Visual Information To Patients Research Articles

Dependence on visual information in patients with ACL injury for multi-joint coordination during single-leg squats: a case control study.

The influence of vision on multi-joint control during dynamic tasks in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient patients is unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to establish a new method for quantifying neuromuscular control by focusing on the variability of multi-joint movement under conditions with different visual information and to determine the cutoff for potential biomarkers of injury risk in ACL deficient individuals. Twenty-three ACL deficient patients and 23 healthy subjects participated in this study. They performed single-leg squats under two different conditions: open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE). Multi-joint coordination was calculated with the coupling angle of hip flexion, hip abduction and knee flexion. Non-linear analyses were performed on the coupling angle. Dependence on vision was compared between groups by calculating the CE/OE index for each variable. Cutoff values were calculated using ROC curves with ACL injury as the dependent variable and significant variables as independent variables. The sample entropy of the coupling angle was increased in all groups under the CE condition (P < 0.001). The CE/OE index of coupling angle variability during the descending phase was higher in ACL deficient limbs than in the limbs of healthy participants (P = 0.036). The CE/OE index of sample entropy was higher in the uninjured limbs of ACL deficient patients than in the limbs of healthy participants (P = 0.027). The cutoff value of the CE/OE index of sample entropy was calculated to be 1.477 (Sensitivity 0.957, specificity 0.478). ACL deficient patients depended on vision to control multiple joint movements not only on the ACL deficient side but also on the uninjured side during single leg squat task. These findings underscore the importance of considering visual dependence in the assessment and rehabilitation of neuromuscular control in ACL deficient individuals.

P.554 Relationship of cognetive impairment and the processing of visual information in patients with schizophrenia

The aim of this study was to investigate whether differentiation of delta-beta cross frequency coupling (CFC) in bipolar II depressive episode with mixed features and consecutive remission was observed.8 patient diagnosed bipolar disorder type II, depressive episode with mixed features according to DSM-V, were examined during the current episode, at baseline and end of the third week of lamotrigine use. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) were applied to each case at the baseline and end of the third week and QEEG was performed. Temperament was evaluated with TEMPS-A.dPAC-DB and AAC-DB were significantly higher in FP2 at the end of 3rd weeks of lamotrigine use. A linear relationship was found between F3 dPAC-DB and MDQ scores, before and after treatment. P3 dPAC-DB was correlated with HDRS scores initially only. Cyclothymic temperament scores was found related with dPAC-DB and AAC-DB in F4.In bipolar disorder, delta-beta CFC was first investigated in this study. CFCs may have a neural projection of the physiopathology of bipolar disorder. At the point we reached in this study, we can show it as both state and trait.

Multisensory integration of emotionally valenced olfactory–visual information in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls

Patients with schizophrenia frequently have deficits in social cognition, and difficulties in the discrimination of emotional facial expressions have been discussed as an important contributing factor. We investigated whether this impairment is aggravated by difficulties relating the observed facial expression to contextual information, as is often provided by emotionally valenced crossmodal stimulation. We investigated the effects of odorant primes on the accuracy and speed of emotional face recognition. Healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia were exposed to 2-second odorant stimuli: vanillin (pleasant), ambient air (neutral) and hydrogen sulfide (unpleasant). The odours were followed by an emotional face recognition task, in which participants determined if a face showed happiness, disgust or neutral affect. Controls showed improved performance in the categorization of disgusted faces after all types of odour stimulation irrespective of the emotional valence. However, in controls, the response time for happy faces was slower after presentation of any odour. Schizophrenia patients showed an attenuated effect of olfactory priming on disgust recognition, which resulted in the increased performance differences between the groups. This effect was particularly strong for the unpleasant odour. The study design did not allow us to fully differentiate between the effects of perceived odour intensity and valence. A possible contribution of cognitive deficits on the observed effects should be investigated in future studies. Our results provide novel evidence for a special connection between the presentation of odorant cues and the accuracy of recognition of disgusted faces in healthy controls. This recognition advantage is disturbed in patients with schizophrenia and appears to contribute to the observed deficit in emotional face recognition.

A Method for Generating Precise Temporal Patterns of Retinal Spiking Using Prosthetic Stimulation

The goal of retinal prosthetic devices is to generate meaningful visual information in patients that have lost outer retinal function. To accomplish this, these devices should generate patterns of ganglion cell activity that closely resemble the spatial and temporal components of those patterns that are normally elicited by light. Here, we developed a stimulus paradigm that generates precise temporal patterns of activity in retinal ganglion cells, including those patterns normally generated by light. Electrical stimulus pulses (> or =1-ms duration) elicited activity in neurons distal to the ganglion cells; this resulted in ganglion cell spiking that could last as long as 100 ms. However, short pulses, <0.15 ms, elicited only a single spike within 0.7 ms of the leading edge of the pulse. Trains of these short pulses elicited one spike per pulse at frequencies < or =250 Hz. Patterns of short electrical pulses (derived from normal light elicited spike patterns) were delivered to ganglion cells and generated spike patterns that replicated the normal light patterns. Finally, we found that one spike per pulse was elicited over almost a 2.5:1 range of stimulus amplitudes. Thus a common stimulus amplitude could accommodate a 2.5:1 range of activation thresholds, e.g., caused by differences arising from cell biophysical properties or from variations in electrode-to-cell distance arising when a multielectrode array is placed on the retina. This stimulus paradigm can generate the temporal resolution required for a prosthetic device.

Eye movements and verbal reports in neglect patients during a letter reading task

To study different typolologies from visuo-verbal behavior concerning the arrest and the treatment of visual information in patients with spatial hemineglect. Ocular movements were monitored by photo-oculography in thirty controls and twenty-three patients with neglect. During a letter reading task, the movements, number of entries into predetermined zones of the visual field, time spent in each zone, and the verbal responses were recorded. Four profiles may be anticipated for such trials: normal scanning and reading (S+R+), normal scanning without reading (S+R-), absence of both scanning and reading (S-R-), abnormal scanning with reading (S-R+). The letter projected in each of the 4 quadrants was scanned and correctly identified by all of the controls with no differences in scanning times. Among patients, the 4 possible behavior patterns were found along with differences in exploration duration per zone (p < 0.05) and number of times specific zones were attained (p < 0.05). Our results confirmed the heterogeneity of the mechanisms of neglect and suggest that rehabilitation procedures adapted to each profile might be useful.

Reduced or increased influence of non-pertinent information in patients with schizophrenia?

We tested the ability of 18 patients with schizophrenia and 18 matched controls to filter non-pertinent information in orientation matching tasks. The non-pertinent information consisted of pictures conveying semantic information. The pertinent information consisted of oriented line-segments drawn inside pictures or was represented by the overall orientation of the picture itself. The results showed that non-pertinent information interfered with performance of control subjects in all tasks. In contrast, non-pertinent information interfered with the performance of patients with schizophrenia to the same extent as that of matched controls only when non-pertinent and pertinent information was physically mingled, but not when they were separated. Yet, patients processed non-pertinent information in all experiments, as shown by reversed interference effects when non-pertinent and pertinent information was physically separated. These results suggest a deficit at linking physically distinct visual information in patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, performance was more impaired in patients with schizophrenia than in control subjects when the amount of displayed information increased. The results suggest the coexistence, and a possible relationship between attentional deficits and impairments at linking distinct visual information in patients with schizophrenia.