Visual-motor Reaction Research Articles

The Comparison of Two Multitasking Approaches to Cognitive Training in Patients after Coronary Bypass Surgery: Theta Activity Changes and <i>sLORETA</i> Analysis Data

The study investigated the changes in theta activity and localization of its sources by standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) in patients who have underwent two variants of multitasking cognitive training (CT) in the early postoperative period of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Two groups were formed in a pseudo-random way, which differed according to the type of motor problem used: CT I (n = 27) – a postural balance task and CT II (n = 27) – a simple visual-motor reaction. Cognitive tasks were the same for both groups (counting backwards, verbal fluency, and unusual uses for common objects). Daily sessions of CT were held from the 3rd to 4th day after CABG, with a duration of 5 minutes on the 1st day of training and up to 20 minutes on the 6th to 7th day of training. The current density of theta rhythm sources was lower before CABG than after surgery in the CT II group only. The most significant differences are in the Brodmann area 31, the parietal occipital lobes and precuneus, which may indicate damage associated with cardiac surgery. This effect was not observed in the CT I group. The results of our study demonstrated the informativeness of sLORETA indicators to determine an effective cognitive recovery option after CABG. The reduction of the severity of damaging effects of CABG during training using cognitive tasks and postural balance task was shown. Further research is needed to determine the optimal mode and duration of cognitive training to maximize the functional reserves of such patients.

The influence of sexual dimorphism on the manifestation of coordination abilities of volleyball players aged 15-17

Background and Study Aim. Sexual dimorphism plays a crucial role in the design of training programs for athletes. Therefore, understanding the influence of sexual dimorphism on various abilities is essential for optimizing training regimens. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of sexual dimorphism on the manifestation of coordination abilities in young volleyball players aged 15–17. Material and Methods. Volleyball players aged 15–17 years participated in the study (n=92, training experience – 5–7 years). Fifty of them were girls, and forty-two were boys. Motor tests were used to determine the level of coordination preparedness of the volleyball players. The study assessed kinesthetic differentiation, spatial orientation, reaction, coupling, binding of movements, and balance skills. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel and SPSS programs. Results. For most of the compared indicators of coordination abilities, there was no significant difference between male and female volleyball players aged 15–17 (p>0.05). In the “Shuttle run with back forward” test, which determined the ability of volleyball players to quickly rebuild motor activity, boys outperformed girls by 5.6% (p<0.05). In the “Sprint test with the given rhythm”, boys significantly outperformed girls by 16.6% (p<0.001). However, control exercises that determined the relative indicators of the above qualities did not show a significant difference. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the indicators that characterized the subjects' ability to demonstrate balance in both groups. Girls outperformed boys by 4.2% in terms of sagittal displacement of the center of mass. Comparison of the magnitude of latent periods of simple and complex visual-motor reaction by groups did not reveal significant differences among boys and girls. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need to implement targeted training programs to address and mitigate gender differences in coordination abilities among young volleyball players. These programs should focus on enhancing specific coordination skills. This approach ensures balanced development. Purposeful sports training can help overcome inherent physiological differences. By doing so, it leverages the benefits of tailored training to promote equality in athletic performance.

Instrument for Evaluation and Training of Decision Making in Dual Tasks in Soccer: Validation and Application.

Training in team sports such as soccer requires advanced technical and tactical skills for effective decision-making, particularly when executing a shot. This study validates an innovative instrument, a training platform (TP), designed to measure and enhance decision-making in dual-task scenarios. The TP aims to improve visual-motor reactions in multitask environments that simulate real game conditions. Equipped with an LED panel, main circuitry, ball sensor, and targets, the TP challenges players to kick the ball in response to the illumination of the final LED array on the panel while hitting a designated target. The study evaluated three parameters: reaction time (RT), ball speed (BS) and accuracy. To validate the TP against a gold standard (GS), we conducted correlation analyses. The results exhibited very strong correlations for both RT (r = 0.997) and BS (r = 0.994). The mean differences between TP and GS measurements were 13 ± 15 ms for RT and 0.1 ± 0.5 km/h for BS. Bland-Altman plots revealed trend lines obtained by a simple linear regression of r = -0.507, p = 0.307 for RT and r = 0.134, p = 0.077 for BS. The TP effectively simulates game scenarios, offering advantages such as low-cost components, installation flexibility, test variability, instant feedback, and integration of physical and cognitive components of sports performance.

Autenthity of the indicators of complex visual-motor reaction for trap shooters

The aim of the study was to determine the validity and stability of choice reaction time testing in trap shooters. The following research methods were used: theoretical analysis and summarization of data from scientific and methodological literature and the Internet, medical-biological methods, pedagogical observation, and mathematical statistics methods. Relevant calculations were conducted using the MS Excel analysis software package and functions from the Statistica software package. The study involved 27 athletes of varying qualifications in trap shooting. Each athlete's reaction time was measured in ten attempts. Satisfactory reliability of choice reaction time testing was found among shooters of average skill level (Candidate for Master of Sports, 1st and 2nd categories) with a reliability coefficient of ICC=0.767. Excellent reliability of the test (ICC=0.933) was found in highly qualified shooters (Master of Sports and International Master of Sports). The tested choice reaction time methodology demonstrated acceptable informativeness (validity) and reliability (stability) for the training process of trap shooters.

Effects of Combined Visual-Motor Response Training on Cognitive Function and Brain Plasticity Mechanisms in Various Populations: Protocol for a Single-Center, Open-Label, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Cognitive impairment is one of the major diseases facing the aging population. The progressive decline of cognitive function can lead to declining health or even the loss of life, work, and social ability. Exercise and behavioral stimulation can increase neurotransmitters in the brain and improve overall health and cognitive function. Reactivity training can mobilize neuromuscular function and induce changes in brain plasticity, which may effectively improve cognitive dysfunction and delay the occurrence and development of Alzheimer disease; however, the evidence supporting its effectiveness is still limited. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and reliability of visual-motor reaction training in improving cognitive function, thereby promoting the application of novel nonpharmacological therapies. This study is a single-center, open-label, controlled clinical trial. A total of 78 participants will be recruited for the study, including an equal number of athletes, ordinary healthy college students, and ordinary older adults in the community. Participants will receive 2 weeks of visual-motor response training. The primary outcome of this study is to assess differences in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at 2 weeks. The secondary outcomes were the following: acousto-optic response time, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) Scale, Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire-9 (SCD-Q9), a 10-word memory test, and safety. The study was approved by the Shanghai Clinical Research Ethics Committee on January 2, 2024 (SECCR/2023-162-01). As of September 11, 2024, we have completed the recruitment of all 3 groups of volunteers. We expect to complete data collection and analysis by February 2025. The purpose of this study is to compare improvements in brain perceptual motor functions and cognitive levels across different populations through response ability training and to explore the efficacy and safety of exercise-based nonpharmacological therapies in improving cognitive function. Other potential benefits include understanding the functional differences and perceptual characteristics of the brain's perceptual-motor system between athletes and the general population and exploring the adaptability of the brain in acquiring skills during competitive sports training. This could provide an evidence base for early sports talent development and broader youth development. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2400079602; https://tinyurl.com/23fbbndw. DERR1-10.2196/56424.

ROLE OF THE EMOTIONAL-MOTIVATIONAL COMPONENT IN THE DYNAMICS OF CNS FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

The main clinical syndromes of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) are impaired gait and balance disorders, High morbidity level among school children, which has been recorded over the past decade in our country, necessitates a review of the contributing causes, mechanisms and factors. Objective. The purpose of the study is to assess CNS functional capacity in secondary school students taking into account anxiety and the motivational component. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 424 secondary school students aged 10–17, living in Astrakhan. Simple and complex visual-motor reaction test was carried out. To study personality traits, anxiety and motivation levels of the participants, the authors used Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ), School Anxiety Test (Phillips Test), and Spielberg-Andreeva motivation questionnaire. Results. A significant decrease in the level of CNS functional capacity was noted when compared with the age norm. CNS functional level increases with age, while its values in the examined 12–13 and 14–15 year-old participants are below the average age ones. A decrease in the motivation level was revealed among the trial subjects. A positive attitude towards learning and effective motivation was revealed in 53.6 % of secondary school students aged 10–11; 38,6 % aged 12–13; 30,3 % aged 14–15 and 30 % aged 16–17. A high level of general anxiety was revealed in 40.9 % of secondary school students aged 10–11; 63.6 % aged 12–13; 12.8 % aged 14–15 and 6 % aged 16–17. Conclusion. The parameters of CNS functional capacity in most cases are characterized by below average values. The anxiety level significantly decreases with age, which indicates an adequate influence of learning environment on students. The highest anxiety level was revealed in the trial subjects aged 12–13. Motivation for learning decreases with age, which is probably due to psychological and motivational age-related changes in adolescence.

Think fast, stay healthy? A narrative review of neurocognitive performance and lower extremity injury

BackgroundLower extremity (LE) injury has been problematic in athletic populations. While previous research has identified biomechanical and neuromuscular risk factors, more recent efforts have determined that neurocognitive performance (NP) may influence LE injury risk. ObjectivesTo describe the present findings pertaining to the relationship between NP and LE injury. This review described potential cerebral neural mechanisms underpinning LE injury with a particular emphasis on the role of vision in sensorimotor integration. Lastly, newer technology such as stroboscopic eyewear, smartboards, and virtual/augmented reality were discussed for their utility in assessing and training NP. MethodsNarrative review that described NP and LE injury, as well as plausible mechanisms and training interventions. ResultsNP appears to influence both LE biomechanics and LE injury risk. Athletes with worse NP demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased frontal plane knee loading compared to better performing athletes. Most studies determined an association between NP and LE injury risk. Visual motor reaction time, processing speed, and working memory appear to be useful NP measures for identifying athletes at risk for LE injury. Various brain regions including the precuneus and lingual gyrus may be implicated as neural signatures for LE injury. While recently developed technology offer promise, far-transfer effects to LE injury risk reduction have yet to be substantially investigated. ConclusionsNP should be considered an important component for identifying LE injury risk. Sports scientists and clinicians may consider a variety of assessments and interventions to quantify and train NP in conjunction with previously established protocols.

Definition of the Profile of Cognitive Deficit in Cardiac Surgery Patients Using the Optimal Clustering Method

An original clustering method based on discrete optimization of multidimensional objects according to many heterogeneous parameters: age, severity of carotid artery stenosis (CA), personal and cognitive characteristics was used to identify pre- and postoperative specificity of the profile of cognitive functions. The study involved 163 cardiac surgery patients. Determination of CA stenoses was carried out in the preoperative period using color duplex scanning and further classification of the lesion. Psychometric assessment of personal and situational anxiety, as well as psychomotor and executive functions, attention, short-term memory was performed 3–5 days before and 7–10 days after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). As a result of clustering arrays of 17 normalized indicators and subsequent analysis of three groups formed in this way, different dynamics of restoration of the profile of cognitive functions after coronary bypass surgery were discovered. One of the groups was designated as a group of cognitive reserves according to its best indicators of information selection and memory both in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Another selected group was characterized by a postoperative increase in the speed of information selection, but low memory scores. The third selected group demonstrated close relationships between indicators of attention, memory and the efficiency of a complex visual-motor reaction with age and the degree of stenosis of the CA, regardless of the pre- or postoperative testing period, which may indicate persistent disorganization of cognitive functions in such patients, requiring special attention when choosing neuro- and cardiac rehabilitation programs for them. The developed clustering method makes it possible to group patients according to a variety of heterogeneous parameters to identify the dynamics of their changes during the course of treatment.

Effects of repetitive subconcussive head trauma on the neuropsychological functioning and symptom reporting of high school athletes in high and low contact sports: Age and sex.

The present study was designed to assess the neuropsychological test performances of non-concussed female and male high school athletes of different ages in high and low contact sports. Large samples of 2,510 high school athletes in High Contact sports (e.g., football) and 1,437 in Low Contact sports (e.g., basketball) were examined. The participants were administered a baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) prior to their respective seasons. Multivariate linear regression showed that the High Contact athletes had significantly poorer results than the Low Contact athletes in all four ImPACT Composite scores and the Total Symptom scores. No age differences were found, but in all three age groups, the High Contact athletes had lower Visual Motor Speed scores than the Low Contact athletes. No test score differences were noted between the females in the High and Low Contact groups, but the High Contact males had poorer Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time than the Low Contact males. The present results were consistent with prior studies of subconcussive head trauma, with High Contact athletes obtaining overall poorer neuropsychological test results than Low Contact athletes. More investigations in this age group seems is warranted.

Baseline Symptoms and Neurocognitive Performance Across Collision, Contact, and Non-Contact Female High School Athletes.

Our purpose was to represent a rare cohort of female collision sport athletes and investigate the association between sport type (collision, contact, non-contact), symptoms, and performance on baseline neurocognitive assessments. We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline computerized neurocognitive scores (ImPACT) of 75,128 female high school student-athletes (age: 15.27 ± 1.05 years) playing multiple sports. The dependent variables were verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor speed, reaction time, and total symptom score. The independent variable was sport type, categorized as collision, contact, non-contact, adjusted for the effect of the following co-variables: age, concussion history, and comorbidities (learning disability, ADHD, psychiatric condition, headaches, migraines, speech therapy, special education, and repeating one of more years of school) using multivariable regression models. Female collision sport athletes reported significantly higher symptoms (9.81 ± 12.63) at baseline compared to contact (5.78 ± 9.25) or non-contact (6.39 ± 9.74) sport athletes (p < 0.001). Using non-contact sports as a reference, there was no significant association between collision sport participation and cognitive composite scores (verbal memory: β = -0.57, 95% confidence interval: -1.80, 0.66, p = 0.38; visual memory: β = -0.83, 95% confidence interval: -2.46, 0.79, p = 0.31; visual motor speed: β = -0.21, 95% confidence interval: -1.01, 0.59, p = 0.61; reaction time: β = 0.01, 95% confidence interval: -0.01, 0.02, p = 0.29). Participation in collision sports appears to be associated with baseline symptoms but not neurocognitive functioning among female adolescent athletes.

EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION INFLUENCE OF SPORTS GAMES ON PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF STUDENTS

Relevance of the research topic. A specialist will be able to compete effectively on the labor market only when he is ready for a specific type of activity and will have a sufficient supply of reserve capabilities of the body. Studying the ways of psychoregulation and increasing the level of development of psychophysiological abilities of students is an important problem of the organization of physical education in higher education institutions. The purpose of the research is to experimentally substantiate the effectiveness of the use of means from sports games on the development of psychophysiological abilities of students. Research methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, dynamometry, spatial orientation test, computer program "Psychodiagnostics", methods of mathematical statistics. Research results. During the year, a set of specific exercises aimed at the development of psychophysiological abilities was implemented in the training of students of optional groups in sports games. In order to determine the differences in the impact of various sports in the pedagogical study, optional control groups from power sports and athletics were selected. The indicators of muscle differentiation, spatial orientation, simple visual-motor reaction and reactions of distinction and choice were studied. In the experimental groups, an increase was obtained in all the mentioned tests, but it differed both in terms of indicators and in different game sports, which corresponded to the features of competitive activity. In the control groups, according to some indicators, there were also positive shifts in the development of psychophysiological abilities, but they were not statistically reliable. Conclusions. The specifics of the impact of various sports on students' muscular, spatial sensations and psychomotor skills have been determined. The developed complexes of special means for sports games have shown their effectiveness and can be recommended for their use in the physical education of students for a purposeful effect on psychophysiological abilities.

Features of forming coordination abilities and properties of the nervous system of schoolchildren (aged 11-12) at physical education classes

Introduction. The problem of forming and improving modern adolescents’ coordination abilities is relevant, considering the fact that most professional skills are based on these abilities. A number of studies indicate the relationship between the development of schoolchildren’ coordination abilities and the properties of their nervous system. Thus, to date, these relationship has been quite poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of forming coordination abilities and properties of the nervous system of schoolchildren aged between 11 and 12 years in the process of physical education. Materials and Methods. The methodological approach of this study is N. A. Bernstein’s theory on the physiological basis of movement control. In order to assess the level of schoolchildren’s motor coordination, the ability to kinetic differentiation, maintaining balance (Romberg’s test), and the ability to coordinate movements were assessed. The properties of nervous system were studied using visual-motor reactions. The tests make it possible to determine a subject’s reaction time to a visual stimulus, the stability of the reaction, the speed of decision-making in the choice reaction, and to assess the mobility of the main nervous processes in the central nervous system. Results. The article presents the results of a study of forming coordination abilities and properties of schoolchildren’s nervous system in the process of Physical Education classes. At the beginning of the experiment, schoolchildren, aged 11-12 years, had a below average level of the ability to balance and kinesthetic differentiation and a low level of development of the ability to coordinate movements. The time for a complex visual-motor reaction was significantly longer compared to a simple reaction. There were no significant differences in the indicators of visual-motor reactions of schoolchildren depending on their gender. During Physical Education classes, when they do gymnastics, basketball and track and field athletics, some specially selected exercises were used aimed at developing coordination abilities in middle schoolchildren. At the end of the experiment, schoolchildren aged 11-12 years were determined to have a high level of the ability to balance and kinesthetic differentiation and an above-average level of development of the ability to coordinate movements. According to the results of the experiment, the highest level of ability to kinesthetic differentiation and coordination of movements were shown by schoolchildren. The authors obtained data about the optimization of indicators of the nervous system properties, assessed by the magnitude of simple-motor reaction (SVMR) and complex visual-motor reaction (CVMR), which proves the leading role of the central nervous system in the formation of coordination abilities. Conclusions. The results of the work allow the authors to draw a conclusion about the relationship between the properties of the nervous system and the dynamics of coordination abilities, which determine the speed of the processes of excitation and inhibition, the mobility of nervous processes in the central nervous system, the ability to develop differential inhibition and the accuracy of the motor act in schoolchildren aged 11-12 years during the Physical Education classes.

Электромагнитные поля сотовой связи как факторы риска негативного воздействия на центральную нервную систему детей и подростков (обзор). Часть 1. Моделирование. параметры электроэнцефалографии и сенсомоторных реакций

It is quite relevant to investigate possible outcomes of exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) since contemporary children and adolescents have become active users of the most advanced technologies. They are especially susceptible to electromagnetic factors; therefore, it is necessary to have a proper insight into outcomes of such exposures for the body. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the main targets under exposure to RF EMF. In most cases, users hold mobile phones close to their heads thereby directly exposing their brains to RF EMF. As the analysis of literature data has shown, there are few studies in this area; however, proposed options for assessing the impact of RF EMF on children and adolescents are very diverse. This part of the review focuses on various types of modeling. These are not only phantom, voxel models or the finite difference method but also new approaches such as distribution matrices, Monte Carlo simulations and an integrated radio frequency model based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and other methods. The review provides the results obtained by investigating encephalography under exposure to RF EMF created by mobile communication devices. They are rather contradictory; however, changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain are detected in most cases, in particular, a decrease in the alpha rhyme. Since the characteristics of sensorimotor reactions quite clearly reflect the power relations in the cerebral cortex, we analyzed changes in the parameters of simple auditory-motor and visual-motor reactions in children and adolescents who were mobile communication users. In addition, the review covers the results of changes in working capacity, fatigue, the duration of an individual minute and the reproduction of a given rhythm.

Electromagnetic fields of cellular communication as risk factors able to produce negative effects on the central nervous system of children and adolescents (review). Part 1. Modeling. parameters of electroencephalography and sensorimotor reactions

It is quite relevant to investigate possible outcomes of exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) since contemporary children and adolescents have become active users of the most advanced technologies. They are especially susceptible to electromagnetic factors; therefore, it is necessary to have a proper insight into outcomes of such exposures for the body. The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the main targets under exposure to RF EMF. In most cases, users hold mobile phones close to their heads thereby directly exposing their brains to RF EMF. As the analysis of literature data has shown, there are few studies in this area; however, proposed options for assessing the impact of RF EMF on children and adolescents are very diverse. This part of the review focuses on various types of modeling. These are not only phantom, voxel models or the finite difference method but also new approaches such as distribution matrices, Monte Carlo simulations and an integrated radio frequency model based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and other methods. The review provides the results obtained by investigating encephalography under exposure to RF EMF created by mobile communication devices. They are rather contradictory; however, changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain are detected in most cases, in particular, a decrease in the alpha rhyme. Since the characteristics of sensorimotor reactions quite clearly reflect the power relations in the cerebral cortex, we analyzed changes in the parameters of simple auditory-motor and visual-motor reactions in children and adolescents who were mobile communication users. In addition, the review covers the results of changes in working capacity, fatigue, the duration of an individual minute and the reproduction of a given rhythm.

Новітні можливості оцінки простої зорово-моторної реакції з використанням сучасних мобільних технологій

Purpose: to investigate the novel possibilities of assessing simple visual-motor reaction using modern mobile technologies. Material and methods. Research methods included analysis and synthesis of scientific-methodical literature, psychophysiological measurements, and mathematical statistical methods utilizing licensed programs RStudio and Numbers. The study was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, 135 students from Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture and Kharkiv State Academy of Arts of various specializations, aged 18-23 years, participated: martial arts (n=45); sports games (n=28); sports and artistic gymnastics (n=22); dance, choreography (n=40). The second stage presented the results of measurements from over 200 respondents, of different ages and genders, users of the «Reaction Visual &amp; Acoustical» application on the iOS platform who provided their results in the «Game Center». Results: According to the first stage findings, information regarding the characteristics of the manifestation of simple visual-motor reaction in students of various specializations was obtained. It was noted that the level of sports qualification of athletes influences the reaction manifestation level. The least changes outside the upper and lower quartiles were observed in the martial arts group, where more students had higher sports qualifications. The most significant changes outside the upper and lower quartiles were observed in the sports games group, indicating the presence of athletes of different qualification levels in this group. According to the second stage results, a comparative analysis determined that there were no statistically significant differences (p&gt;0,05) between the measurement indicators of «Game Center» users and the indicators of students of various specializations. Comparing the measurement results in the study groups, it was found that the reaction time of martial artists was statistically lower (p&lt;0,05) than the reaction time of representatives of other specializations and «Game Center» users. Conclusions. Modern computer technologies allow for increased accuracy and speed of obtaining results of various measurements, saving time on result processing, making operational conclusions, and making relevant decisions. The results obtained during the study indicate that the level of sports qualification of athletes influences the reaction manifestation level. Thus, it was determined that martial artists with higher sports qualifications, who passed the appropriate selection stages, have more developed psychophysiological capabilities for the manifestation of various types of reactions. According to the comparative analysis results, it can be argued that there are no statistically significant differences (p&gt;0,05) between the measurement indicators of «Game Center» users and the indicators of students of various specializations.

THE IMPACT OF STRESS-ASSOCIATED DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE ORGANS ON THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATE OF OPERATORS OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS

Introduction. In the conditions of martial law, an important role belongs to modern military equipment, which includes unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Оperators of UAS in the course of combat missions are significantly affected by the stress factor. It provokes the occurrence of stress-associated diseases in them, therefore, studying the specifics of the impact of stress-associated diseases on the psychophysiological state of operators determines the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study. To establish the patterns of influence of stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs on the psychophysiological state of the operators of unmanned aircraft systems. Materials and methods. In the course of the research, 94 operators of UAS under the age of 40 were examined, who were then divided into groups based on their health status. The examination was carried out using modern modified methods implemented on the basis of the software and hardware complex for psychophysiological research «PFI-2». The results. It has been proven that stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs significantly worsen (p&lt;0,05) the psychophysiological state of operators of UAS in a sufficiently large number of professionally important psychophysiological qualities. The reliable influence of the «state of health» factor on the indicators of simple and complex visual-motor reaction of operators of UAS is shown. The analysis of correlation constellations according to cognitive parameters showed that 6 of them are observed in healthy operators, 2 in mildly ill patients, and 1 in severely ill patients, that is, the system of connections between cognitive functions breaks down quite strongly with the development of stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs. There is a natural decrease in the number of connections in the series «healthy (13) – mildly ill (10) – severely ill (5)». It is shown that the stress that causes the disease fundamentally destroys the system of ensuring professional activity. Conclusions. It was established that stress-associated diseases of the digestive organs negatively affect the psychophysiological state of operators. The degree of degradation of the structure of correlation relations (р=0,0491) as a result of the influence of the stress factor on the operators was revealed. A hypothesis regarding the destruction of the system of connections between cognitive psychophysiological parameters depending on the «severity of the disease» is proposed. The need to develop a set of measures to prevent the development of stress-related diseases among operators of UAS has been established.

Психофизиологические особенности молодых людей с признаками интернет-зависимости

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this work is to study the psychophysiological features and characteristics of the activity of the central nervous system in young people with signs of Internet addiction. Young people were investigated, students of grades 10-11 of Tyumen gymnasiums, as well as students of 1-3 courses of Tyumen State University were studied. Internet addiction was determined by the Chen test, the average screen time spent online using mobile gadgets was recorded, the level of anxiety was determined when modeling the symptom of network access cancellation. Cognitive plasticity was determined by the Stroop method. The properties of the central nervous system were studied using a Symbol Cancellation Test (Landolt rings), the critical frequency of the fusion of flickers, the time of simple and complex visual-motor reactions were measured. The following results were found: in gymnasium students with signs of Internet addiction, significant cognitive rigidity was recorded in congruent (1.19 &amp;plusmn; 0.05 s per solution; p&amp;lt;0.01 with control) and non-congruent (1.49 &amp;plusmn; 0.08 s per solution; p&amp;lt;0.001 with control) Scab samples, respectively. In the group with Internet addiction, low reliability of work on the Landolt test was also noted (Kp 16.24 &amp;plusmn; 2.09%; p &amp;lt;0.001 with control), low accuracy of work (At 0.76 &amp;plusmn; 0.03 units; p &amp;lt;0.001 with control) and more inert indicators of complex visual-motor reaction (436.66 &amp;plusmn; 14.52 ms; p&amp;lt;0.001 with control).The most pronounced negative characteristics associated with low reliability of information processing, low endurance and ability to differentiate in the central nervous system, as well as reduced selective perception of information were noted in the group of gymnasium students and, in part, in the risk groups of gymnasium students and students.&lt;/p&gt;

The effect of special exercises using the visual stimuli device on the speed of motor response, visual tracking, the skills of cutting and dispersing the ball, and various defensive movements for young handball players

The research is significant because it aims to improve the speed of motor response and visual tracking through targeted exercises using the visual stimuli device that the two researchers created as part of the training program for the sample. This program also supports the individual defensive movements of the players, which are exemplified by the skills of cutting and dispersing the ball and other defensive movements for young handball players. Regarding the research issue, the researchers observed a deficiency in the players' defensive performance, which manifests as slow movement and reaction to the ball's movement. This deficiency could be attributed to a lack of interest in handball player training programs as well as a weakness in visual abilities and motor response speed to the attacker's and the ball's movement. Preparing unique workouts with visual stimuli to enhance young handball players' motor reaction speed, visual tracking abilities, ball-cutting and ball-dispersing capabilities, and defensive maneuvers is one of the research's goals. The research population was purposefully selected and sampled; specifically, the goalkeepers, who numbered two, were omitted, and the youth players of the Diyala Handball Club for the 2022–2023 sports season, numbered eighteen. As a result, the sample size increased to sixteen participants, who were split into eight players, representing the experimental group, and eight players, representing the control group, at random (even and odd numbers). After conducting an exploratory experiment on two handball players, the researchers came to the conclusion that the experimental study sample's development of visual tracking and motor reaction speed was positively impacted by workouts on the visual stimulus device. The researchers suggest that in order to improve handball players' efficiency, it is imperative to engage in visual stimulus workouts that enhance skill performance and physical and visual capacities.

Особенности проявления нейродинамических и когнитивно-личностных показателей иностранных студентов в процессе адаптации к условиям обучения в вузе

Foreign students have to adapt to new linguacultural academic environment. The adaptation process affects their neurodynamic, cognitive, and personal indicators. The research involved such psychophysiological parameters as nervous system lability, visual-motor reactions, memory scope, and attention span. The paper introduces the personality profile of an average foreign student, as well as substantiates the importance of neurodynamic, cognitive, and personal indicators during adaptation. In this research, foreign students demonstrated situational rather than personal anxiety, compared with their Russian peers. They developed fatigue associated with poor functional state of the central nervous system. The adaptation peculiarities depended on the nationality: this fact has to be taken into account to optimize adaptation to the new academic environment. The neurodynamic and cognitive features correlated with Russian proficiency. Those that did not speak Russian had poor visual-motor reaction, nervous system lability, memory scope, and attention span, which correlated with maladaptation to the new linguacultural academic environment.

Features of the influence of working conditions on psychophysiological functions of unmanned aircraft systems operators

This study was conducted to determine the influence and assess the impact of specific factors of working conditions on the psychophysiological functions of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operators. The research involved 41 military personnel (men aged 20-35 years old) who operated the I class “Light” UAS and were engaged in a varied range of professional tasks. The aim was to understand the complex impact of these distinct factors on operators during the execution of their duties. To examine their psychophysiological status, we employed modified methods using the PFI-2 hardware/software complex. The following indicators were determined: accuracy of reaction to a moving object, strength of nervous processes, functional mobility of nervous processes, simple visual-motor reaction, complex visual-motor reaction, orientation in space, and visual memory. The role of climatic and microclimatic factors in professional activity was studied using a questionnaire, where their influence on functional status was assessed on a 100-point scale. To facilitate further theoretical development and practical application, we determined the investigated factors integral impact on shaping operators’ subjective perception and specific psychophysiological qualities that are professionally significant for military personnel. The preliminary analysis showed the heterogeneity of feelings the influence of various components of the external environment factor. To correct this heterogeneity, we used the non-linear correction method (logarithmization of analyzed data, when large values of an analyzed parameter could be reduced due to the properties of logarithmic function). Then, a correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient) and regression analysis of studied parameters has been carried out with a preliminary check of the structure of operator perceptions for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. As a result, a list of psychophysiological qualities that change under the influence of the external environment factor in individuals with different perceptivity to its components has been selected.