical discourse and conceptual evaluation in this part provides the basis for further data-driven evaluation based on synthetic and experimental case studies that are reported in the second part of this paper.

Research on electronic decision system for effective data visualization and analysis process

Today, more leaders, managers, and directors can decide, even though they cannot decide for every situation. When decisions are scattered and unstructured, decisions become complicated and so that a single decision-maker based on expertise alone cannot address them adequately. This research proposes the Electronic Decision System (EDS) for effective data visualization and analysis process. EDS helps to decide during a complicated situation using Big Data Analytics-based Artificial Neural Network Framework (BDA-ANNF). The BDA-ANNF collects and analyses the data provided, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is used to predict and take accurate decisions in every complicated situation. These systems allow decision-makers to understand the market, direct and indirect climate, analyze the numerous trade-offs in the sector, evaluate costs linked to the various choices for decision-making, and eventually help people improve their decision-making outcome. EDS's approaches and techniques share one key challenge that must successfully provide consumers and policymakers with an appropriate and understandable simulation solution. The finding indicates that the BDA-ANNF decides the complicated situation up to the accuracy rate of 95.23%, which is not attainable by existing methods, and the error rate is 4.77%.

Dynamics and mechanism of the physical developer process for visualization of latent fingerprints on paper

We present a detailed mechanistic study of the PD process, focused on the nucleation and growth dynamics of silver particles on fingermarks deposited on a paper surface, from macroscopic (whole fingermark) and microscopic (particle level) perspectives. Conceptually, we separate the outcomes into aspects that precede exposure of the exhibit (relating to the reagent formulation), that relate to the development of the fingermark during immersion in the PD formulation, and that characterise the fully developed mark subsequent to immersion. Initially, dynamic light scattering shows the silver particles in solution to be relatively monodisperse, with a peak particle size of 880 nm. In the second instance, the issue is whether the particles grow to final size in solution then deposit on the surface or deposit as relatively small particles then grow on the surface. To the naked eye, silver deposition is evident after 2 min; corresponding optical profilometry images show evidence of surface-bound particles (mean diameter 2.13 µm) after 30 s. Across the development time (15 min) the particle population density (2.36 ( ± 0.52) x 105 cm−2), is independent of time. During this time, the mean particle diameter increases with the square root of development time to 16.09 µm. The dynamics suggest essentially instantaneous (shorter than observation time) nucleation and diffusionally controlled growth. Surface analysis (EDS) shows the expected high (low) levels of silver on ridge detail (in furrows) but no evidence of iron (from the redox component of the formulation) entrapment at any point on the surface.

The Sustainable Digitalization in the Manufacturing Industry: A Bibliometric Analysis and Research Trend

Digital technologies are shown to perform a vital role in developing a resource-efficient industrial base. The effective adoption of digital technologies can help reduce costs and improve the sustainability and flexibility of manufacturing industries. However, how digital technologies favor the transition towards manufacturing systems has not been analyzed in detail yet, so more conceptual and empirical investigation is required in this field. This study investigates the digital transformation trend in the manufacturing industry by combining the bibliometric method with life cycle mode and literature mining. An integrated data analysis system (IDAS) is developed, which includes data collection, data analysis, and visualization processes. As a result, dual-map overlay, keywords clusters, Timeline, and Time zone views are visualized to identify the research trend with the three main aspects: design, larger integrated circuit, and sustainable manufacturing concept evolution. Besides, to recognize potentials for future development of the domain, life cycle model-based technological trajectory is identified, constructing an information society, the combination of tools, and the performance improvement of the whole digital transformation. Moreover, in response to sustainable development, a system considering business strategies and cultural delivery, technological integration, and partner participation and evaluation is developed, which could cope with complex manufacturing processes due to different industrial tasks in different regions.

Spatiotemporal processing in photoplethysmography for skin microcirculatory perfusion imaging.

Technological advances in the real-time visualization of cutaneous microcirculation aim to realize benefits including high-resolution imaging, suppressed noise, and robust temporal coherence. Photoplethysmography (PPG), a noninvasive technique that measures single or multiple points of relative blood volume changes in blood vessels under the skin, shows potential as a signal candidate for visualizing blood vessels and tracking blood flow. However, challenges still remain, such as extracting/image reconstruction of the blood vessel/flow signal in a precise frequency window (<0.2 Hz) from a noisy image that is caused by the loss of spatial coherence of the light source in a turbid biological tissue. We attempted to overcome this challenge by adopting a combination of direct-contact-type, lens-less, conformable imagers and singular value decomposition (SVD) in this study. We focused on the numerical analysis of SVD for discriminating the tissue and vein blood flow in PPG for reconstructing blood fluidic images, followed by a complete demonstration of skin microcirculation blood tracking in the vessel visualization process when applying our lens-less, conformable, wearable imagers.

Identifying Deception as a Critical Component of Visualization Literacy.

The ability to recognize misleading data visualizations is a key aspect of visualization literacy. In this article, we argue that learning to successfully identify a deceptive graphic requires strategies that deliberately force learners to take an active role in the visualization process. We describe a series of experiments where three groups of learners were shown various deceptive graphics and asked to answer a series of questions. Three different interventions were analyzed to compare the educational effectiveness of the strategies used to engage learners into the process of identifying deceptive visualizations. Our results suggest that the ability to identify deceptive visualizations must be explicitly taught as a core element of visualization literacy. Although both traditional and self-learning approaches are beneficial, the more active the intervention, the higher its educational effectiveness.

The 1942 Film Wake Island: Features of the Propaganda and Visualisation of World War II in the United States

In contemporary studies in war history, the study of the specifics of the discourse in question is a fairly popular area of research. The evolution of the process of visualisation and mythologisation of World War II in American cinematography is analysed using the methods of historical imagology. It is hard to grasp the peculiarities of the evolution of and interaction between US cinema and propaganda without exploring the basic principles, methods, mechanisms, and tools of this process. The main research goal is to establish the features and methods of propaganda used in the film Wake Island. Wake Island combines old and new methods of war propaganda and visualisation. Wake Island is a good example of the early evolution of both US state propaganda through cinema and the development of the visual image of World War II, which was influenced by both the social mythology associated with the US historical past and foreign policy failures, such as the collapse of US-Japan negotiations in 1941, the attack on Pearl-Harbor, and the defeat in the Battle of Guam in December 1941, as well as socio-economic changes in the country. The film Wake Island created a new image of the Marine: a universal hero for a series of films from 1942–1945.

Информативность геоинформационной вычислительной визуализации процессов формирования природных объектов

The paper discusses informative possibilities and prospects of application of digital nature-like methodology for computational visualization of natural processes of natural system formation based on the proposed order parameter—intensity of integral geophysical field created by host structure-forming outer space. Since the designated order parameter defines the structure and properties of natural systems and processes, the gradient of the parameter defining the structure of the natural object is a measure of its order parameter and, therefore, can serve as a predictor of forecasting the change in its properties and structure. The declared approach is tested using an example of forecasting the process of flood formation and processes of visualization of tectonic stress fields. The authors have developed a method of point prediction of the onset time and flood level based on a three-level neural network model and a method of vector space-time visualization of a hierarchy of tectonic stress fields on the territory of an unlimited area. The research shows that computational operations with the parameter of the regional temperature gradient along with intelligent forecasting methods illustrate the prospects of point medium-, long-term forecasting of hydrometeorological processes provided with long rows of instrumental observation data. Computational visualization of general, background and local fields of tectonic stresses in the territories of unlimited area serves as a source of parametric data for geoinformation-mathematical modeling of tectonic stress field restructuring in processes of tectonosphere self-organization, calculation of position of geodynamic instability loci—epicenters of possible earthquakes, visualization of tectonic currents in the Earth’s crust. Monitoring geophysical data at geodynamic instability loci opens up prospects for point prediction of earthquakes. Calculation of order parameters of natural objects and processes opens up prospects of their computational modeling, derivation of numerical laws of their conjugate development and a scale series of interaction, as well as prediction of the state of geo objects and geo processes at a given geo space point in conditions of increasing global natural variability.

Data visualisation using augmented reality for education system

Data is present in abundance in the present world whether it is education, e-commerce, defence and many other sectors of the nation but the actual benefit arises when information is extracted from such huge data which can be used in educational, scientific, commercial fields. Data visualisation to plays an important role in understanding what exactly the data is while processing it and inferring results out of it. Students being the building and budding blocks of the nation at a very ripe age are exposed to abundant data so the paper is focused on improving the educational system so that students can get a proper understanding of concepts by visualising the matter at hand. The main objective of the paper lies in innovating educational technology by introducing augmented reality in the data visualisation process.

Research on Data Producing Services across Compute Engines

Currently, data production services are facing the following challenges: achieving cross-computing engine scheduling, automated accurate labeling, and on-demand task scheduling. In this paper, cross-computing engine scheduling technology for business data production, domain-oriented business data automatic labeling technology and business data production visualization process scheduling technology are investigated, while high concurrency-related technical solutions are studied to improve the service processing performance. At the end of the paper, technical risk assessment analysis is also given in four aspects, including computing resource scheduling, labeling reliability, process scheduling optimization and thread safety.

Understanding Barriers to Network Exploration with Visualization: A Report from the Trenches.

This article reports on an in-depth study that investigates barriers to network exploration with visualizations. Network visualization tools are becoming increasingly popular, but little is known about how analysts plan and engage in the visual exploration of network data-which exploration strategies they employ, and how they prepare their data, define questions, and decide on visual mappings. Our study involved a series of workshops, interaction logging, and observations from a 6-week network exploration course. Our findings shed light on the stages that define analysts' approaches to network visualization and barriers experienced by some analysts during their network visualization processes. These barriers mainly appear before using a specific tool and include defining exploration goals, identifying relevant network structures and abstractions, or creating appropriate visual mappings for their network data. Our findings inform future work in visualization education and analyst-centered network visualization tool design.

Visualization Process of Temporary Converted Facilities to Accommodate Quarantine and Treatment Centre (PKRC) Layouts in Malaysia Agriculture Expo Park Serdang (MAEPS)

This study aims to develop a reference platform for converting Malaysia Agriculture Expo Park Serdang (MAEPS) to the Low-Risk COVID-19 Quarantine and Treatment Centre (PKRC) to face the increased numbers Covid-19. This study employed qualitative methodologies and further developed 3D modeling involving AutoCAD, SketchUp, and V-Ray software. The limitation is developing a 3D model visualization of MAEPS on Phase 1 and Phase 2 at Hall A only. The findings display the application of 3D visualization potentially becomes a reference to creating the quarantine centre in the future. Keywords: Covid-19; pandemic; quarantine centre; 3D visualization eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3055

Implementasi Augmented Reality pada Mata Pelajaran Komputer dan Jaringan Dasar di SMK Nufa Citra Mandiri Berbasis Android

In the process of teaching and learning activities in schools, there are still many that only use learning media in the form of books. This causes boredom in the learning process. Especially in basic computer and network subjects, where in this subject there is a lot of visual recognition and developing forms of technology. Good visual presentation is very important to support the learning process. Augmented Reality (AR) is a learning medium that is currently still being used in the teaching and learning process. AR is an application that combines the real world with the virtual world in two-dimensional or three-dimensional forms which are projected in a real environment at the same time. AR technology is very appropriate to be implemented to support the visualization process in learning activities, because it can present visualization in 3-dimensional form. So that the visualization is more interactive and more interesting. In the learning process at SMK Nufa Citra Mandir, they still rely on books only, especially in computer and basic network subjects which really need visualization of the devices discussed. The application of AR technology to basic computer and network subjects at SMK Nufa Citra Mandiri is expected to help in the learning process. In its development, the design method used is the Extreme Programming (XP). Purpose of this research is to create software with AR technology on Android platform, so that students can better understand and get to know computer tools and computer network devices contained in basic computer and network subjects.

Text Complexity Classification Data Mining Model Based on Dynamic Quantitative Relationship between Modality and English Context

With the rapid development of mobile internet technology, there are a large number of unstructured data in dynamic data, such as text data, multimedia data, etc., so it is essential to analyze and process these unstructured data to obtain potentially valuable information. This article first starts with the theoretical research of text complexity analysis and analyzes the source of text complexity and its five characteristics of dynamic, complexity, concealment, sentiment, and ambiguity, combined with the expression of user needs in the network environment. Secondly, based on the specific process of text mining, namely, data collection, data processing, and data visualization, it is proposed to subdivide the user demand analysis into three stages of text complexity acquisition, recognition, and expression, to obtain a text complexity analysis based on text mining technology. After that, based on computational linguistics and mathematical-statistical analysis, combined with machine learning and information retrieval technology, the text in any format is converted into a content format that can be used for machine learning, and patterns or knowledge are derived from this content format. Then, through the comparison and research of text mining technology, combined with the text complexity analysis hierarchical structure model, a quantitative relationship complexity analysis framework based on text mining technology is proposed, which is embodied in the use of web crawler technology. Experimental results show that the collected quantitative relationship information is identified and expressed in order to realize the conversion of quantitative relationship information into product features. The market data and text data can be integrated to help improve the model performance and the use of text data can further improve predictions for accuracy.

Stickers: design tools of the dynamic visual communication

The purpose of the article. In the work, we showed design tools of visual communications designing with the stickers using. The problem of informing increase of message and level of its perception closely relates to forming of a dynamic image. Research methodology is founded on the basis of the system design approach, and also some methods such as structural and compositional, functional, artistic, and imaginative design-analysis. The scientific novelty of the work. We found out that people can use stickers as an integral part of the design system for dynamic information creation which is the most effective for perception. We focus on the fact that design tools can solve the problems of interaction of visual communications with material objects, persons, and the environment by dynamic means. Conclusions. We emphasize attention on analyzing the visualization processes that happen by stickers repetition with minor transformations on the moving constructions. By using the animation effect, designers manage to create the continuous process illusion. During the work, we analyze the using of template stickers. Their artistic and graphic language is formed on the person’s involvement in communication by the combining of some elements within a defined structure. We proved that using smell and steam. With the development of innovative technologies, stickers-indicators, which become visual markers of dynamic changes in the chemical and biological composition of products, become relevant. We described the close relationship between hidden dynamic signs and visual color changes of stickers. We studied that the design of dynamic visual communications relates to the using of stickers as relevant tools of structuring space. The participation of stickers in the process of visual arrangement of public installations appears over time and is carried out on the basis of a constant flow of people. As result all of the described visual transformations relate to the use of stickers and require the rethinking of traditional semantic and visual-plastic constructions that belong to the openness and intelligibility of the message. Keywords: sticker, visual communication, dynamic visualization, template sticker, design system.

Visualization and spatial analysis of socio-environmental externalities of urban underground space use: Part 2 negative externalities

This paper presents the second part of the two-piece work for the visualization and spatial analysis of socio-environmental externalities of UUS uses. Since the positive socio-environmental externalities of urban underground space (UUS) use have been articulated in Part 1, this Part 2 paper will be devoted to evaluate the negative aspects of UUS development, i.e., the potential threats posed by UUS use to urban sustainability, which requires methodologically distinctive datasets and analyzing approaches compared with Part 1. Findings from this paper will enable a thorough picture of UUS’s role in urban development, both quantitatively and geographically. Consistent with Part 1, Part 2 presented in this paper also builds on the service replacement cost method (SRCM) framework, under which the compromised services of underground assets, namely geothermal energy, groundwater, geomaterials, historical heritage, space continuum and underground organisms, are identified as the monetarized negative externalities derived from UUS uses. The visualization process requires multi-sourced spatial data such as UUS planning data, construction approach data and geological data. Valuation results of the case study showed that the annual average of the aggregated socio-environmental costs of planned UUS uses amounted to approximately 3.2% of the external benefits. Among the calculated items, geothermal energy losses were proved to be the major source of negative socio-environmental externalities in terms of both quantity and spatial distribution. This study facilitates a holistic cost benefit analysis that incorporates socio-environmental benefits, socio-environmental costs and construction costs. Results of the case study proved that most of the planned UUS uses could yield positive net benefits, hence contributing to urban sustainability.

Visualization and spatial analysis of socio-environmental externalities of urban underground space use: Part 1 positive externalities

Socio-environmental externality is one of the distinctive identities of urban underground space (UUS) use and a decisive factor in the decision-making process of UUS planning projects. A growing number of attempts have been made to address the quantification challenge in monetary terms, but failed to articulate the spatial impacts of UUS uses, i.e., the distributional and quantitative extent to which UUS use will facilitate urban sustainability of a specific location, thus incapable of adequately promoting and legitimating UUS planning agendas. The gap can be filled by the geographically referenced visualization and spatial analysis, which require different datasets and approaches for positive and negative externalities of UUS uses. Accordingly, this study will be presented in two parts: Part 1 focuses on how UUS use benefits urban development; Part 2 pays particular attention to the potential threats posed by UUS use to urban sustainability. This part 1 paper builds on the service replacement cost method (SRCM) framework, under which the visualization process of positive socio-environmental externalities requires multi-sourced spatial data such as land use data, UUS planning data, population data, comprehensive transportation data and socio-economic data. Valuation results of the case study showed that the aggregated value of the socio-environmental benefits amounted to approximately 3.7% of the local GDP in 2018, with the most prominent contributions sourced from underground rail transit infrastructures and followed by the UUS uses beneath alienated land parcels. The spatial analysis rationalized the UUS planning of the case study area by demonstrating that the distribution of positive socio-environmental externalities derived from UUS uses was consistent with the planning visions of boosting and revitalizing local development, while most planned UUS projects yielded much greater external benefits than estimated construction costs.

VISUALIZATION OF CULTURE: EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS

The authors of the article focus on changes related to education. Education is considered as a communicative construct arising from the process of symbolic interaction between individuals who establish meanings when coordinating their statements. The communicative generation of situations and orders of knowledge is interpreted as educational semiosis. Analyzed is the discourse of modern humanities which are competing with each other in determining the current socio-cultural situation. Highlighted is the research tendency, asserting the point of changing the cultural morphogenesis by means of its visualization processes. Based on this, the hypothesis of a gap between culture and education is put forward. According to this hypothesis, cultural relations are increasingly mediated by figurative participation, while educational practices appeal to verbal and textual forms of the situational mediation. Within the relations between actors in education, this is reflected in the dominance of legitimate (metanarrative) samples, the transmission model of educational knowledge, the communicative preference for orderliness, the desire for unambiguity, the clarity and completeness of logocentric forms of thinking, and so on. The change of the mediation form in the organization of educational interaction and the transition from the verbocentric order to the ocular-centric one, is suggested as a step in the development of modern education. It must affect the way educational relations (educational communication) function, the way words (speech) and images (vision) are inter-related, the principles of students’ orientation in their attitudes to the sign-symbolic world, their partners in interaction, and to themselves. In the first case, the point is to organize educational communication based on the principles of paradoxicality, paralogicality, and disproportionality of statements and images of the situation. Here the most important educational objective is to make the participants of the educational interaction consider their differences in their interpretations of the world, their styles of utterance, and their discursive positioning. In the second case, the educational objective is the liberalization of vision, which emerges in the course of perceptual work emancipated from the primary procedures of interpretation and comprehension of the visible and relying on the action of the image as the context of the statement. The third case is about worldview constants, radical changes in the position of the educational subject, acquiring the experience of self-detachment in learning. In the final analysis, this provides an opportunity for differentiation and diversification of the worlds of human presence.

Identification of enteric viruses from raw water using fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation coupled to RT-PCR.

Introduction: Enteric viruses have been associated with the production of a variety of diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route and carried through contaminated food and water. Given their structure and composition, they are highly resistant to environmental conditions and most of the chemical agents used in the purification processes. Therefore, the systematic monitoring of raw water is necessary to ensure its quality especially when it is used for producing drinking water for human consumption.Objective: We identifed the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus by means of the fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation technique (FIMS) in raw water taken from four purification plants and their water supplies in the department of Norte de Santander.Materials and methods: The viruses were captured and separated from the water samples using magnetic microparticles functionalized with monoclonal anti-Hepatitis A and antiRotavirus antibodies. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor the viral concentration process and transmission electron microscopy for the morphological visualization of the separated viruses. The reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to confrm the presence of pathogens.Results: The two enteric viruses were identifed in the majority of the analyzed water samples including water supply sources.Conclusion: We determined that the FIMS technique together with RT-PCR is highly effective for the detection of viral pathogens in complex matrices such as raw water.

Anticipation of Living Status of Hepatitis B Patient by using Machine Learning

Abstract: Recently the methods of Data mining and machine learning are widely used in medical field. These methods/techniques have given better results in the prediction of respective diseases. Hepatitis B is a Liver inflammation; it can affect people of all age groups. Lakhs of people across the globe are thought to be affected by Hepatitis B. Early prediction of Hepatitis B with accurate results can save many people. Hepatitis B is a tough challenge for public health care system because of limited clinical diagnosis in the early stages of disease. This paper presents the decision tree algorithm to diagnose the Hepatitis B. The proposed algorithm includes collection of datasets, pre-processing, EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis), Feature Selection, data visualizing, Interpreting, saving and evaluating the model. After the data visualization process decision tree algorithm is implemented to diagnose the disease along with the patient chances of living. Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, Machine Learning, Decision Tree, Public Health, EDA