Photographic Visualization Research Articles

Photographic visualization of stories: documenting the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities with guided photovoice.

People with intellectual disabilities are often excluded from participation in research, whilst research has the potential to enhance positive change in their lives. In the current study, using a guided photovoice procedure, the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities regarding participation in research are evaluated. A total of 14 participants with intellectual disabilities were interviewed using guided photovoice. Through thematical analyses the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities regarding photovoice are discussed. Benefits were taking time, visual cues and the opportunity to speak out. Challenges were abstract concepts and aftercare. Guided photovoice helps to better understand the perspective of people with intellectual disabilities and thus can help to improve their quality of life. People with intellectual disabilities were interested in taking part in the current research project and experienced participating as a positive experience. However careful planning and expertise in communication with people with intellectual disabilities is necessary to include people with intellectual disabilities in research.

Photographic Visualization of Weather Forecasts with Generative Adversarial Networks

Abstract Outdoor webcam images jointly visualize many aspects of the past and present weather, and since they are also easy to interpret, they are consulted by meteorologists and the general public alike. Weather forecasts, in contrast, are communicated as text, pictograms, or charts, each focusing on separate aspects of the future weather. We therefore introduce a method that uses photographic images to also visualize weather forecasts. This is a challenging task because photographic visualizations of weather forecasts should look real and match the predicted weather conditions, the transition from observation to forecast should be seamless, and there should be visual continuity between images for consecutive lead times. We use conditional generative adversarial networks to synthesize such visualizations. The generator network, conditioned on the analysis and the forecasting state of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model, transforms the present camera image into the future. The discriminator network judges whether a given image is the real image of the future, or whether it has been synthesized. Training the two networks against each other results in a visualization method that scores well on all four evaluation criteria. We present results for three camera sites across Switzerland that differ in climatology and terrain. We show that even experts struggle to distinguish real from generated images, achieving only a 59% accuracy. The generated images match the atmospheric, ground, and illumination conditions visible in the true future images in 67% up to 99% of cases. Nowcasting sequences of generated images achieve a seamless transition from observation to forecast and attain good visual continuity.

THE BAHU LAWEYAN LEGEND IN PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK

There is a legend of Bahu Laweyan in Surakarta, which is also found in the 19th-century Serat Witaradya by R.N. Ronggowarsito. Bahu Laweyan is a cursed woman; if she marries, her husband will die mystically soon, and the curse will not be lifted until she has been married seven times. The legend of Bahu Laweyan is a concept of folklore re-actualization to be visualized through a Romanticism-influenced photographic medium. The creative process involves three stages: experimentation, reflection, and formation. The photographic visualization of Bahu Laweyan’s stature or characteristics illustrates a charismatic, charming, extremely elegant, beautiful woman, who has a bright face but also dark shadows and lethal powers. This Romanticism-styled photograph synthesizes folklore values (legend) and modern technology (photography).

Research on Cavitation Characteristics of Two-Throat Nozzle Submerged Jet

Ship fouling not only increases ship resistance and fuel consumption but is equally a type of biological invasion, which causes severe ecological damage. Submerged cavitation jet cleaning is an environmentally friendly, high-efficiency, and energy-saving cleaning method. The nozzle structure has an essential influence on the cleaning effect. Thus, a two-throat nozzle was designed for application in submerged cavitation jet cleaning. To investigate the cavitation characteristics of the two-throat nozzle, a high-speed photographic visualization experiment and an erosion experiment concerning the submerged cavitation jet were carried out in this study. The frame-difference method (FDM) was used to analyze the dynamic changes in the cavitation cloud in a single period. The dynamic changes in the cavitation cloud and the characteristics of the submerged cavitation jet were investigated under different inlet pressures. The sample mass loss and the macroscopic and microscopic changes in surface morphology were used to evaluate the cavitation intensity of the two-throat nozzle submerged jet. The experimental results demonstrate that the two-throat nozzle has a good cavitation effect, and the cavitation cloud of the submerged jet has obvious periodicity. With the increase in inlet pressure, the length, width, and area of the cavitation cloud continue to increase, and the shedding frequency of the cavitation cloud continues to decrease. The intensity of cavitation erosion is related to target distance and impact time. There is an appropriate target distance by which to achieve the optimal cavitation effect. The collapse of cavitation bubbles near the sample surface is related to the erosion distribution on the sample surface. Moreover, the magnitude of the absolute values of the root-mean-square surface roughness and surface skewness increase with cavitation intensity. The results in this paper are helpful for a better understanding of the cavitation characteristics of the two-throat nozzle submerged jet.

Effect of nozzle inlet swirl and air column shape in nozzle on water jet occurring periodic droplets splashing

Water with free surface inside the water tank was pressurized and ejected as a water jet from nozzle with abrupt contraction flow path attached to the bottom of the tank. When the height of the free surface of water makes low into some height from the bottom of the tank, a peculiar air column is generated in the nozzle, a phenomenon occurs in which the droplets are periodically aligned outward in the radial direction and are rapidly splashed from the jet due to the pressure difference from the atmospheric pressure. In order to investigate how water swirling near the nozzle inlet affects this droplet splashing phenomenon, The bottom of the tank was designed to affect the flow of water, and the flow of water was analyzed using visualization photography. As a result, it was found that the circumferential velocity has a great influence on the droplet splashing phenomenon under low pressure. When the circumferential velocity increases, it affects the shape of the air column in the large tube of nozzle, and the shape makes it easier for air bubbles to be generated in the small tube of nozzle. It was found that these processes facilitated the occurrence of the droplet splashing phenomenon.

The Use of 3D Photogrammetry in the Analysis, Visualization, and Dissemination of the Indigenous Archaeological Heritage of the Greater Antilles

Abstract The development of digital technologies and the use of advanced photogrammetry programs for modeling archaeological excavations and sites have opened new possibilities for spatial analysis in archaeology and the reconstruction of archaeological contexts. In addition, these tools allow us to visually preserve the features of archaeological sites for future use and facilitate the dissemination of archaeological heritage to local communities and the general public. This paper summarizes 3D photographic visualization of three cave art sites (Los Cayucos and Cueva No. 1 in Punta del Este, Cuba, and José María Cave in the Dominican Republic) and two burial spaces (Canímar Abajo and Playa del Mango, Cuba) using photogrammetry software. The application of these novel methods at the cave art sites allowed us to visualize faint pictographs that were invisible to the naked eye, to better define the shapes of petroglyphs and to reconstruct the position of lost/removed panels. At the burial sites, 3D modeling allowed us to register the archaeological context with greater precision. The use of 3D modeling will improve spatial analysis and data safeguarding in Cuban archaeology. Moreover, 3D movies are an effective way to disseminate knowledge and connect local communities with their cultural heritage, while reducing the impact of public visits to remote or endangered sites.

Visualization of in-cylinder combustion flame and evaluation of engine characteristics of MPFI engine fueled by lemon peel oil blended gasoline

This paper reports the results of experimental work carried out on a twin-cylinder gasoline Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engine fueled with lemon peel oil blends. Flame visualization photography is used along with combustion diagnostic tools to investigate the effects of non-octane enhancer bio-fuel lemon peel oil (LPO) on the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the gasoline engine. The captured combustion flame photographs are post-processed using MATLAB code to single out high diffusion flame regions. The oil extracted from lemon grinds is blended with gasoline in the ratios of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume and tested in the engine at different load conditions. The flame images of 20% and 30% LPO blends show higher diffusion flame regions whereas 10% LPO blend shows least. The gasoline at 80% load shows the least diffusion flames. But the same gasoline shows higher diffusion flame at full load. Among the blends, 10% lemon peel blend shows a better heat release rate compared to gasoline. From the performance analysis, it was determined that the brake thermal efficiency of 10% LPO blend increased by 3% over sole gasoline at full load. The CO, HC, and NOx emission were decreased by 5%, 6.3% and 5% for 10% LPO blend compared to gasoline. From the results, it is concluded that the LPO up to a maximum of 10% by volume can be added with gasoline to improve the performance and emission.

A novel robust color gradient estimator for photographic volume visualization

Photographic volume visualization has been widely applied in various fields ranging from medicine to biology. Different from scalar volume data, photographic volume data are directly captured by means of the modern cryo-imaging systems. The voxels are recorded as RGB vectors, which makes it difficult to estimate accurate gradient for the shading and the design of transfer functions. In this paper, we propose a robust color gradient estimation method to produce accurate and robust gradient results for photographic volumes. First, a robust color morphological gradient (RCMG) operator is employed to estimate the gradient in a dominant direction and the low-pass filters are then applied to reduce the effects of noises. Then, an aggregation operator is applied to estimate the accurate gradient directions and the gradient magnitudes. Based on the obtained color gradients, the shading effects of internal materials are enhanced and the features can be better specified in a 2D transfer function space. At last, the effectiveness of the robust gradient estimation for photographic volume is demonstrated based on a large number of experimental rendering results, especially for those noisy photographic volume data sets.

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: Intraoperative Photography as a Quality Metric for Axillary Dissection.

The adequacy of an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is frequently assessed by the number of LNs pathologically identified. We hypothesized that intraoperative photographs facilitate objective measurement of the surgical quality of an ALND. Intraoperative photographs of the axilla were obtained prospectively following ALND by four surgeons. An objective scoring system was created based on the visibility of anatomic landmarks, with a maximum score of 7. Photographs of each case were scored independently by the other three surgeons. Factors thought to influence LN count were evaluated for correlation. Interrater variability was calculated. A total of 115 cases were evaluated: 98 breast and 17 melanoma. Mean LN count was 25.1 (SD 10.5): 23.2 (SD 7.9) for breast and 36.5 (SD 15.8) for melanoma. Ninety percent of cases had a LN count ≥15. Factors associated with a higher number of LNs were melanoma (p<0.001), visualization of the axillary vein (p=0.03), and long thoracic nerve (p=0.04). There was no association with age, body mass index, number of positive LNs, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or matted LNs. Mean ALND photograph score was 4.8 (SD 1.3). A 1-point change in total score increased the mean LN count by 2.4 (p=0.002). Correlations for interrater reliability varied from 0.27 to 0.62. Photographic visualization of axillary anatomic structures correlates with the number of LNs identified on pathology. These findings support initiating a larger study with more surgeons to define the optimal photo metrics of an adequate ALND.

Photography and the Spatial Transformations of Ghent, 1840-1914

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the photographic visualization of the Belgian city of Ghent is closely connected to its urban planning. On one hand, the city is transformed according to the logics of industrial modernization with its functional and spatial zoning. On the other hand, the city’s historical heritage is rediscovered and many medieval buildings were preserved and restored. The planning history of Ghent is usually described in two stages: first, the “Haussmannization” of the city, the creation of boulevards and vistas according to the model of Brussels and Paris, and second, the return to regionalism and a picturesque sensibility during the preparation of the 1913 World’s Fair. The photographic representation of the city seems to mirror this evolution, exchanging the image of the city as a series of isolated monuments for a more sensory and immersive experience. However, a close look at a broad range of images produced by both foreign and local photographers allows us to nuance this assumption. Particularly, the work of Edmond Sacré, who photographed Ghent over half a century, combines a “topographical” and a “picturesque” sensibility.

The Prophetic Faculty of Epidemic Photography: Chinese Wet Markets and the Imagination of the Next Pandemic

Dominant trends in epidemiological research and medical journalism today share a belief in the “next pandemic,” a microbiological catastrophe of Old Testament proportions that threatens to annihilate humanity. Expected to arise out of a zoonotic spillover, in most cases a newly emergent or mutant form of animal-to-human influenza, the ground zero of the “next pandemic” is located in so-called wet markets, live animal markets in East Asia and China in particular. Focusing on photographic representations of wet markets during the SARS outbreak of 2003, this article examines critically the visual regime constructed around and supporting this outbreak narrative. Examining the temporality of spillover events and the dialectic between their visibility and invisibility, the article argues that the photographic visualization of points of pandemic eruption sets in place a prophetic faculty. Imaging spillover as an inevitable destiny and, at the same time, as having always or already occurred, wet market photograph...

The Prophetic Faculty of Epidemic Photography: Chinese Wet Markets and the Imagination of the Next Pandemic

Dominant trends in epidemiological research and medical journalism today share a belief in the “next pandemic,” a microbiological catastrophe of Old Testament proportions that threatens to annihilate humanity. Expected to arise out of a zoonotic spillover, in most cases a newly emergent or mutant form of animal-to-human influenza, the ground zero of the “next pandemic” is located in so-called wet markets, live animal markets in East Asia and China in particular. Focusing on photographic representations of wet markets during the SARS outbreak of 2003, this article examines critically the visual regime constructed around and supporting this outbreak narrative. Examining the temporality of spillover events and the dialectic between their visibility and invisibility, the article argues that the photographic visualization of points of pandemic eruption sets in place a prophetic faculty. Imaging spillover as an inevitable destiny and, at the same time, as having always or already occurred, wet market photography constitutes a new biomedical temporality that institutes human extinction as a never-completed but always in process end-event.

Study of Schlieren Optical Visualization Basics Technique and the Principle

This paper presents a schlieren optical visualization technique and its application in observation of the changes of intensity in real images. Schlieren optical visualization technique system is the unique technique because it produces a neutral image easily-interpretable image of refractive-index-gradient fields. The schlieren technique remains to be one of the most powerful techniques to visualize the flow and useful as a tool in order to observe the flow characteristics, fuel-air mixing, spray evaporation and flame development. The schlieren system provides a method to viewing the flow through the transparent media. This paper present the basics technique of schlieren system especially for Z-type and two mirror schlieren system. This optical visualization photography together with digital video camera will capture the detail spray evaporation, mixture formation and flame process.

Intuitive transfer function design for photographic volumes

Photographic volumes have been increasingly used in medical and biological researches in recent years. The original colors kept in photographic volumes present great opportunities to capture a rich set of information within the dataset for a wide variety of data analysis and visualization applications. Despite years of research, an interactive and user-friendly transfer function is still lacking for photographic volume visualization. The difficulty lies in how to map colors to a space that is convenient and intuitive for users to interactively classify features, i.e., specifying opacities for voxels. In this paper, we propose a color-based transfer function for intuitive opacity specification of photographic volumes. The color-based transfer function intelligently maps the colors from 3D to 1D, resulting in 256 representative colors which preserve the original colors to the maximum extent. Users can directly classify voxels based on these representative colors similar to the conventional 1D transfer function. Experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and also demonstrate the intuitiveness and flexibility of the proposed method.

A method of concurrent thermographic–photographic visualization of flow boiling in a minichannel

A method is developed to capture the distribution of surface temperature while simultaneously imaging the bubble motions in diabatic flow boiling in a horizontal minichannel. Liquid crystal thermography is used to obtain highly resolved surface temperature measurements on the uniformly heated upper surface of the channel. High-speed images of the flow field are acquired simultaneously and are overlaid with the thermal images. The local surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient can be analyzed with the knowledge of the nucleation site density and location, and bubble motion and size evolution. The horizontal channel is 1.2 mm high × 23 mm wide × 357 mm long, and the working fluids are Novec 649 and R-11. Optical access is through a machined glass plate which forms the bottom of the channel. The top surface is an electrically heated 76 μm-thick Hastelloy foil held in place by a water-cooled aluminum and glass frame. The heat loss resulting from this construction is computed using a conduction model in Fluent. The model is driven by temperature measurements on the foil, glass plate and aluminum frame. This model produces a corrected value for the local surface heat flux and enables the computation of the bulk fluid temperature and heat transfer coefficient along the channel. The streamwise evolution of the heat transfer coefficient for single-phase laminar flow is compared to theoretical values for a uniform-flux boundary condition. Examples of the use of the facility for visualizing subcooled two-phase flows are presented. These examples include measurements of the surface temperature distribution around active nucleation sites and the construction of boiling curves for locations along the test surface. Points on the curve can be associated with specific image sequences so that the role of mechanisms such as nucleation and the sliding of confined bubbles may be discerned.

The spectral and catalytic studies of chlorophylls and pheophytins in mimetic biotransformation of α-pinene

Natural porphyrin pigments isolated from spinach in the form of a crude extract, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a and pheophytin b were studied as potential catalysts for the biomimetic transformation of α-pinene to trans-pinocarveol, pinocarvone and myrtenal. The reaction of monoterpene oxidation was performed in an organic solution under visible light irradiation. Significant changes in the distribution of the products were achieved using β-pinene as the substrate. The pheophytins showed the highest catalytic efficiency among the photocatalysts examined. The photographic visualization of α-pinene oxidation course at the beginning of the reaction, after 4 and 24 h exposure to light showed a distinct shift in the colour excited catalysts. This may indicate a change in their structure leading to their degradation. The absorbance and fluorescence spectra revealed that pheophytins are significantly stable photocatalysts in comparison to both chlorophylls. Pheophytin b displayed the highest stability in the biotransformation, whereas the highest rate of photodecomposition was proved for chlorophyll b under the reaction condition. Differences were noticed in the behaviour of the chlorophylls in the photodegradation process. From the changes in the intensity of the singlet oxygen band on infrared fluorescence spectra of pigments upon pinene addition, and from the reactivity experiments with radicals scavengers, it can be deduced that the biotransformation of pinene by chlorophylls and pheophytins proceeds by common oxygenation mechanism involving singlet oxygen and free radicals.

IMPROVING THE REPEATABILITY OF LOW MAGNIFICATION MICROWEAR METHODS USING HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE IMAGING

The recent advent of low magnification microwear analysis has allowed the efficient study of entire vertebrate faunas using only an optical stereomicroscope. Photographic visualization of microwear by this means has proven difficult, however, and, as a result, few high-resolution photos of low magnification microwear have been published. The repeatability of the method has also been questioned because low magnification microwear analysis involves the visual inspection of microwear features. We show that the use of high dynamic range imaging improves the visualization of microwear features in photographs and that using these photographs as a counting medium increases the repeatability of the method. We also show that counting from the photographs allows us to accurately classify ungulates as browsers, grazers, or mixed feeders.

171 内燃機関における可視化撮影による燃焼画像解析装置の開発(エンジンシステム)

171 内燃機関における可視化撮影による燃焼画像解析装置の開発(エンジンシステム)

Electrical and Optical Properties of AC Microdischarges in Porous Ceramics

AbstractGeneration of microdischarges inside porous ceramics by AC high voltage was explored. The physical properties of the microdischarges were investigated by electrical measurements, photographic visualization, and optical emission spectroscopy. The effects of pore size, discharge power, and gas mixture composition on the discharge properties and its development are described. The optimum generation and distribution of the microdischarges was observed with pore sizes of 50 and 80 µm. The emission spectra of the microdischarges indicated their strongly non‐equilibrium character. A theoretical analysis of the microdischarge mechanism is provided, accounting for the pore size and the elementary processes such as ionization, recombination, and ambipolar diffusion. magnified image

An experimental study of critical heat flux (CHF) in microgravity forced-convection boiling

Pool and forced-convection boiling of FC-72 was conducted in earth gravity and microgravity. A platinum wire heater was used to generate bubbles and provide simultaneous measurement of the heater surface mean temperature. An electrical circuit was built to control the temperature of heater surface. Boiling curves of FC-72 for different flow rates were obtained in the experiment. By using photographic visualization, it was observed that the microgravity environment decreased the critical heat flux (CHF) significantly and force the boiling to switch to transition or film regime. With an increase of the flow rate, the CHF increased and the boiling curves moved upward in both terrestrial gravity and microgravity. In this study, it was also found that the forced convection tends to offset the microgravity effect on CHF when the flow rate was sufficiently high.